A digastric muscle sprain is an injury to the small but important muscle located in the front of your neck. Although sprains are more commonly associated with ligaments, the term is sometimes used to describe injuries (often called “strains”) in muscles. This guide explains what a digastric muscle sprain is, why it occurs, how it is diagnosed and treated, and what you can do to prevent it.
Anatomy of the Digastric Muscle
The digastric muscle plays a key role in jaw movement and swallowing. It is unique because it has two separate muscle bellies connected by an intermediate tendon. Understanding its structure helps explain how an injury to this muscle can affect daily functions like speaking and eating.
Structure Location
Location: The digastric muscle is found in the neck, just beneath the jawline.
Position: It spans from the lower part of the jaw (mandible) to a small bone in the neck known as the hyoid bone.
Origin and Insertion
Anterior Belly:
Origin: Begins at the digastric fossa, a small depression in the lower jaw.
Insertion: Joins with the intermediate tendon.
Posterior Belly:
Origin: Arises from the mastoid notch on the temporal bone (located behind the ear).
Insertion: Also connects to the intermediate tendon, which then attaches to the hyoid bone.
Blood Supply
Anterior Belly: Receives blood from the submental artery.
Posterior Belly: Supplied by branches such as the posterior auricular artery.
Nerve Supply
Anterior Belly: Innervated by the mylohyoid nerve (a branch of the trigeminal nerve, CN V3).
Posterior Belly: Receives nerve signals from the facial nerve (CN VII).
Functions of the Digastric Muscle
Jaw Opening: Helps depress the mandible (lower jaw) to open your mouth.
Hyoid Elevation: Lifts the hyoid bone during swallowing.
Stabilization: Aids in stabilizing the hyoid bone.
Speech Assistance: Supports the floor of the mouth, contributing to clear speech.
Chewing Support: Works alongside other muscles to facilitate chewing.
Swallowing Coordination: Plays a role in coordinating the muscles involved in swallowing.
A digastric muscle sprain refers to an injury where the muscle fibers are stretched beyond their normal capacity or experience small tears. While “sprain” more typically refers to ligament injuries, the term is sometimes used for muscle injuries. In many cases, such injuries are more accurately called “strains.”
Types of Digastric Muscle Sprain
Though specific research on digastric muscle sprains is limited, muscle injuries in general can be categorized by severity:
Mild Sprain:
Involves small, microscopic tears in the muscle fibers.
Typically causes mild pain and slight stiffness.
Moderate Sprain:
Features more noticeable tears with pain, swelling, and reduced function.
Movement may be limited, and the discomfort can affect daily activities.
Severe Sprain:
Involves extensive tearing of the muscle fibers.
Results in significant pain, major loss of function, and may require advanced medical intervention.
Acute vs. Chronic:
Acute: Sudden injury from trauma (e.g., a fall or sports injury).
Chronic: Ongoing damage from repetitive overuse or strain.
Causes of Digastric Muscle Sprain
A variety of factors can lead to a digastric muscle sprain. Here are 20 possible causes:
Direct Trauma: A blow or impact to the neck or jaw.
Repetitive Chewing: Overuse from constant chewing or talking.
Overstretching: Exaggerated mouth opening during yawning or other movements.
Dental Procedures: Strain during dental work that affects jaw alignment.
TMJ Disorders: Problems with the temporomandibular joint that affect jaw muscles.
Sudden Neck Movements: Hyperextension of the neck during sports or accidents.
Falls or Accidents: Impact injuries that strain neck muscles.
Sports Injuries: Contact sports or high-impact activities.
Whiplash: Injuries from rapid acceleration and deceleration (e.g., car accidents).
Poor Posture: Continuous strain from slouching or improper neck alignment.
Extended Talking: Prolonged periods of speaking or public speaking.
Stress: Muscle tension due to emotional or physical stress.
Inflammatory Conditions: Diseases that cause inflammation in muscle tissues.
Malocclusion: Misaligned teeth affecting jaw function.
Post-Surgical Complications: Surgeries around the neck or jaw can lead to strain.
Bruxism: Teeth grinding that exerts pressure on the jaw muscles.
Dental Misalignment: Uneven bite stressing the muscle.
Improper Exercise Techniques: Incorrect movements during physical activity.
Genetic Factors: A predisposition to weaker connective tissues.
Infections: Rarely, infections or inflammatory diseases can weaken muscle tissue.
Symptoms of Digastric Muscle Sprain
Knowing the symptoms can help you recognize a potential digastric muscle sprain. Look for these signs:
Neck Pain: Especially near the jaw area.
Jaw Discomfort: Pain under or around the jaw.
Difficulty Opening the Mouth: Reduced range of motion.
Tenderness: Pain when the muscle area is touched.
Swelling: Noticeable inflammation around the lower jaw.
Stiffness: Limited movement in the neck and jaw.
Difficulty Swallowing: Discomfort during swallowing.
Hoarseness: Changes in voice due to muscle tension.
Muscle Spasms: Involuntary contractions causing pain.
Headaches: Pain that may radiate from the neck.
Muscle Fatigue: Tiredness in the jaw muscles.
Radiating Pain: Pain extending toward the ear.
Jaw Locking: Occasional inability to move the jaw smoothly.
Pain During Chewing: Increased discomfort when eating.
Limited Jaw Movement: Reduced ability to open or close the jaw fully.
Popping or Clicking: Sounds when moving the jaw.
Inflammation: Redness or heat in the affected area.
Temperature Sensitivity: Increased pain with hot or cold exposure.
Neck Discomfort: Pain when turning the head.
Muscle Weakness: Reduced strength affecting normal function.
Diagnostic Tests for Digastric Muscle Sprain
When a digastric muscle sprain is suspected, healthcare providers may perform a variety of tests:
Physical Examination: Palpating the neck and jaw to assess pain and tenderness.
Medical History Review: Understanding recent events or activities that could cause strain.
Range of Motion Assessment: Testing how far you can move your jaw and neck.
Visual Inspection: Looking for signs of swelling or bruising.
Ultrasound Imaging: Viewing soft tissues to detect tears or inflammation.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Detailed images to identify muscle fiber damage.
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: To rule out associated injuries.
X-rays: Primarily to exclude bone injuries or misalignments.
Electromyography (EMG): Evaluates the electrical activity of the muscle.
Nerve Conduction Studies: Assesses nerve function that might be affecting the muscle.
Palpation Tests: Locating precise areas of tenderness.
Muscle Strength Testing: Evaluating the muscle’s ability to function.
Trigger Point Examination: Identifying knots or tight spots in the muscle.
Pain Scale Evaluation: Quantifying the level of pain.
Swallowing Assessments: Determining if the injury affects swallowing.
Dental Examination: Checking for misalignment or issues in the jaw.
Jaw Movement Analysis: Observing abnormal movement patterns.
Lateral Neck X-ray: Offers another view of soft tissue alignment.
Diagnostic Injection Tests: Using local anesthetics to pinpoint pain sources.
Blood Tests: Measuring inflammation markers like C-reactive protein (CRP).
Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Digastric Muscle Sprain
For many muscle injuries, non-drug therapies are the first line of treatment. Consider these 30 strategies:
Rest: Allowing the muscle time to heal.
Ice Therapy: Applying ice packs to reduce inflammation.
Heat Therapy: Using warm compresses after the initial swelling subsides.
Compression: Gentle bandaging to minimize swelling.
Physical Therapy: Guided exercises and treatments by a specialist.
Gentle Stretching: Carefully stretching the neck and jaw muscles.
Massage Therapy: Relieving tension through professional massage.
Ultrasound Therapy: Using sound waves to promote healing.
TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation): Reducing pain via electrical impulses.
Laser Therapy: Stimulating healing in soft tissues.
Acupuncture: Inserting fine needles to relieve pain and tension.
Postural Correction Exercises: Improving neck alignment and reducing strain.
Jaw Exercises: Strengthening and improving flexibility of the jaw.
Relaxation Techniques: Such as meditation or guided imagery.
Deep Breathing Exercises: To ease overall muscle tension.
Cold Packs: For immediate pain relief and reduced inflammation.
Warm Compresses: To relax stiff muscles.
Supportive Devices: Such as a cervical collar when advised.
Yoga: Focused on gentle neck and jaw relaxation.
Pilates: To build overall strength and improve posture.
Home Exercise Programs: Tailored routines prescribed by a therapist.
Biofeedback: Learning to control muscle tension.
Trigger Point Therapy: Targeting specific painful spots.
Manual Therapy: Hands-on treatment by a skilled practitioner.
Myofascial Release: Techniques to release tight bands of muscle.
Kinesiology Taping: Providing support and reducing strain.
Ergonomic Adjustments: Modifying your workstation and daily activities.
Anti-Inflammatory Diet: Eating foods that help reduce body inflammation.
Stress Management: Reducing overall tension through mindfulness or counseling.
Hydration and Adequate Rest: Ensuring your body has the best environment for healing.
Medications for Digastric Muscle Sprain
Depending on the severity, a doctor might prescribe medications to manage pain and inflammation. Here are 20 drugs that may be used:
Ibuprofen: A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for pain relief.
Naproxen: Another NSAID effective in reducing inflammation.
Aspirin: Used for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol): For pain management when NSAIDs are unsuitable.
Cyclobenzaprine: A muscle relaxant to ease spasms.
Prednisone: A corticosteroid used in severe inflammation.
Diclofenac: Available as a tablet or topical gel.
Topical NSAIDs: Applied directly to the area.
Lidocaine Patches: For localized pain relief.
Tramadol: For moderate to severe pain relief.
Gabapentin: Sometimes used if nerve-related pain is present.
Meloxicam: An NSAID to control inflammation.
Celecoxib: A COX-2 inhibitor that offers pain relief with potentially fewer side effects.
Etoricoxib: Another COX-2 inhibitor option.
Methylprednisolone: Often given as an injection in severe cases.
Tizanidine: A muscle relaxant to reduce muscle tone.
Baclofen: Helps ease muscle spasms.
Indomethacin: An NSAID for significant pain.
Melatonin Supplements: Occasionally suggested to aid in muscle recovery (though not a primary treatment).
Vitamin D Supplements: Used if a deficiency is contributing to muscle weakness.
Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any medication.
Surgical Interventions for Digastric Muscle Sprain
Surgery is rarely needed for a sprain in the digastric muscle, but in very severe or complicated cases, the following procedures might be considered:
Muscle Repair Surgery: Suturing torn muscle fibers.
Tendon Repair Surgery: If the tendon connected to the muscle is affected.
Myofascial Release Surgery: To relieve severe tension and restore movement.
Endoscopic Muscle Release: A minimally invasive option in select cases.
Open Surgical Repair: For significant muscle damage.
Hyoid Suspension Surgery: In cases where hyoid bone support is compromised.
Neurolysis: To relieve nerve entrapment if present.
Muscle Grafting: Rarely performed to restore muscle function.
Scar Tissue Removal Surgery: To eliminate adhesions affecting movement.
Arthroscopic Procedures: If nearby joint issues are complicating the condition.
Note: These surgical options are exceptional and reserved for cases that do not respond to conservative treatment.
Prevention of Digastric Muscle Sprain
Preventing a digastric muscle sprain can often be achieved through lifestyle and ergonomic adjustments:
Warm-Up Properly: Always stretch your neck and jaw before engaging in activities that may strain these muscles.
Regular Stretching: Incorporate neck and jaw stretches into your daily routine.
Maintain Good Posture: Use ergonomic supports at work and home to reduce unnecessary strain.
Avoid Overexertion: Don’t overuse your neck muscles during extended periods of talking or chewing.
Proper Dental Care: Ensure your bite is well-aligned and seek dental advice if needed.
Ergonomic Workspace: Adjust your workstation to maintain a neutral neck position.
Use Protective Gear: Wear appropriate protection during sports or risky activities.
Avoid Sudden Neck Movements: Try to move your neck slowly and deliberately.
Manage Stress: Use relaxation techniques to reduce overall muscle tension.
Regular Check-Ups: Consult with a physical therapist if you’re prone to muscle injuries.
When to See a Doctor
It’s important to seek professional help if you experience any of the following:
Severe or Persistent Pain: If pain in the neck or jaw does not improve with rest.
Difficulty Swallowing or Breathing: This could indicate complications.
Significant Swelling or Tenderness: Especially if accompanied by limited movement.
Jaw Locking or Inability to Open the Mouth Fully: Which may interfere with eating or speaking.
Worsening Symptoms Despite Home Treatment: Early intervention can prevent complications.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: What is a digastric muscle sprain?
A: It is an injury where the fibers of the digastric muscle—located under your jaw—are overstretched or torn, leading to pain and reduced function.
Q2: What causes a digastric muscle sprain?
A: Causes include trauma, overuse from excessive chewing or talking, sudden neck movements, dental procedures, poor posture, and even stress.
Q3: How common is this condition?
A: Digastric muscle sprains are rare compared to other neck injuries; however, they can occur when there is significant strain or trauma to the area.
Q4: What are the typical symptoms?
A: Common symptoms include pain in the neck and jaw, difficulty opening the mouth, swelling, stiffness, muscle spasms, and sometimes headaches.
Q5: How is a digastric muscle sprain diagnosed?
A: Doctors diagnose it through a physical exam, review of your medical history, imaging tests (like ultrasound or MRI), and assessments of jaw movement and muscle strength.
Q6: Can a digastric muscle sprain heal on its own?
A: Mild sprains often heal with rest and non-pharmacological treatments, but moderate to severe injuries may require professional intervention.
Q7: How long does recovery take?
A: Recovery time can vary from a few days to several weeks, depending on the injury’s severity and adherence to treatment.
Q8: What non-drug treatments are most effective?
A: Treatments such as rest, ice/heat therapy, physical therapy, massage, and gentle stretching are commonly recommended.
Q9: Which medications are typically prescribed?
A: NSAIDs (like ibuprofen), muscle relaxants (such as cyclobenzaprine), and in some cases corticosteroids are used to manage pain and inflammation.
Q10: Is surgery ever required?
A: Surgery is very rarely needed and is reserved for extreme cases that do not respond to conservative treatments.
Q11: Can the injury recur?
A: Yes, if you do not follow preventive measures or if the muscle is repeatedly overused, the injury may recur.
Q12: What activities should I avoid during recovery?
A: Avoid heavy chewing, prolonged talking, and any sudden or jerky movements that stress the neck or jaw.
Q13: How does poor posture affect this muscle?
A: Poor posture can place extra strain on the neck muscles, including the digastric muscle, increasing the risk of injury over time.
Q14: Are there lifestyle changes that can help prevent future sprains?
A: Yes. Maintaining good posture, regular stretching, stress management, and ensuring an ergonomic work environment can help prevent injury.
Q15: When should I seek medical help?
A: Consult a doctor if you experience severe pain, difficulties with swallowing or breathing, or if your symptoms worsen despite home treatments.
Conclusion
A digastric muscle sprain, while not a common injury, can have a noticeable impact on everyday functions like chewing, swallowing, and speaking. Understanding the anatomy of the digastric muscle and recognizing the signs of injury are key to managing the condition.
Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. Regular check-ups and awareness can help to manage and prevent complications associated with these diseases conditions. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. We always try to ensure that the content is regularly updated to reflect the latest medical research and treatment options. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.
