Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Posterior Cerebral Artery Strokes

Last updated: February 8, 2026Reviewed date: February 8, 2026Reading time: 8 min read
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Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (TSAH) and Posterior Cerebral Artery Strokes (PCA strokes) into plain and simple language. We'll discuss what these conditions are, their causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, drugs, and surgical options. Our goal is to make this information accessible and easy to understand for...

For severe symptoms, danger signs, pregnancy, child illness, or sudden worsening, seek urgent medical care.

বাংলা রোগী নোট এখনো যোগ করা হয়নি। পোস্ট এডিটরে “RX Bangla Patient Mode” বক্স থেকে সহজ বাংলা সারাংশ যোগ করুন।

এই তথ্য শিক্ষা ও সচেতনতার জন্য। এটি ডাক্তারি পরীক্ষা, রোগ নির্ণয় বা প্রেসক্রিপশনের বিকল্প নয়।

Article Summary

Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (TSAH) and Posterior Cerebral Artery Strokes (PCA strokes) into plain and simple language. We'll discuss what these conditions are, their causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, drugs, and surgical options. Our goal is to make this information accessible and easy to understand for everyone. Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage is a condition where there is bleeding in the space between the brain and the thin...

Key Takeaways

  • This article explains Causes  in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Symptoms  in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Diagnostic Tests  in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Treatments  in simple medical language.
Educational health guideWritten for patient understanding and clinical awareness.
Reviewed content workflowUse writer and reviewer profiles for stronger trust.
Emergency safety firstUrgent warning signs are highlighted below.

Seek urgent medical care if you notice

These warning signs are general safety guidance. Local emergency numbers and clinical judgment should always come first.

  • Chest pain, severe shortness of breath, fainting, or sudden severe weakness.
  • Sudden face drooping, arm weakness, speech trouble, confusion, or vision change.
  • A rapidly worsening condition or symptoms that feel life-threatening.
1

Emergency now

Use emergency care for severe, sudden, rapidly worsening, or life-threatening symptoms.

2

See a doctor

Book a professional medical evaluation if symptoms persist, worsen, recur often, affect daily activities, or occur in a high-risk patient.

3

Learn safely

Use this article to understand possible causes, tests, treatment options, prevention, and questions to ask your clinician.

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Start here Choose the right pathway for symptoms, reports, medicines, or urgent warning signs. Disease article roadmap Read this topic step by step: meaning, symptoms, warning signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and follow-up. Treatment planner Prepare questions about treatment choices, benefits, risks, side effects, and follow-up. Family & caregiver guide Organize symptoms, reports, medicines, questions, and follow-up safely. Nutrition & diet guide Prepare food, hydration, supplement, and medicine-timing questions safely. Prevention guide Organize risk factors, protective habits, screening, and warning signs. Recovery guide Prepare a safe plan for activity, rehabilitation, warning signs, and follow-up.
Definition

Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (TSAH) and Posterior Cerebral Artery Strokes (PCA strokes) into plain and simple language. We’ll discuss what these conditions are, their causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, drugs, and surgical options. Our goal is to make this information accessible and easy to understand for everyone.

Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage is a condition where there is bleeding in the space between the brain and the thin covering around it, known as the arachnoid membrane. This bleeding happens as a result of a head injury or trauma.

Causes 

  1. Head Injuries: The most common cause of TSAH is a severe blow or injury to the head.
  2. Car Accidents: High-speed collisions can lead to head injuries and TSAH.
  3. Falls: A significant fall, especially from a height, can cause head trauma.
  4. Sports Injuries: Contact sports like football or rugby can result in head injuries.
  5. Assault: Physical violence can lead to head trauma and bleeding.
  6. Bicycle Accidents: Falling off a bicycle and hitting your head can cause TSAH.
  7. Motorcycle Accidents: Crashes without helmets can result in head injuries.
  8. Shaken Baby Syndrome: Infants shaken violently can suffer head trauma.
  9. Penetrating Injuries: Objects penetrating the skull can cause bleeding.
  10. Work-Related Accidents: Industrial or construction accidents can lead to TSAH.
  11. Explosions: Blast injuries can cause traumatic brain injuries.
  12. Sports Equipment: Being hit with sports equipment can result in TSAH.
  13. Rollercoaster Accidents: High-speed rides can cause head injuries.
  14. Skiing/Snowboarding Accidents: Falls on the slopes can lead to TSAH.
  15. Horseback Riding Falls: A fall from a horse can result in head trauma.
  16. Assault with Weapons: Weapons can cause severe head injuries.
  17. Boating Accidents: Collisions on the water can lead to head trauma.
  18. Trampoline Accidents: Bouncing accidents can cause head injuries.
  19. Playgrounds: Falls from playground equipment can result in TSAH.
  20. Falling Objects: Being struck by falling objects can cause head injuries.

Symptoms 

  1. Severe pain in the head or upper neck. সহজ বাংলা: মাথাব্যথা।" data-rx-term="headache" data-rx-definition="Headache means pain in the head or upper neck. সহজ বাংলা: মাথাব্যথা।">Headache: A sudden and intense headache is a common symptom.
  2. Nausea and Vomiting: Feeling sick to the stomach and vomiting may occur.
  3. Loss of Consciousness: Brief or prolonged loss of consciousness can happen.
  4. Confusion: Disorientation and mental fog are common after head injuries.
  5. Slurred Speech: Difficulty speaking clearly may be observed.
  6. Vision Problems: Blurred or double vision can occur.
  7. Sensitivity to Light: Bright lights may worsen the symptoms.
  8. Stiff Neck: Neck stiffness and pain are possible.
  9. Seizures: Uncontrolled movements or convulsions can happen.
  10. Fatigue: Feeling extremely tired is common.
  11. Memory Problems: Difficulty remembering things may occur.
  12. Difficulty Walking: Balance and coordination issues can arise.
  13. Numbness or Weakness: In the face, arms, or legs.
  14. Changes in Behavior: Irritability or mood swings may be noticed.
  15. Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or unsteady.
  16. Ringing in the Ears: Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, can occur.
  17. Changes in Taste or Smell: Altered senses may be observed.
  18. Breathing Problems: Shallow or irregular breathing may happen.
  19. Coma: In severe cases, a deep unconscious state can develop.
  20. Bruising or Swelling: Visible injuries to the head or face.

Diagnostic Tests 

  1. CT Scan: A specialized X-ray to visualize bleeding or injury.
  2. MRI: Detailed images of the brain and blood vessels.
  3. Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): Collecting cerebrospinal fluid to check for bleeding.
  4. Angiography: An X-ray to examine blood vessels in the brain.
  5. Glasgow Coma Scale: Assessing consciousness and neurological function.
  6. EEG (Electroencephalogram): Monitoring brain wave patterns.
  7. Blood Tests: Checking for infection or other abnormalities.
  8. Eye Exam: Assessing vision and eye movement.
  9. Neurological Exam: Evaluating reflexes, coordination, and sensation.
  10. Skull X-rays: Detecting fractures or other bone injuries.
  11. PET Scan: Identifying changes in brain function.
  12. Doppler Ultrasound: Evaluating blood flow in the brain.
  13. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: Measuring pressure inside the skull.
  14. Mini-Mental State Examination: Assessing cognitive function.
  15. Bleeding Time Test: Checking for clotting disorders.
  16. Brain Biopsy: A sample of brain tissue may be taken for analysis.
  17. Cerebral Angiography: Visualizing blood vessels in the brain.
  18. Ophthalmoscopy: Examining the back of the eye.
  19. Skull Base CT: Focusing on the base of the skull for fractures.
  20. Skull Base MRI: Detailed imaging of the skull base.

Treatments 

  1. Observation: Mild cases may be monitored closely without immediate treatment.
  2. Rest: Resting and avoiding strenuous activities is essential.
  3. Pain Management: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers may be used.
  4. Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be needed to repair damaged blood vessels or remove clots.
  5. Anticoagulants: Medications to prevent blood clot formation.
  6. Anti-Seizure Drugs: Prescribed to prevent seizures.
  7. Blood Pressure Control: Maintaining stable blood pressure is crucial.
  8. Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation to improve strength and coordination.
  9. Speech Therapy: Helping with communication and swallowing difficulties.
  10. Occupational Therapy: Assisting with daily tasks and fine motor skills.
  11. Ventilation Support: Mechanical ventilation for severe cases.
  12. Drainage: Removing excess cerebrospinal fluid to relieve pressure.
  13. Medication for Swelling: Reducing brain swelling with drugs.
  14. Nutritional Support: Ensuring proper nutrition through feeding tubes if necessary.
  15. Clot Removal: Using a catheter to remove blood clots.
  16. Aneurysm Repair: Surgical treatment for aneurysms causing TSAH.
  17. Vasopressors: Medications to raise blood pressure if it drops dangerously.
  18. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber.
  19. Hemostatic Agents: Medications to stop bleeding.
  20. Cerebral Shunts: Diverting excess cerebrospinal fluid away from the brain.
  21. Craniectomy: Removing part of the skull to reduce pressure.
  22. Craniotomy: Opening the skull to access and treat the brain.
  23. External Ventricular Drainage: Draining excess fluid from the brain.
  24. Thrombolytic Therapy: Dissolving blood clots with medication.
  25. Steroids: Reducing infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation in the brain.
  26. Pain Blockers: Managing severe headache pain.
  27. Wound Care: Keeping head injuries clean and free from infection.
  28. Antibiotics: Treating or preventing infections.
  29. Counseling: Emotional support and therapy for patients and families.
  30. Rehabilitation Programs: Comprehensive programs to aid recovery.

Drugs 

  1. Acetaminophen: Over-the-counter pain reliever.
  2. Ibuprofen: Non-prescription inflammation, pain, or swelling. সহজ বাংলা: প্রদাহ/ফোলা/ব্যথা কমায়।" data-rx-term="anti-inflammatory" data-rx-definition="Anti-inflammatory means reducing inflammation, pain, or swelling. সহজ বাংলা: প্রদাহ/ফোলা/ব্যথা কমায়।">anti-inflammatory drug.
  3. Aspirin: Blood-thinning and pain-relief medication.
  4. Morphine: Prescription painkiller for severe pain.
  5. Heparin: Anticoagulant to prevent blood clots.
  6. Phenytoin: Anti-seizure medication.
  7. Valproic Acid: Anti-epileptic drug.
  8. Mannitol: Medication to reduce brain swelling.
  9. Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA): Clot-dissolving drug.
  10. Nimodipine: Medication to prevent vasospasm.
  11. Furosemide: Diuretic to reduce fluid buildup.
  12. Dexamethasone: Steroid to reduce brain inflammation.
  13. Antiviral Drugs: Treating viral infections.
  14. Antibiotics: Fighting bacterial infections.
  15. Cerebral Vasodilators: Expanding blood vessels in the brain.
  16. Lactulose: Medication to manage high ammonia levels.
  17. Propranolol: Medication to control blood pressure.
  18. Diazepam: Anti-anxiety and muscle relaxant.
  19. Antiemetics: Drugs to control nausea and vomiting.
  20. Sedatives: Medications to calm and relax patients.

Surgery 

  1. Aneurysm Clipping: Surgical placement of a clip to prevent aneurysm rupture.
  2. Endovascular Coiling: Filling an aneurysm with coils to block blood flow.
  3. Craniotomy: Opening the skull to access and treat brain abnormalities.
  4. Ventriculostomy: Creating a hole in the brain to drain excess fluid.
  5. Decompressive Craniectomy: Removing part of the skull to relieve pressure.
  6. Shunt Placement: Inserting a tube to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid.
  7. Hematoma Evacuation: Surgical removal of blood clots.
  8. Arterial Bypass: Redirecting blood flow around blocked arteries.
  9. Thrombectomy: Surgical removal of blood clots in vessels.
  10. Stent Placement: Inserting a stent to support weakened blood vessels.

Conclusion

Understanding Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Posterior Cerebral Artery Strokes can be challenging due to their complex terminology. However, breaking down the causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, drugs, and surgical options into plain and simple language can make this information more accessible and helpful for everyone. If you or someone you know is facing these medical issues, seek immediate medical attention and follow your healthcare provider’s guidance for the best possible outcome.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

 

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Prepare before seeing a doctor

A simple rural-patient checklist to help you explain symptoms clearly, ask better questions, and avoid unsafe self-treatment.

Safety note: This is not a prescription or diagnosis. For severe symptoms, pregnancy danger signs, children with serious illness, chest pain, breathing difficulty, stroke-like weakness, or major injury, seek urgent care.

Which doctor may help?

Start with a registered doctor or the nearest qualified health center.

What to tell the doctor

  • Write when the problem started and how it changed.
  • Bring old prescriptions, investigation reports, and current medicines.
  • Write allergies, pregnancy status, diabetes, kidney/liver disease, and major past illnesses.
  • Bring one family member if the patient is weak, elderly, confused, or a child.

Questions to ask

  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which danger signs mean I should go to hospital quickly?
  • Which tests are necessary now, and which can wait?
  • How should I take medicines safely and what side effects should I watch for?
  • When should I come for follow-up?

Tests to discuss

  • Vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
  • Basic physical examination by a clinician
  • CBC, urine test, blood sugar, or imaging only when clinically needed

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not use antibiotics, steroid tablets/injections, or strong painkillers without proper medical advice.
  • Do not hide pregnancy, kidney disease, ulcer, allergy, or blood thinner use.
  • Do not delay emergency care when danger signs are present.

Medicine safety and first-aid guide

This section is for patient education only. It does not replace a doctor, pharmacist, or emergency care.

Safe first steps

  • Avoid heavy lifting, sudden bending, and prolonged bed rest.
  • Use comfortable posture and gentle movement as tolerated.
  • Discuss physiotherapy, X-ray, or MRI only when clinically needed.

OTC medicine safety

  • For mild back pain, pain-relief medicine may be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
  • Avoid repeated painkiller use if you have kidney disease, stomach ulcer, uncontrolled blood pressure, or are taking blood thinners.

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not start antibiotics without a proper medical decision.
  • Do not use steroid tablets or injections casually for quick relief.
  • Do not delay emergency care because of home remedies.

Get urgent help if

  • Back pain with leg weakness, numbness around private area, loss of urine/stool control, fever, cancer history, or major injury needs urgent care.
Medicine names, dose, and timing must be decided by a qualified clinician or pharmacist after checking age, pregnancy, allergy, other diseases, and current medicines.

For rural patients and family caregivers

Patient health record and symptom diary

Write your symptoms, medicines already taken, test results, and questions before visiting a doctor. This note stays on your device unless you print or copy it.

Doctor to discuss: Orthopedic / spine specialist, physical medicine doctor, or qualified clinician
Tests to discuss with doctor
  • Neurological examination for leg power, sensation, reflexes, and straight leg raise
  • X-ray only if injury, deformity, long-lasting pain, or doctor suspects bone problem
  • MRI discussion if severe nerve symptoms, weakness, bladder/bowel problem, or persistent symptoms
Questions to ask
  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which warning signs mean I should go to emergency care?
  • Which tests are really needed now?
  • Which medicines are safe for my age, pregnancy status, allergy, kidney/liver/stomach condition, and current medicines?
  • Is physiotherapy, posture correction, or activity modification needed?

Emergency warning signs such as chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, sudden weakness, confusion, severe dehydration, major injury, or loss of bladder/bowel control need urgent medical care. Do not wait for online information.

Safe pathway to proper treatment

Care roadmap for: Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Posterior Cerebral Artery Strokes

Use this simple roadmap to understand the next safe steps. It is educational and does not replace examination by a doctor.

Go to emergency care if you notice:
  • Severe or rapidly worsening symptoms
  • Breathing difficulty, chest pain, fainting, confusion, severe weakness, major injury, or severe dehydration
Doctor / service to discuss: Qualified healthcare provider; specialist depends on symptoms and examination.
  1. Step 1

    Check danger signs first

    If danger signs are present, seek emergency care and do not wait for online information.

  2. Step 2

    Record the symptom story

    Write when symptoms started, severity, medicines already taken, allergies, pregnancy status, and test results.

  3. Step 3

    Visit a qualified clinician

    A doctor, nurse, or qualified healthcare provider can examine you and decide which tests or treatment are needed.

  4. Step 4

    Do only useful tests

    Do tests after clinical assessment. Avoid unnecessary tests, random antibiotics, or repeated medicines without diagnosis.

  5. Step 5

    Follow up and return early if worse

    If symptoms worsen, new warning signs appear, or treatment is not helping, return for review quickly.

Rural patient practical tips
  • Take a written symptom diary and all previous prescriptions/test reports.
  • Do not hide medicines already taken, even herbal or over-the-counter medicines.
  • Ask which warning signs mean urgent referral to hospital.

This roadmap is for education. A real diagnosis and treatment plan requires history, examination, and clinical judgment.

RX Patient Help

Ask a health question safely

Write your symptom story. A health professional or site editor can review it before any answer is prepared. This box is not for emergency care.

Emergency first: Severe chest pain, breathing trouble, unconsciousness, stroke signs, severe injury, heavy bleeding, or rapidly worsening symptoms need urgent local medical care now.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is this article a replacement for a doctor?

No. It is educational content only. Patients should consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment.

When should I seek urgent care?

Seek urgent care for severe symptoms, rapidly worsening condition, breathing difficulty, severe pain, neurological changes, or any emergency warning sign.

References

Add references, clinical guidelines, textbooks, journal articles, or trusted medical sources here. You can edit this area from the RX Article Professional Blocks panel.

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