Banch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO)

Last updated: February 8, 2026Reviewed date: February 8, 2026Reading time: 7 min read
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Banch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO) is a medical condition that affects the eye. It happens when one of the small blood vessels, called arteries, that supply blood to the retina gets blocked. The retina is the part of your eye that helps you see. When...

For severe symptoms, danger signs, pregnancy, child illness, or sudden worsening, seek urgent medical care.

বাংলা রোগী নোট এখনো যোগ করা হয়নি। পোস্ট এডিটরে “RX Bangla Patient Mode” বক্স থেকে সহজ বাংলা সারাংশ যোগ করুন।

এই তথ্য শিক্ষা ও সচেতনতার জন্য। এটি ডাক্তারি পরীক্ষা, রোগ নির্ণয় বা প্রেসক্রিপশনের বিকল্প নয়।

Article Summary

Banch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO) is a medical condition that affects the eye. It happens when one of the small blood vessels, called arteries, that supply blood to the retina gets blocked. The retina is the part of your eye that helps you see. When the artery is blocked, it can cause vision problems. In this article, we will break down what BRAO is, its...

Key Takeaways

  • This article explains Types of BRAO in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Causes of BRAO in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Symptoms of BRAO in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Diagnostic Tests for BRAO in simple medical language.
Educational health guideWritten for patient understanding and clinical awareness.
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Emergency safety firstUrgent warning signs are highlighted below.

Seek urgent medical care if you notice

These warning signs are general safety guidance. Local emergency numbers and clinical judgment should always come first.

  • Sudden vision loss, severe eye pain, new flashes, or many new floaters.
  • Eye symptoms after injury or chemical exposure.
  • Rapidly worsening redness, swelling, or vision changes.
1

Emergency now

Use emergency care for severe, sudden, rapidly worsening, or life-threatening symptoms.

2

See a doctor

Book a professional medical evaluation if symptoms persist, worsen, recur often, affect daily activities, or occur in a high-risk patient.

3

Learn safely

Use this article to understand possible causes, tests, treatment options, prevention, and questions to ask your clinician.

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Definition

Banch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO) is a medical condition that affects the eye. It happens when one of the small blood vessels, called arteries, that supply blood to the retina gets blocked. The retina is the part of your eye that helps you see. When the artery is blocked, it can cause vision problems. In this article, we will break down what BRAO is, its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, drugs, and surgery in plain and easy-to-understand language.

Types of BRAO

  1. Superior BRAO: This type affects the upper part of the retina.
  2. Inferior BRAO: This type affects the lower part of the retina.
  3. Macular BRAO: This type affects the central area of the retina called the macula.

Causes of BRAO

There are several reasons why BRAO can happen. Here are 20 common causes:

  1. Atherosclerosis: A buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries.
  2. Blood Clots: Tiny clots that block the artery.
  3. High Blood Pressure: Increased pressure can damage the arteries.
  4. insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।" data-rx-term="diabetes" data-rx-definition="Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar stays too high because insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।">Diabetes: High blood sugar can harm blood vessels.
  5. Cardiovascular Disease: Heart problems can lead to BRAO.
  6. Smoking: Tobacco use can damage blood vessels.
  7. High Cholesterol: Too much cholesterol can clog arteries.
  8. Age: It becomes more common as you get older.
  9. Glaucoma: A condition that increases eye pressure.
  10. Temporal Arteritis: infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">Inflammation of the arteries.
  11. Blood Disorders: Conditions that affect blood thickness.
  12. Migraines: Severe headaches may trigger BRAO.
  13. Eye Infections: Infections can block arteries.
  14. Injury: Physical trauma to the eye.
  15. Medications: Certain drugs may affect blood flow.
  16. Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus.
  17. Blood Abnormalities: Issues with blood components.
  18. Hyperviscosity Syndrome: Thickening of blood.
  19. Vasculitis: infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">Inflammation of blood vessels.
  20. Genetics: Some people are more prone to BRAO due to their genes.

Symptoms of BRAO

When BRAO occurs, it can cause various symptoms. Here are 20 common ones:

  1. Sudden Vision Loss: A sudden decrease in vision.
  2. Blurry Vision: Things may appear unclear.
  3. Partial Blindness: Loss of vision in part of the eye.
  4. Distorted Vision: Objects may look distorted.
  5. Floaters: Tiny specks or lines in your vision.
  6. Eye Pain: Discomfort or aching in the eye.
  7. pain in the head or upper neck. সহজ বাংলা: মাথাব্যথা।" data-rx-term="headache" data-rx-definition="Headache means pain in the head or upper neck. সহজ বাংলা: মাথাব্যথা।">Headache: Sometimes accompanied by BRAO.
  8. Light Sensitivity: Eyes may become sensitive to light.
  9. Color Vision Changes: Difficulty distinguishing colors.
  10. Eye Redness: Bloodshot or irritated eyes.
  11. Halos Around Lights: Glowing circles around lights.
  12. Double Vision: Seeing two images of one object.
  13. Difficulty Reading: Trouble with reading small text.
  14. Loss of Peripheral Vision: Side vision may be affected.
  15. Nausea and Vomiting: In severe cases.
  16. Eye Swelling: Swollen or puffy eyes.
  17. Tearing: Excessive tearing of the eye.
  18. Eyelid Drooping: One eyelid may appear lower.
  19. Eye Twitching: Involuntary eye movements.
  20. Eye Discomfort: General eye discomfort or irritation.

Diagnostic Tests for BRAO

Doctors use various tests to diagnose BRAO. Here are 20 common ones:

  1. Ophthalmoscopy: Looking at the retina with a special instrument.
  2. Fluorescein Angiography: Injecting dye to highlight blood flow.
  3. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Detailed imaging of the retina.
  4. Visual Acuity Test: Checking how well you can see.
  5. Amsler Grid Test: Detecting vision changes.
  6. Blood Pressure Measurement: To check for hypertension.
  7. Blood Tests: To assess cholesterol and blood sugar levels.
  8. Echocardiogram: Evaluating heart function.
  9. Carotid Ultrasound: Scanning neck arteries.
  10. MRI or CT Scan: Detailed imaging of the head and neck.
  11. Doppler Ultrasound: Assessing blood flow.
  12. Tonometry: Measuring eye pressure.
  13. Visual Field Test: Mapping your field of vision.
  14. Color Vision Test: Checking color perception.
  15. Pupil Reflex Test: Assessing pupil responses.
  16. Intraocular Pressure Measurement: Measuring eye pressure.
  17. Dilated Eye Exam: Widening pupils for a better view.
  18. Corneal Reflex Test: Testing eye surface sensitivity.
  19. Electroretinogram (ERG): Assessing retinal function.
  20. Automated Perimetry: Mapping visual field changes.

Treatments for BRAO

Once diagnosed, there are various treatments available for BRAO. Here are 30 common ones:

  1. Observation: Some cases may resolve on their own.
  2. Blood Pressure Control: Managing hypertension.
  3. Medication Adjustment: Changing drugs causing BRAO.
  4. Antiplatelet Medications: Reducing blood clot risk.
  5. Anticoagulants: Preventing further clots.
  6. Cholesterol Medications: Lowering cholesterol levels.
  7. infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation, pain, or swelling. সহজ বাংলা: প্রদাহ/ফোলা/ব্যথা কমায়।" data-rx-term="anti-inflammatory" data-rx-definition="Anti-inflammatory means reducing inflammation, pain, or swelling. সহজ বাংলা: প্রদাহ/ফোলা/ব্যথা কমায়।">Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Reducing infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation.
  8. Steroids: Reducing inflammation in some cases.
  9. Antiviral Medications: For viral causes.
  10. Antibiotics: For bacterial infections.
  11. Laser Therapy: Using lasers to treat affected areas.
  12. Intravitreal Injections: Medication injections into the eye.
  13. Retinal Surgery: Rarely, for severe cases.
  14. Retinal Artery Bypass: Redirecting blood flow.
  15. Thrombolytic Therapy: Dissolving blood clots.
  16. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Increasing oxygen supply.
  17. Low Vision Rehabilitation: Coping with vision loss.
  18. Counseling: Emotional support and guidance.
  19. Blood Disorder Treatment: Managing underlying conditions.
  20. Glaucoma Treatment: If glaucoma is present.
  21. Dietary Changes: Adopting a heart-healthy diet.
  22. Exercise: Promoting overall health.
  23. Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight.
  24. Stress Reduction: Managing stress levels.
  25. Smoking Cessation: Quitting tobacco.
  26. Eye Protection: Wearing protective eyewear.
  27. UV Protection: Using sunglasses.
  28. Regular Eye Exams: Monitoring eye health.
  29. Medication Review: Checking for side effects.
  30. Support Groups: Connecting with others facing BRAO.

Drugs for BRAO

There are specific drugs that doctors may prescribe for BRAO. Here are 20 common ones:

  1. Aspirin: To prevent blood clots.
  2. Clopidogrel: Antiplatelet medication.
  3. Warfarin: An anticoagulant.
  4. Atorvastatin: Reduces cholesterol.
  5. Prednisone: An anti-inflammatory.
  6. Dexamethasone: For severe inflammation.
  7. Acyclovir: For viral infections.
  8. Ciprofloxacin: For bacterial infections.
  9. Ranibizumab: Intravitreal injection.
  10. Bevacizumab: Intravitreal injection.
  11. Brinzolamide: For glaucoma.
  12. Dorzolamide: For glaucoma.
  13. Latanoprost: For glaucoma.
  14. Timolol: For glaucoma.
  15. Brimonidine: For glaucoma.
  16. Dipyridamole: Reduces blood clotting.
  17. Cilostazol: Antiplatelet medication.
  18. Clopidogrel/Aspirin Combo: Dual antiplatelet therapy.
  19. Simvastatin: Cholesterol-lowering.
  20. Atenolol: For blood pressure control.

Surgery for BRAO

In some rare cases, surgery may be necessary. Here are 10 surgical options:

  1. Retinal Artery Bypass Surgery: Redirecting blood flow around the blockage.
  2. Thrombectomy: Removing a clot from the artery.
  3. Embolectomy: Removing an embolus or clot.
  4. Vitreoretinal Surgery: Repairing retina-related issues.
  5. Laser Retinopexy: Sealing leaky blood vessels.
  6. Intravitreal Implants: Slow-release medication implants.
  7. Chorioretinal Venous Anastomosis: Creating a new blood vessel.
  8. Retinal Artery Revascularization: Restoring blood flow.
  9. Corneal Transplant: For severe corneal damage.
  10. Glaucoma Surgery: Treating glaucoma if present.

Conclusion

Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO) can affect your vision, but with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many people can regain some or all of their lost vision. Remember, if you experience any sudden vision changes or symptoms associated with BRAO, it’s essential to seek immediate medical attention. Regular eye check-ups and managing underlying health conditions can also help prevent BRAO. Your eye health is crucial, so take good care of your eyes!

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

  1. https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html
  2. https://www.aad.org/about/burden-of-skin-disease
  3. https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/national-institute-of-arthritis-musculoskeletal-and-skin-diseases
  4. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/default.html
  5. https://www.skincancer.org/
  6. https://illnesshacker.com/
  7. https://endinglines.com/
  8. https://www.jaad.org/
  9. https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriasis/
  10. https://books.google.com/books?
  11. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/skin-diseases
  12. https://cms.centerwatch.com/directories/1067-fda-approved-drugs/topic/292-skin-infections-disorders
  13. https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Acute-Bacterial-Skin-and-Skin-Structure-Infections—Developing-Drugs-for-Treatment.pdf
  14. https://dermnetnz.org/topics
  15. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/skin-allergy
  16. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/occupational-skin-disease
  17. https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/skin-allergies/
  18. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  19. https://rxharun.com/resources/category/resources/rxharun/article-types/skin-care-beauty/skin-diseases-types-symptoms-treatment/
  20. https://www.nei.nih.gov/
  21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions
  22. https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_skin_diseases&redirect=no
  23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_condition
  24. https://oxfordtreatment.com/
  25. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/
  26. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/w
  27. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health
  28. https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/
  29. https://www.aarda.org/diseaselist/
  30. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets
  31. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  32. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/topics
  33. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  34. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics
  35. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  36. https://www.niehs.nih.gov
  37. https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/
  38. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics
  39. https://obssr.od.nih.gov/
  40. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics
  41. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  42. https://beta.rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  43. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/

 

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A simple rural-patient checklist to help you explain symptoms clearly, ask better questions, and avoid unsafe self-treatment.

Safety note: This is not a prescription or diagnosis. For severe symptoms, pregnancy danger signs, children with serious illness, chest pain, breathing difficulty, stroke-like weakness, or major injury, seek urgent care.

Which doctor may help?

Start with a registered doctor or the nearest qualified health center.

What to tell the doctor

  • Write when the problem started and how it changed.
  • Bring old prescriptions, investigation reports, and current medicines.
  • Write allergies, pregnancy status, diabetes, kidney/liver disease, and major past illnesses.
  • Bring one family member if the patient is weak, elderly, confused, or a child.

Questions to ask

  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which danger signs mean I should go to hospital quickly?
  • Which tests are necessary now, and which can wait?
  • How should I take medicines safely and what side effects should I watch for?
  • When should I come for follow-up?

Tests to discuss

  • Vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
  • Basic physical examination by a clinician
  • CBC, urine test, blood sugar, or imaging only when clinically needed

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not use antibiotics, steroid tablets/injections, or strong painkillers without proper medical advice.
  • Do not hide pregnancy, kidney disease, ulcer, allergy, or blood thinner use.
  • Do not delay emergency care when danger signs are present.

Medicine safety and first-aid guide

This section is for patient education only. It does not replace a doctor, pharmacist, or emergency care.

Safe first steps

  • Avoid heavy lifting, sudden bending, and prolonged bed rest.
  • Use comfortable posture and gentle movement as tolerated.
  • Discuss physiotherapy, X-ray, or MRI only when clinically needed.

OTC medicine safety

  • For mild back pain, pain-relief medicine may be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
  • Avoid repeated painkiller use if you have kidney disease, stomach ulcer, uncontrolled blood pressure, or are taking blood thinners.

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not start antibiotics without a proper medical decision.
  • Do not use steroid tablets or injections casually for quick relief.
  • Do not delay emergency care because of home remedies.

Get urgent help if

  • Back pain with leg weakness, numbness around private area, loss of urine/stool control, fever, cancer history, or major injury needs urgent care.
Medicine names, dose, and timing must be decided by a qualified clinician or pharmacist after checking age, pregnancy, allergy, other diseases, and current medicines.

For rural patients and family caregivers

Patient health record and symptom diary

Write your symptoms, medicines already taken, test results, and questions before visiting a doctor. This note stays on your device unless you print or copy it.

Doctor to discuss: Doctor / qualified healthcare provider
Tests to discuss with doctor
  • Basic vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen level if needed
  • Relevant blood, urine, imaging, or specialist tests only after clinical assessment
Questions to ask
  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which warning signs mean I should go to emergency care?
  • Which tests are really needed now?
  • Which medicines are safe for my age, pregnancy status, allergy, kidney/liver/stomach condition, and current medicines?

Emergency warning signs such as chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, sudden weakness, confusion, severe dehydration, major injury, or loss of bladder/bowel control need urgent medical care. Do not wait for online information.

Safe pathway to proper treatment

Care roadmap for: Banch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO)

Use this simple roadmap to understand the next safe steps. It is educational and does not replace examination by a doctor.

Go to emergency care if you notice:
  • Severe or rapidly worsening symptoms
  • Breathing difficulty, chest pain, fainting, confusion, severe weakness, major injury, or severe dehydration
Doctor / service to discuss: Qualified healthcare provider; specialist depends on symptoms and examination.
  1. Step 1

    Check danger signs first

    If danger signs are present, seek emergency care and do not wait for online information.

  2. Step 2

    Record the symptom story

    Write when symptoms started, severity, medicines already taken, allergies, pregnancy status, and test results.

  3. Step 3

    Visit a qualified clinician

    A doctor, nurse, or qualified healthcare provider can examine you and decide which tests or treatment are needed.

  4. Step 4

    Do only useful tests

    Do tests after clinical assessment. Avoid unnecessary tests, random antibiotics, or repeated medicines without diagnosis.

  5. Step 5

    Follow up and return early if worse

    If symptoms worsen, new warning signs appear, or treatment is not helping, return for review quickly.

Rural patient practical tips
  • Take a written symptom diary and all previous prescriptions/test reports.
  • Do not hide medicines already taken, even herbal or over-the-counter medicines.
  • Ask which warning signs mean urgent referral to hospital.

This roadmap is for education. A real diagnosis and treatment plan requires history, examination, and clinical judgment.

RX Patient Help

Ask a health question safely

Write your symptom story. A health professional or site editor can review it before any answer is prepared. This box is not for emergency care.

Emergency first: Severe chest pain, breathing trouble, unconsciousness, stroke signs, severe injury, heavy bleeding, or rapidly worsening symptoms need urgent local medical care now.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is this article a replacement for a doctor?

No. It is educational content only. Patients should consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment.

When should I seek urgent care?

Seek urgent care for severe symptoms, rapidly worsening condition, breathing difficulty, severe pain, neurological changes, or any emergency warning sign.

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