Retroperitoneal Fibrosis 

Last updated: February 8, 2026Reviewed date: February 8, 2026Reading time: 8 min read
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Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare autoimmune related disorder that blocks the tubes (ureters) that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Retroperitoneal fibrosis occurs when extra fibrous tissue forms in the area behind the stomach and intestines. The tissue forms a mass (or masses)...

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Article Summary

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare autoimmune related disorder that blocks the tubes (ureters) that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Retroperitoneal fibrosis occurs when extra fibrous tissue forms in the area behind the stomach and intestines. The tissue forms a mass (or masses) that can block the tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder. The cause of this problem is...

Key Takeaways

  • This article explains What Causes Retroperitoneal Fibrosis? in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Common Symptoms of Retroperitoneal Fibrosis in simple medical language.
  • This article explains How is Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Diagnosed? in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Treatments for Retroperitoneal Fibrosis in simple medical language.
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Definition

Retroperitoneal chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।" data-rx-term="fibrosis" data-rx-definition="Fibrosis means excess scar-like tissue formation after chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।">fibrosis is a rare autoimmune related disorder that blocks the tubes (ureters) that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Retroperitoneal chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।" data-rx-term="fibrosis" data-rx-definition="Fibrosis means excess scar-like tissue formation after chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।">fibrosis occurs when extra fibrous tissue forms in the area behind the stomach and intestines. The tissue forms a mass (or masses) that can block the tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder. The cause of this problem is not known. It is most common in people aged 40 – 60. Men are twice as likely to develop the condition as women. Early symptoms include: dull pain in the abdomen that increases with time, pain and change of color in the legs (due to decreased blood flow), and swelling of one leg. Later symptoms include: decreased urine output, no urine output (anuria), nausea, vomiting, changes in thinking caused by kidney failure and build-up of toxic chemicals in the blood, and severe abdominal pain with hemorrhaging (due to death of intestinal tissue). The outlook will depend on the extent of the problem and the amount of damage to the kidneys. The kidney damage may be temporary or permanent.[rx]

Retroperitoneal chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।" data-rx-term="fibrosis" data-rx-definition="Fibrosis means excess scar-like tissue formation after chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।">fibrosis is a slowly progressive disorder in which the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters) and other abdominal organs or vessels become blocked by a fibrous mass and infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation in the back of the abdomen. The disorder may cause pain in the abdomen that worsens with time, pain or swelling of the legs, decreased urine output, and swelling of the scrotum in men.[1][2] Risk factors for retroperitoneal fibrosis include asbestos exposure, smoking, tumor, infection, trauma, radiotherapy, surgery, and use of certain drugs.[1][2][3][4]Treatment may include corticosteroids, tamoxifen, stents or surgery.[1]

Retroperitoneal chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।" data-rx-term="fibrosis" data-rx-definition="Fibrosis means excess scar-like tissue formation after chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।">fibrosis is characterized by infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation and excessive scar tissue that develops in the back of the abdominal cavity. It can occur at any age, but appears most often between the ages of 40 and 60.[1][2] Men are twice as likely to develop the condition as women.[1]

Retroperitoneal chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।" data-rx-term="fibrosis" data-rx-definition="Fibrosis means excess scar-like tissue formation after chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।">fibrosis (RPF) is a rare condition where abnormal tissue growth occurs in the retroperitoneal space. Now, let’s unpack that: the retroperitoneal space is the area behind your abdominal cavity, and fibrosis means the development of excess fibrous or connective tissue. So, in simpler terms, RPF is when extra tissue forms in the back of your belly.

Types of Retroperitoneal chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।" data-rx-term="fibrosis" data-rx-definition="Fibrosis means excess scar-like tissue formation after chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।">Fibrosis

There are two main types of RPF:

  1. Idiopathic RPF: This type has no known cause, making it mysterious. It just happens without a clear reason.
  2. Secondary RPF: This type is linked to other medical conditions or factors. We’ll explore some of these causes in the next section.

What Causes Retroperitoneal chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।" data-rx-term="fibrosis" data-rx-definition="Fibrosis means excess scar-like tissue formation after chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।">Fibrosis?

Understanding the causes of RPF can be helpful. Here are 20 possible factors:

  1. Infections: Certain infections can trigger RPF.
  2. Medications: Some drugs may be linked to RPF development.
  3. Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions where the immune system attacks healthy tissues.
  4. Surgery: Previous abdominal surgeries can be a risk factor.
  5. Cancer: Some cancers, like lymphoma, may lead to RPF.
  6. Radiation Therapy: Past radiation treatments could play a role.
  7. Allergies: Severe allergies might contribute.
  8. Aortic Aneurysm Repair: This surgery may lead to RPF.
  9. Blood Clots: Conditions that cause blood clots may increase the risk.
  10. Vasculitis: infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">Inflammation of blood vessels can be associated.
  11. Certain Inflammatory Diseases: Such as sarcoidosis or Wegener’s granulomatosis.
  12. Abdominal Trauma: Injuries in the belly region might be a factor.
  13. Familial RPF: In some cases, it can run in families.
  14. Obesity: Being overweight can increase the risk.
  15. Smoking: Tobacco use is a possible risk factor.
  16. Environmental Toxins: Exposure to certain chemicals might contribute.
  17. Chronic Kidney Disease: A connection between RPF and kidney problems exists.
  18. Age: It’s more common in people over 40.
  19. Gender: Men are more often affected than women.
  20. Genetics: Certain genetic factors may make someone more susceptible.

Common Symptoms of Retroperitoneal Fibrosis

Now that we know what causes RPF, let’s discuss the signs and symptoms that might indicate you have this condition. Here are 20 common symptoms:

  1. Flank Pain: Discomfort in the sides of your back.
  2. Abdominal Pain: Pain in your belly area.
  3. Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss.
  4. Fatigue: Feeling extremely tired.
  5. Fever: Elevated body temperature.
  6. Leg Swelling: Swollen legs and feet.
  7. Reduced Urination: Changes in urination frequency.
  8. Ankle Swelling: Swollen ankles.
  9. Groin Pain: Pain in the groin area.
  10. Backache: Persistent back pain.
  11. Nausea: Feeling queasy or nauseated.
  12. Vomiting: Throwing up.
  13. Constipation: Difficulty passing stool.
  14. Blood in Urine: Urine may appear bloody.
  15. High Blood Pressure: Hypertension.
  16. Loss of Appetite: Decreased hunger.
  17. Testicular Pain: Pain in the testicles (in males).
  18. Night Sweats: Excessive sweating at night.
  19. Palpable Mass: Feeling a lump in the abdomen.
  20. Digestive Issues: Problems with digestion.

How is Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Diagnosed?

Getting a proper diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Here are 20 diagnostic tests and procedures that may be used:

  1. Blood Tests: Checking for inflammation or infection.
  2. Imaging Tests: Using X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to visualize the retroperitoneal area.
  3. Biopsy: Taking a tissue sample to confirm RPF.
  4. Urine Analysis: Examining urine for abnormalities.
  5. Kidney Function Tests: Assessing how well your kidneys are working.
  6. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Test: Measuring inflammation levels.
  7. C-reactive Protein (CRP) Test: Detecting inflammation.
  8. Ultrasound: Another way to view the retroperitoneal area.
  9. PET Scan: Identifying areas of increased metabolic activity.
  10. Ureteroscopy: A scope to examine the ureters.
  11. Cystoscopy: Visualizing the bladder and urethra.
  12. Angiography: Studying blood vessels.
  13. Renal Scintigraphy: Assessing kidney function.
  14. CT Urography: Focusing on the urinary tract.
  15. Abdominal Aortography: Checking the aorta.
  16. Renal Arteriography: Examining renal arteries.
  17. Doppler Ultrasound: Evaluating blood flow.
  18. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Imaging: Detecting inflammation.
  19. Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU): Specialized MRI for the urinary system.
  20. Retrograde Pyelography: Imaging the urinary tract using contrast dye.

Treatments for Retroperitoneal Fibrosis

Once diagnosed, there are various treatments available for RPF. Here are 30 potential approaches:

  1. Corticosteroids: Medications to reduce inflammation.
  2. Immunosuppressive Drugs: Suppressing the immune system.
  3. Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications.
  4. Surgery: Removing excess tissue or correcting blockages.
  5. Stent Placement: Inserting a tube to keep ureters open.
  6. Balloon Dilation: Expanding narrowed ureters.
  7. Physical Therapy: Exercises to improve mobility.
  8. Dietary Changes: Managing symptoms through diet.
  9. Fluid Drainage: Removing excess fluids.
  10. Hormone Therapy: Adjusting hormone levels.
  11. Plasmapheresis: Filtering blood to remove harmful substances.
  12. Dialysis: Kidney function support if needed.
  13. Angioplasty: Expanding narrowed blood vessels.
  14. Anticoagulants: Preventing blood clots.
  15. Nutritional Supplements: Enhancing overall health.
  16. Lifestyle Modifications: Managing risk factors like smoking or obesity.
  17. Percutaneous Nephrostomy: Draining urine from the kidneys.
  18. Pain Management Techniques: Non-medication approaches.
  19. Ureteral Bypass: Redirecting urine flow.
  20. Cryotherapy: Freezing and destroying abnormal tissue.
  21. Laser Therapy: Using laser energy to remove tissue.
  22. Chemotherapy: For RPF associated with cancer.
  23. Radiotherapy: Targeted radiation treatment.
  24. Proton Therapy: Precise radiation therapy.
  25. Intravascular Stents: Placing stents in blood vessels.
  26. Nutrition Counseling: Guidance on a healthy diet.
  27. Fluid Restriction: Managing fluid intake.
  28. Biological Therapies: Using biological agents to treat RPF.
  29. Vascular Surgery: Addressing blood vessel problems.
  30. Behavioral Therapy: Managing stress and anxiety.

Medications for Retroperitoneal Fibrosis

Here are 20 medications that may be prescribed to manage RPF:

  1. Prednisone: A common corticosteroid.
  2. Methotrexate: An immunosuppressant.
  3. Cyclophosphamide: Suppresses the immune system.
  4. Ibuprofen: An over-the-counter pain reliever.
  5. Gabapentin: Helps with nerve-related pain.
  6. Opioids: Strong pain medications.
  7. Antibiotics: If infection is present.
  8. Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors: For high blood pressure.
  9. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs): Also for blood pressure control.
  10. Calcium Channel Blockers: Managing hypertension.
  11. Furosemide: Diuretic for fluid removal.
  12. Allopurinol: For gout prevention.
  13. Colchicine: Treats gout attacks.
  14. Warfarin: Prevents blood clots.
  15. Aspirin: Blood thinner.
  16. Heparin: Anticoagulant.
  17. Cyclosporine: Immune system suppressant.
  18. Tacrolimus: Another immunosuppressive drug.
  19. Rituximab: Used for some autoimmune conditions.
  20. Bisphosphonates: For bone health.

In conclusion, retroperitoneal fibrosis is a complex condition, but breaking it down into simple terms can help you understand it better. If you experience any symptoms or risk factors related to RPF, consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment. Remember that early detection and management can significantly improve your quality of life.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

 

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What to tell the doctor

  • Write when the problem started and how it changed.
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Questions to ask

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Tests to discuss

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Safe first steps

  • Avoid heavy lifting, sudden bending, and prolonged bed rest.
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  • Discuss physiotherapy, X-ray, or MRI only when clinically needed.

OTC medicine safety

  • For mild back pain, pain-relief medicine may be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
  • Avoid repeated painkiller use if you have kidney disease, stomach ulcer, uncontrolled blood pressure, or are taking blood thinners.

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not start antibiotics without a proper medical decision.
  • Do not use steroid tablets or injections casually for quick relief.
  • Do not delay emergency care because of home remedies.

Get urgent help if

  • Back pain with leg weakness, numbness around private area, loss of urine/stool control, fever, cancer history, or major injury needs urgent care.
Medicine names, dose, and timing must be decided by a qualified clinician or pharmacist after checking age, pregnancy, allergy, other diseases, and current medicines.

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Doctor to discuss: Orthopedic / spine specialist, physical medicine doctor, or qualified clinician
Tests to discuss with doctor
  • Neurological examination for leg power, sensation, reflexes, and straight leg raise
  • X-ray only if injury, deformity, long-lasting pain, or doctor suspects bone problem
  • MRI discussion if severe nerve symptoms, weakness, bladder/bowel problem, or persistent symptoms
Questions to ask
  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which warning signs mean I should go to emergency care?
  • Which tests are really needed now?
  • Which medicines are safe for my age, pregnancy status, allergy, kidney/liver/stomach condition, and current medicines?
  • Is physiotherapy, posture correction, or activity modification needed?

Emergency warning signs such as chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, sudden weakness, confusion, severe dehydration, major injury, or loss of bladder/bowel control need urgent medical care. Do not wait for online information.

Safe pathway to proper treatment

Care roadmap for: Retroperitoneal Fibrosis 

Use this simple roadmap to understand the next safe steps. It is educational and does not replace examination by a doctor.

Go to emergency care if you notice:
  • Severe or rapidly worsening symptoms
  • Breathing difficulty, chest pain, fainting, confusion, severe weakness, major injury, or severe dehydration
Doctor / service to discuss: Qualified healthcare provider; specialist depends on symptoms and examination.
  1. Step 1

    Check danger signs first

    If danger signs are present, seek emergency care and do not wait for online information.

  2. Step 2

    Record the symptom story

    Write when symptoms started, severity, medicines already taken, allergies, pregnancy status, and test results.

  3. Step 3

    Visit a qualified clinician

    A doctor, nurse, or qualified healthcare provider can examine you and decide which tests or treatment are needed.

  4. Step 4

    Do only useful tests

    Do tests after clinical assessment. Avoid unnecessary tests, random antibiotics, or repeated medicines without diagnosis.

  5. Step 5

    Follow up and return early if worse

    If symptoms worsen, new warning signs appear, or treatment is not helping, return for review quickly.

Rural patient practical tips
  • Take a written symptom diary and all previous prescriptions/test reports.
  • Do not hide medicines already taken, even herbal or over-the-counter medicines.
  • Ask which warning signs mean urgent referral to hospital.

This roadmap is for education. A real diagnosis and treatment plan requires history, examination, and clinical judgment.

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Frequently Asked Questions

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