Drugs of Abuse Induced Kidney Disease
Drugs of abuse can harm the kidneys in various ways. Understanding how these substances affect kidney health is crucial for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Pathophysiology Structure of the ...
Rx Urology
Kidney Disease Induced by Down Syndrome
Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. This can lead to various health issues, including kidney disease. In this guide, we will explore Down syndrome ...
Djenkol Bean Poisoning
Djenkol beans, known scientifically as Archidendron jiringa, are large, dark-brown seeds from the Southeast Asian tree. They are often used in traditional dishes but can be toxic if consumed in large ...
Diuresis
Diuresis is the process through which your body produces urine. When you have increased urine production, it’s known as excessive diuresis. This can be a sign of various health conditions or ...
Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis
Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis (DMS) is a rare kidney disorder that affects how the kidneys filter waste from the blood. This condition can lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated ...
Dietary Supplements Induce Renal Failure
Dietary supplements are products that people take to enhance their health. They can include vitamins, minerals, herbs, and other natural substances. While many people use them for various health ...
Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a rare condition characterized by frequent urination and excessive thirst. Unlike diabetes mellitus, which involves high blood sugar, DI is related to problems with the ...
Diabetic Kidney Disease
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes. It occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the kidneys, affecting their ability to filter waste from the blood. This article ...
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome (DDS) is a condition that can occur during or after dialysis, particularly in patients undergoing hemodialysis. It involves a rapid change in the body’s balance of ...
DHA Crystalline Nephropathy
DHA Crystalline Nephropathy is a kidney condition that results from the accumulation of certain crystals in the kidneys. This can lead to kidney damage and various health issues. In this article, we ...
Dent Disease
Dent Disease is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the kidneys. It leads to various problems, particularly in the renal tubules, which are essential for filtering blood and maintaining a ...
X-linked Recessive Nephrolithiasis
X-linked Recessive Nephrolithiasis is a rare genetic disorder that affects kidney stone formation. It primarily affects males, as the gene responsible for this condition is located on the X ...
Dense Deposit Disease
Dense Deposit Disease (DDD) is a rare kidney condition affecting the glomeruli, which are tiny filters in the kidneys. This guide will help you understand DDD, including its causes, symptoms, ...
Deferasirox Nephrotoxicity
Deferasirox is a medication used to treat iron overload in patients, particularly those who receive frequent blood transfusions, such as individuals with thalassemia or sickle cell disease. It works ...
Dasatinib-Induced Nephrotic-Range Proteinuria
Dasatinib is a medication commonly used to treat certain types of blood cancers, particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). While effective, it can lead to a condition known as nephrotic-range ...
Cystinuria
Cystic kidney cystinuria is a condition that affects the kidneys and how they handle certain amino acids. This guide will explore the details of this condition, including its causes, symptoms, ...
Cystic Kidney Disease
Cystic Kidney Disease is a condition where fluid-filled sacs (cysts) form in the kidneys. These cysts can affect kidney function and lead to various health issues. There are different types of cystic ...
Crystal Meth-Associated Cortical Necrosis
Crystal Meth, or methamphetamine, is a powerful and highly addictive stimulant that affects the brain and central nervous system. One of the serious health issues linked to prolonged use of this drug ...
Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis
Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare condition where certain immune cells called histiocytes accumulate abnormal crystals. These crystals can interfere with the body’s normal functions. This ...
Acute Kidney Injury
Crystal-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a condition where the kidneys become damaged due to the formation of crystals from substances in the blood. This can lead to serious health issues if not ...
Crystalglobulin-Induced Nephropathy
Crystalglobulin-Induced Nephropathy is a rare kidney condition caused by the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the kidneys, leading to damage. This article will explain the pathophysiology, types, ...
Cryoglobulinemia
Cryoglobulinemia is a medical condition where proteins called cryoglobulins become solid or gel-like at cold temperatures. This can lead to various health issues, especially affecting the skin, blood ...
Cryocrystalglobulinemia
Cryocrystalglobulinemia is a rare condition characterized by the presence of abnormal proteins in the blood called cryoglobulins. These proteins can precipitate or form crystals when exposed to cold ...
Crizotinib-related Acute Kidney Injury
Crizotinib is a medication used to treat certain types of cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has specific genetic mutations (like ALK and ROS1). It works by blocking certain ...
Cortical Necrosis
Cortical necrosis is a serious medical condition where there is a loss of brain tissue in the cerebral cortex due to various factors, primarily blood supply issues. This guide will explore the ...
COVID-19 Associated Kidney Failure
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been linked to various complications, one of which is kidney failure. Understanding how COVID-19 affects the kidneys is ...
Copper Sulphate Intoxication
Copper sulphate is a blue crystalline solid commonly used in agriculture, industry, and laboratories. However, exposure to high levels can lead to copper sulphate intoxication, a serious condition ...
Contrast Nephropathy
Contrast Nephropathy, also known as Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN), is a type of kidney damage that can occur after someone receives contrast dye. This dye is used in imaging tests, like X-rays ...
Saldino-Mainzer Disease
Saldino-Mainzer Disease is a rare genetic disorder that affects multiple systems in the body. This guide provides a detailed overview of the disease, including its definitions, pathophysiology, ...
Mainzer-Saldino Syndrome
Mainzer-Saldino Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects multiple parts of the body. Named after the doctors who first described it, this syndrome primarily impacts the kidneys, eyes, and ...
Conorenal Syndrome
Conorenal Syndrome is a hypothetical medical condition characterized by the simultaneous involvement of the cone structures (such as those in the eye) and the renal (kidney) systems. This syndrome ...
What is Congestive Renal Failure?
Congestive Renal Failure is a serious medical condition where the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood. This leads to a buildup of toxins and fluid ...
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome (CNS)
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome (CNS) is a rare kidney disorder present at birth. It causes the body to lose large amounts of protein in the urine, leading to swelling (edema), especially in the legs, ...
Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary Tract
Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract are birth defects that affect the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. These conditions can vary widely in severity, from minor structural differences that ...
Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney
Congenital anomalies of the kidney are structural or functional defects present at birth affecting the kidneys. These anomalies can range from mild to severe and may impact a child's health and ...
What is 7,20-Lyase Deficiency?
7,20-Lyase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body’s ability to produce certain hormones essential for normal development and metabolism. This condition primarily impacts the ...
17-Alpha-Hydroxylase
17-Alpha-Hydroxylase is an essential enzyme in the human body, primarily involved in the production of steroid hormones. These hormones include cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones like estrogen ...
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of inherited genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands, which are small organs located above each kidney. These glands produce vital hormones, ...
Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) Related Nephropathy
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) has revolutionized the treatment of HIV/AIDS, significantly improving the quality of life and lifespan of those infected. However, like all medications, cART ...
Collapsing Glomerulopathy
Collapsing Glomerulopathy is a severe form of kidney disease that affects the glomeruli—the tiny filtering units within the kidneys. Unlike other kidney conditions, collapsing glomerulopathy is ...
Collagenofibrotic Glomerulopathy
Collagenofibrotic Glomerulopathy is a rare kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, which are tiny filtering units in the kidneys. In this condition, abnormal collagen (a protein that provides ...
Colistin Nephrotoxicity
Colistin nephrotoxicity is a significant concern for patients undergoing treatment with colistin, a powerful antibiotic used to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Understanding its ...
What is Cold Diuresis?
Cold diuresis is a medical condition where the body produces more urine than usual in response to cold temperatures. Understanding cold diuresis is essential, especially for individuals living in ...
Cocaine-Induced Kidney Nephrotoxicity
Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug that can have severe adverse effects on various organs in the body, including the kidneys. Kidney nephrotoxicity refers to the damage caused to the kidneys, ...
Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy drug effective in treating various cancers. However, one of its significant side effects is nephrotoxicity, which refers to kidney damage. Understanding ...
Ciliopathy
Ciliopathy refers to a group of genetic disorders caused by defects in the function or structure of cilia. Cilia are tiny, hair-like structures present on the surface of many cells in the body. They ...
What is Chyluria?
Chyluria is a medical condition characterized by the presence of chyle in the urine, giving it a milky or creamy appearance. This condition occurs when there is an abnormal connection between the ...
Churg–Strauss Syndrome
Churg–Strauss Syndrome, now known as Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), is a rare autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis). This inflammation can ...
What Are Cholesterol Emboli?
Cholesterol emboli are small particles of cholesterol that break free from plaque deposits in your arteries and travel through your bloodstream. These particles can lodge in tiny blood vessels, ...
Chinese Herbal Medicine Nephropathy
Chinese Herbal Medicine Nephropathy is a condition affecting the kidneys, often associated with the use of certain herbal remedies. This guide provides detailed information about its definitions, ...
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a sudden episode of kidney failure or kidney damage that happens within a few hours or days. It causes a build-up of waste products in your blood and makes it hard for ...
Chinese Herbal Medicines Nephrotoxicity
Chinese herbal medicines have been used for centuries to promote health and treat various ailments. However, like all medications, they can have side effects, including nephrotoxicity—the potential ...
CFHR5 Nephropathy
CFHR5 nephropathy is a rare kidney disease caused by mutations in the CFHR5 gene. This condition affects the kidneys' ability to filter blood properly, leading to various symptoms and potential ...
Carfilzomib-Induced Renal Injury
Carfilzomib is a medication commonly used to treat multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. While effective, it can sometimes lead to serious side effects, including renal (kidney) injury. ...
Cardiorenal Syndrome
Cardiorenal syndrome is a medical condition where the heart and kidneys don't work well together. When one organ is not functioning properly, it can lead to problems in the other. This condition ...
Carconoid Renal Failure Syndrome
Carconoid Renal Failure Syndrome is a medical condition characterized by the progressive loss of kidney function. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products from the blood, ...
Carbon Disulfide Renal Injury
Carbon disulfide (CS₂) is a volatile chemical widely used in industrial processes like the production of viscose rayon and cellophane. Exposure to carbon disulfide can lead to various health issues, ...
Capillary Leak Syndrome
Capillary Leak Syndrome (CLS) is a rare but serious medical condition characterized by the sudden leakage of fluids and proteins from the blood vessels into surrounding tissues. This can lead to ...
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is a condition characterized by recurrent episodes of severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in individuals who use cannabis regularly. While cannabis is ...
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Acute Renal Failure
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is an increasingly recognized condition linked to chronic cannabis use, characterized by severe vomiting and abdominal pain. In some cases, CHS can lead to ...
Callilepsis Laureola Poisoning
Callilepsis Laureola Poisoning is a rare and potentially serious condition caused by exposure to toxins from the Callilepsis laureola species. Understanding this poisoning is crucial for timely ...
Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity
Calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity is a medical condition that affects the kidneys, often caused by certain medications known as calcineurin inhibitors. This guide aims to explain what calcineurin ...
Calyceal Diverticulum
A calyceal diverticulum is a rare kidney condition where a pouch or cavity forms within the kidney's calyces, which are the chambers that collect urine before it moves to the ureter. Understanding ...
Congenital Urologic Anomalies
Congenital anomalies of the urologic tract are structural defects present at birth affecting the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These conditions can impact urine flow and kidney function, ...
Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney
Congenital anomalies of the kidney are birth defects that affect the structure and function of the kidneys. These conditions can range from mild, causing no noticeable symptoms, to severe, leading to ...
What is C4 Glomerulopathy?
C4 Glomerulopathy is a rare kidney disease affecting the glomeruli, which are tiny filtering units within your kidneys. This guide breaks down everything you need to know about C4 Glomerulopathy in ...
Monoclonal Gammopathy
Monoclonal gammopathy is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal production of a single type of antibody, known as a monoclonal protein or M-protein. This condition can be benign or a ...
C3 Glomerulopathy
C3 Glomerulopathy is a rare kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, which are tiny filtering units within your kidneys. This guide provides an in-depth look into C3 Glomerulopathy, covering ...
C1q Nephropathy
C1q Nephropathy is a rare kidney disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of C1q proteins in the kidneys. This condition can lead to various kidney-related issues, including proteinuria ...
Byetta-Related Renal Failure
Byetta is a medication used to help manage blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. While effective, like all medications, Byetta can have side effects. One serious concern is its potential ...
Burnt Sugarcane Harvesting Syndrome
Burnt Sugarcane Harvesting Syndrome refers to a collection of health issues that arise from the exposure to smoke, heat, and physical strain associated with burning sugarcane fields and the ...
What is BRASH Syndrome?
BRASH Syndrome is a medical condition that combines several serious health issues into one complex syndrome. This guide breaks down what BRASH Syndrome is, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, ...
Bourbon Virus Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a sudden decline in kidney function, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood. While various factors can cause AKI, infections like the Bourbon virus ...
Border-Crossers’ Nephropathy
Border-Crossers’ Nephropathy is a kidney disease affecting individuals who frequently cross borders, such as migrants, laborers, and refugees. This condition is increasingly recognized due to the ...
Bladder Tamponade
Bladder tamponade is a medical condition where there is an obstruction or pressure preventing normal urine flow from the bladder. This can lead to serious complications if not addressed promptly. ...
Bladder Sphincter Dyssynergia
Bladder Sphincter Dyssynergia is a condition where the bladder and the sphincter muscles do not coordinate properly during urination. This lack of coordination can lead to difficulties in emptying ...
Bladder Rupture
A bladder rupture is a serious medical condition that occurs when the bladder, a hollow organ that stores urine, gets torn or damaged. This can lead to urine leaking into the abdominal cavity, which ...
BK Polyoma Virus Nephropathy
BK Polyoma Virus Nephropathy (BKVN) is a kidney condition caused by the BK virus. This virus is usually harmless but can become a problem for people with weakened immune systems, such as kidney ...
Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome
Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome (BHDS) is a rare genetic condition that affects the skin, lungs, and kidneys. It is named after the three doctors who first described it: Birt, Hogg, and Dubé. Individuals ...
Bile Cast Nephropathy (BCN)
Bile Cast Nephropathy (BCN) is a kidney condition that occurs when bile pigments accumulate in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. This condition is often associated with liver problems and can ...
β-Thalassemia Renal Disease
β-Thalassemia is a blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia. When it affects the kidneys, it can result in complications such as kidney damage and ...
Beeturia
Beeturia is a medical condition characterized by the presence of red or pink urine after consuming beets or foods containing beets. This harmless phenomenon occurs in some individuals due to the ...
Beer Potomania
Beer potomania is a condition caused by excessive beer consumption, leading to a unique form of hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood). Understanding this condition is vital for individuals ...
Bath Salts Kidney Injury
Bath salts are synthetic drugs that can be harmful, leading to various health issues, including kidney injury. This article will cover the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and ...
Bartter Syndrome
Bartter Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the kidneys' ability to conserve salt. This condition leads to an imbalance of electrolytes in the body, particularly affecting sodium, ...
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects many parts of the body. It can cause problems with vision, weight, kidneys, and even learning. People with BBS often share certain ...
Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia
Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia (ADH) is a genetic condition that leads to low levels of calcium in the blood. This article aims to explain the condition in simple terms, covering its causes, ...
Fistulas of the Urologic Tract
A fistula in the urologic tract is an abnormal connection between two organs or vessels that normally do not connect. In the context of urology, this typically involves the urinary tract and other ...
Arteriovenous Malformations
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal connections between arteries and veins that bypass the capillary system. When they occur in the urologic tract, they can lead to various health issues. ...
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN) is a rare kidney disease primarily found in the Balkans, particularly in rural areas of countries like Serbia, Bosnia, and Romania. The condition causes gradual ...
Chinese Herbal Nephropathy
Chinese Herbal Nephropathy refers to kidney diseases treated using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and herbal remedies. This approach focuses on balancing the body's energy (Qi) and restoring ...
Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy
Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy (AAN) is a type of kidney disease caused by exposure to aristolochic acid, a compound found in some plants used in traditional medicine. This condition can lead to ...
Dihydroxyadenine Nephropathy
Dihydroxyadenine Nephropathy (DHAN) is a rare kidney disorder caused by the accumulation of dihydroxyadenine (DHA) crystals in the kidneys. This buildup occurs due to a deficiency in an enzyme called ...
Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndrome
AME syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to regulate salt and water balance. This leads to high blood pressure and low potassium levels.Pathophysiology...
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a serious kidney condition characterized by a swift loss of kidney function. It primarily affects the glomeruli, the tiny filters in your kidneys ...
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disease that affects the tiny filtering units in the kidneys, called glomeruli. The term "focal" means that not all glomeruli are affected, and ...
Anti-TNF-α Therapy-related Glomerulonephritis
Anti-TNF-α therapy refers to treatments that block tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a substance in the body that causes inflammation. This therapy is commonly used for autoimmune diseases like ...
Anti-Brush Border Nephropathy
Anti-Brush Border Nephropathy (ABBN) is a type of kidney disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the brush border of the kidney's tubules. This can lead to kidney damage and affects ...
Anti-LRP2 Nephropathy
Anti-LRP2 nephropathy is a rare kidney disease characterized by the body producing antibodies against LRP2 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2), a protein that plays a crucial role in ...
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own phospholipids, a type of fat that is crucial for normal cell function. This can ...
Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy
Anticoagulant-related nephropathy is a condition that affects the kidneys due to the use of anticoagulant medications, which are drugs that help prevent blood clots. This article will explore the ...
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a serious kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, which are tiny filtering units in the kidneys. This article will provide a comprehensive ...
Anabolic Steroid Abuse
Anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of testosterone, the male sex hormone. While they can be used to treat certain medical conditions, many people abuse them for performance enhancement in ...
Angiomyolipoma
Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare type of tumor that usually occurs in the kidneys. It is made up of three types of tissues: blood vessels (angio), smooth muscle (myo), and fat (lipoma). Though benign ...
Alkaptonuria
Alkaptonuria is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body’s ability to break down a substance called homogentisic acid. This acid builds up in the body, leading to various symptoms and ...
Alagille Syndrome
Alagille Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects multiple systems in the body, primarily the liver, heart, and kidneys. It is named after Dr. Daniel Alagille, who first described the condition in ...
Adenovirus Nephritis
Adenovirus nephritis is a kidney inflammation caused by an adenovirus infection. Adenoviruses are common viruses that can lead to various illnesses, primarily affecting the respiratory system, but ...
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency (APRT deficiency) is a rare genetic disorder that affects how the body processes adenine, a nucleobase (part of DNA and RNA). This deficiency leads to an ...
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) is a serious condition affecting the kidneys. It occurs when the tiny tubes in the kidneys (called renal tubules) get damaged, leading to a decrease in kidney function. ...
Acute Phosphate Nephropathy
Acute Phosphate Nephropathy (APN) is a condition where the kidneys become damaged due to high levels of phosphate in the blood. This can happen when a person takes too much phosphate from supplements ...
Acute Lobar Nephronia
Acute Lobar Nephronia is a condition where there is inflammation in one part (lobe) of the kidney, often caused by a bacterial infection. It can lead to serious complications if not treated properly. ...
Renal Hypouricemia
Renal hypouricemia is a condition where the kidneys excrete too much uric acid. Uric acid is a waste product created when the body breaks down purines, which are found in certain foods and drinks. In ...
