Vasomotor Nephropathy
Vasomotor nephropathy is a kidney condition characterized by abnormalities in blood flow regulation to the kidneys. This can lead to various kidney problems, affecting their ability to filter ...
Rx Urology
Vancomycin-Associated Cast Nephropathy
Vancomycin-Associated Cast Nephropathy (VAN) is a type of kidney damage that occurs due to the antibiotic vancomycin. It’s rare but serious, often affecting people who receive high doses of ...
Uromodulin-Associated Kidney Disease (UAKD)
Uromodulin-Associated Kidney Disease (UAKD) is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects kidney function. It results from mutations in the gene that codes for a protein called uromodulin, also ...
Urogenital Fistula
A urogenital fistula is an abnormal connection between the urinary tract and the genital tract. It allows urine to leak from the bladder or urethra into the vagina, which can lead to continuous ...
Urinary Tract Obstruction
Urinary tract obstruction refers to any blockage in the pathway of urine flow. This obstruction can occur anywhere in the urinary tract, from the kidneys, ureters, bladder, to the urethra. The ...
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary incontinence is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It involves the involuntary leakage of urine, which can lead to social embarrassment, hygiene issues, and a ...
Urethral Stricture
The urethra is a vital part of the urinary system. In males, it runs through the penis and also serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation. In females, the urethra is shorter and opens just ...
Urethral Caruncle
A urethral caruncle is a small, benign growth that appears at the external opening of the urethra, predominantly in postmenopausal women.This condition arises due to various factors, including ...
Ureterocele
Ureterocele is a medical condition characterized by a balloon-like swelling at the lower end of the ureter, where it enters the bladder. It is a congenital disorder, meaning it is present at birth, ...
Ureteritis
The exact mechanism leading to ureteritis cystica remains unclear, but it is believed to result from chronic inflammation or irritation of the urothelium (the lining of the urinary tract). This ...
Uremic Optic Neuropathy (UON)
Uremic Optic Neuropathy (UON) is a rare condition that results from the accumulation of uremic toxins in the body due to kidney failure, which damages the optic nerve, leading to vision problems. In ...
Cortical Blindness
Cortical blindness is a rare condition that occurs when the brain’s visual processing areas are damaged, resulting in partial or complete loss of vision. Unlike other types of blindness, the eyes and ...
Uremic Encephalopathy
Uremic encephalopathy is a serious medical condition that affects the brain due to the buildup of toxins in the blood, commonly caused by kidney failure. The term “uremic” relates to urea, a waste ...
Uremia
Uremia is a medical condition that occurs when waste products, normally excreted in urine, build up in the blood because of kidney dysfunction. It’s often seen in people with severe kidney disease or ...
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) is a serious condition that can occur after cancer treatment. It happens when cancer cells break down rapidly, releasing their contents into the blood. This can ...
Proximal Tubule Brush Border Diseases
The proximal tubule is an essential part of the kidney that helps filter blood and remove waste. When diseases affect the brush border of the proximal tubule, it can lead to various health ...
Immune Complex Tubulointerstitial Nephritis (ICTN)
Immune Complex Tubulointerstitial Nephritis (ICTN) is a kidney condition where the tubules and interstitium (the spaces around the kidney tubules) become inflamed due to immune complex ...
Tubular Dysgenesis
Tubular Dysgenesis is a rare and severe congenital disorder affecting the development of the kidneys and urinary system. This guide provides a detailed yet straightforward overview of Tubular ...
TSC2/PKD1 Contiguous Gene Syndrome
TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome is a rare genetic disorder resulting from the deletion of a segment of chromosome 16 that includes both the TSC2 and PKD1 genes. This syndrome combines features of ...
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. This comprehensive guide aims to provide a clear and ...
Tuberous Sclerosis
Tuberous Sclerosis is a complex genetic disorder that affects multiple systems in the body. This guide provides a detailed yet straightforward overview of Tuberous Sclerosis, covering its definition, ...
Genitourinary Tuberculosis
Genitourinary Tuberculosis (GU Tuberculosis) is a form of tuberculosis that affects the urinary system and the male and female genital organs. It's caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ...
Genitourinary Diseases
Genitourinary diseases affect the genital and urinary systems in both men and women. These conditions can impact daily life, causing discomfort and health issues. Understanding genitourinary ...
Trigonitis
Trigonitis refers to the inflammation of the trigone, a triangular area located at the base of the bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits. This region plays a crucial role in urinary ...
Autosomal Dominant Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Autosomal Dominant Thrombotic Microangiopathy (ADTM) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the small blood vessels in the body. This condition can lead to various health issues, including problems ...
TREX1 Mutation Diseases
TREX1 stands for Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1, which is a gene that provides instructions for making an enzyme involved in DNA repair. This enzyme helps maintain the integrity of our genetic ...
Trench Nephritis
Trench Nephritis is a medical condition that affects the kidneys, leading to impaired kidney function. Historically associated with soldiers in trench warfare, particularly during World War I, this ...
Thrombotic Microangiopathy Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy
Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy is a complex medical condition that involves small blood clots forming in the blood vessels, which can lead to various health ...
Benign Familial Hematuria
Benign Familial Hematuria, also known as Thin Basement Membrane Disease (TBMD), is a common and generally harmless condition characterized by blood in the urine (hematuria). This condition is often ...
Thin Basement Membrane Disease
Thin Basement Membrane Disease (TBMD) is a kidney condition that often goes unnoticed due to its mild symptoms. This guide breaks down everything you need to know about TBMD in simple terms, making ...
Tenofovir-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Tenofovir is an antiviral medication commonly used to treat HIV and hepatitis B. While effective, it can sometimes cause kidney damage, known as nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity means toxicity in the ...
Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia is a medical condition characterized by low levels of sodium in the blood. Sodium is essential for maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle function. This guide provides a ...
TAFRO Syndrome
TAFRO Syndrome is a rare and complex medical condition that has gained attention in recent years due to its unique combination of symptoms. TAFRO is an acronym that stands for Thrombocytopenia, ...
Kidney Disease Related to Stem Cell Transplantation
Stem cell transplantation is a life-saving procedure for many patients battling severe diseases like leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. However, like all medical treatments, it comes with ...
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Induced Kidney Disease:
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) is a life-saving procedure for patients with various blood disorders, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. However, like all medical ...
Synthetic Cannabinoid-Induced Kidney Injury
Synthetic cannabinoids, often referred to as "synthetic marijuana" or by street names like Spice or K2, have gained popularity over the years. While marketed as a legal alternative to natural ...
Star Fruit Nephrotoxicity
Star Fruit Nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage caused by consuming star fruit (Averrhoa carambola). While star fruit is delicious and packed with nutrients, it contains substances like oxalate and ...
Sri Lankan Farmers’ Kidney Disease
Sri Lankan Farmers’ Kidney Disease (SLFKD) is a significant health concern affecting many farmers in Sri Lanka. This condition primarily impacts the kidneys, essential organs responsible for ...
Sjögren’s Syndrome and Renal Disease
Renal Disease, also known as kidney disease, involves damage to the kidneys that impairs their ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. This can lead to a buildup of waste in the ...
Silica Exposure Kidney Disease
Silica exposure kidney disease is a health condition caused by inhaling silica dust, leading to kidney damage. This article explains what it is, its causes, symptoms, treatments, and more in simple ...
Sickle Cell Nephropathy
Sickle Cell Nephropathy (SCN) is a kidney-related complication that arises in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). This guide provides a detailed yet simple overview of SCN, including its ...
Sézary Syndrom
Sézary Syndrome is a rare and aggressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a type of cancer that originates from T lymphocytes, a crucial component of the immune system. This condition is ...
Exner Syndrome
Exner Syndrome, also known as Exner's disease or pityriasis rubra pilaris, is a rare chronic skin disorder. It affects the skin's ability to renew itself properly, leading to red, scaly patches and ...
Serpentine Fibula-Polycystic Kidney Syndrome
Serpentine Fibula-Polycystic Kidney Syndrome (SFPKS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects both the fibula bone in the leg and the kidneys. "Serpentine" refers to the winding or unusual shape of ...
Scleroderma Renal Crisis
Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication associated with systemic sclerosis, a chronic autoimmune disease. This guide provides detailed information ...
Schimke Immuno-Osseous Dysplasia
Schimke Immuno-Osseous Dysplasia (SIOD) is a rare, inherited disorder that affects multiple parts of the body, including the immune system, bones, and kidneys. This guide provides a detailed yet ...
Glomerular Disease
Glomerular disease refers to a group of conditions that damage the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units within your kidneys. These diseases can impair the kidneys' ability to filter blood effectively, ...
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a significant parasitic disease affecting millions worldwide. This guide provides an in-depth look into Schistosomiasis, covering its definition, ...
Saturday Night Acute Kidney Injury
Saturday Night Acute Kidney Injury" and wondered what it means? You're not alone. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a serious medical condition that can occur suddenly, sometimes due to activities that ...
Salt Wasting Renal Disease
Salt Wasting Renal Disease is a condition where the kidneys lose an excessive amount of salt (sodium) through urine. This can lead to an imbalance in the body’s electrolytes, causing various health ...
Sarcoidosis Renal Disease
Sarcoidosis Renal Disease is a condition where sarcoidosis, an inflammatory disease, affects the kidneys. This guide provides an easy-to-understand overview of its definitions, causes, symptoms, ...
Rucaparib and Increased Creatinine
Rucaparib is a targeted cancer therapy, specifically a PARP inhibitor, used primarily to treat ovarian and other cancers. While effective, it can lead to an increase in creatinine levels, a marker ...
Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Renal Disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and potential joint damage. However, RA can also impact other organs, ...
Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition that involves the breakdown of muscle tissue, leading to the release of muscle fiber contents into the bloodstream. This guide provides an in-depth look ...
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis (RPF) is a rare condition characterized by the development of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneal space—the area in the back of the abdomen behind the peritoneum, which is ...
What is Circumcaval Ureter?
Circumcaval ureter is a rare congenital condition affecting the urinary system, where the ureter (the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder) wraps around the inferior vena cava (a ...
Retrocaval Ureter
Retrocaval Ureter, also known as circumcaval ureter, is a rare congenital condition where the ureter (the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder) passes behind the inferior vena cava ...
What is Reset Osmostat?
Reset Osmostat is a medical condition affecting the body’s ability to regulate water and electrolyte balance, particularly sodium levels. This guide provides an in-depth look into reset osmostat, ...
Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor
Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor is a rare kidney tumor that arises from the juxtaglomerular cells, which are specialized cells located near the glomeruli in the kidneys. These cells play a crucial role in ...
Renin-Secreting Tumors
Renin-secreting tumors are rare but significant medical conditions that can disrupt your body's balance of fluids and electrolytes. This guide provides an in-depth look at these tumors, including ...
Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease (ADTKD)
Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease (ADTKD) is a group of inherited kidney disorders that primarily affect the tubules and interstitial tissue of the kidneys. This guide provides an ...
Renin Mutation Diseases
Renin mutation diseases are rare genetic disorders that affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a critical hormone system regulating blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. ...
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) is a condition where the kidneys fail to properly acidify the urine. Normally, kidneys help maintain the body's acid-base balance by excreting excess acids or bases. In ...
Renal Sinus Lipomatosis
Renal Sinus Lipomatosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fat within the renal sinus, a central area within the kidney that houses important structures such as blood ...
Renal Osteodystrophy
Renal Osteodystrophy is a bone disease that arises due to chronic kidney disease (CKD). It disrupts the balance of minerals in the blood, particularly calcium and phosphorus, leading to weakened ...
Renal Infarction Due to Amyloidosis
Renal infarction is a serious medical condition where blood flow to the kidneys is blocked, leading to kidney damage. When this blockage is caused by amyloidosis—a condition characterized by abnormal ...
Renal Infarction
Renal infarction is a serious medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to a kidney is suddenly blocked, leading to tissue damage or death. Understanding renal infarction is crucial for ...
Exercise-Induced Acute Renal Failure
Exercise-induced acute renal failure is a temporary decline in kidney function that can occur after intense physical activity. This condition can affect anyone, especially athletes or those who ...
Renal Hypouricemia
Renal hypouricemia is a condition where the kidneys excrete too much uric acid. Uric acid is a waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, which are found in certain foods and drinks. When ...
Renal Cysts
A renal cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms in or on the kidneys. These cysts can vary in size and may be solitary (one cyst) or multiple (many cysts). They are often discovered incidentally during ...
Renal Cell Cancer
Renal cell cancer, or kidney cancer, begins in the lining of the kidney's tubules. These are small tubes that help filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. When cells in the kidney grow out of ...
Renal Artery Stenosis
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a narrowing of one or both renal arteries, which supply blood to the kidneys. This condition can lead to high blood pressure and decreased kidney function. ...
Renal Artery Dissection
Renal artery dissection is a rare but serious condition where a tear occurs in the inner layer of the renal artery. This can lead to reduced blood flow to the kidneys and various health issues. ...
Renal Artery Aneurysms
A renal artery aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of the renal artery, which supplies blood to the kidneys. It can lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated ...
Renal Arcuate Vein Microthrombi-Associated AKI
Renal Arcuate Vein Microthrombi-Associated AKI is a type of acute kidney injury caused by tiny blood clots (microthrombi) in the renal arcuate veins. These clots can block blood flow, harming the ...
Renal Agenesis
Renal agenesis is a medical condition where one or both kidneys fail to develop properly before birth. This means that a person may be born with one kidney (unilateral renal agenesis) or no kidneys ...
Peripnephric Abscesses
A peripnephric abscess is a collection of pus that forms around the kidney (known as the perirenal area). This condition usually occurs due to an infection that spreads from nearby organs, such as ...
Renal Abscess
A renal abscess is a collection of pus in the kidneys caused by infection. This condition can be serious and needs proper treatment. In this article, we will explore everything you need to know about ...
Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease (ADTKD)
Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease (ADTKD) is a genetic condition that primarily affects the kidneys. This disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that if one ...
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a serious kidney condition that involves inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny filters in the kidneys. This inflammation can lead to a rapid ...
Reflux Nephropathy
Reflux nephropathy is a kidney condition that occurs when urine flows backward from the bladder into the kidneys. This backward flow can cause damage to the kidneys over time. In this article, we ...
Refeeding Syndrome
Refeeding syndrome is a serious medical condition that can occur when someone who has been malnourished or in a state of starvation starts to eat again. This guide will break down everything you need ...
Kidney Issues Related to Ranolazine
Ranolazine is a medication primarily used to treat chronic chest pain (angina) caused by heart disease. It works by improving blood flow to help the heart work more efficiently.Ranolazine helps ...
Radiation Nephropathy
Radiation nephropathy refers to kidney damage caused by exposure to radiation. It often occurs in patients undergoing radiation therapy for cancer. This guide explains its causes, symptoms, ...
Pyonephrosis
Pyonephrosis is a medical condition characterized by the presence of pus in the kidney. This usually occurs due to an infection that leads to the buildup of pus and can result in severe complications ...
Kidney Infections
A kidney infection, also known as pyelonephritis, is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that can affect one or both kidneys. It usually starts in the bladder or urethra and travels up to the ...
Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis is a type of kidney infection that can be serious if not treated. It happens when bacteria reach the kidneys, often through the urinary tract. Understanding this condition is crucial ...
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome (PUBS) is a rare condition characterized by the discoloration of urine, specifically when it turns purple in patients using indwelling catheters. This phenomenon occurs due ...
Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome (PRS)
Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome (PRS) refers to a group of disorders that affect both the lungs (pulmonary) and the kidneys (renal). It is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of lung and kidney ...
Pseudoporphyria
Pseudoporphyria is a skin condition that mimics porphyria, a group of disorders caused by an accumulation of porphyrins, which are chemicals important for producing heme, a component of hemoglobin in ...
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare genetic disorder where the body is unable to respond properly to parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormone is essential for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels ...
Pseudohypobicarbonatemia
Pseudohypobicarbonatemia is a medical condition characterized by a falsely low measurement of bicarbonate levels in the blood. Bicarbonate is an essential buffer that helps maintain the body’s ...
Pseudohyperaldosteronism
Pseudohyperaldosteronism is a condition where the body behaves as if it has too much aldosterone, a hormone that regulates salt and water balance, even when it does not. This can lead to symptoms ...
Protein in Urine
Protein in urine, also known as proteinuria, is a condition where excess protein is found in urine. It can be a sign of underlying health issues, particularly related to the kidneys. Pathophysiology ...
Proteinuria
Proteinuria is a medical condition where excess protein is found in the urine. This can be a sign of various health issues, particularly related to the kidneys. PathophysiologyStructure: ...
Honeybee Resin
Honeybee resin, often referred to as "propolis," is a sticky substance collected by honeybees from tree buds, sap flows, and other botanical sources. Bees use propolis to seal cracks in their hives, ...
Propolis Related Renal Failure
Propolis is a natural substance made by bees from resin collected from trees and plants. It's known for its healing properties and has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. However, when ...
Nasr Disease
Nasr Disease is a condition that affects various systems in the body. It can manifest through a range of symptoms and requires specific treatments. Understanding its pathophysiology, types, causes, ...
Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits
Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits is a kidney disease that affects how the kidneys filter blood. This condition involves the growth of cells in the glomeruli, which are ...
Propofol Infusion Syndrome
Propofol Infusion Syndrome (PRIS) is a rare but serious condition that can occur in patients receiving long-term infusions of Propofol, a medication commonly used for anesthesia and sedation. This ...
Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organs, often the kidneys. It typically occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy and can ...
Post-Obstructive Diuresis
Post-Obstructive Diuresis (POD) is a condition that occurs after the removal of a urinary blockage, leading to an increased urination. This article will explain the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, ...
Posterior Urethral Valves
Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) are abnormal flaps of tissue in the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body). These valves can block the flow of urine, leading to a ...
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. These cysts can interfere with kidney function, leading to serious health issues. ...
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) is a rare disease that causes inflammation in the small and medium-sized arteries. This inflammation can lead to problems in various organs, including the skin, kidneys, ...
Mimicking IgA Nephropathy
Mimicking IgA nephropathy refers to conditions that resemble IgA nephropathy, a kidney disorder characterized by the accumulation of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody in the kidneys, leading to ...
IgA-Dominant Glomerulonephritis
IgA-Dominant Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis (IgA-D PGN) is a kidney condition that often follows an infection. It primarily affects how your kidneys filter blood. This article will explain what ...
Atypical Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis
Atypical Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis is a kidney condition that occurs after an infection. It involves inflammation of the glomeruli, which are tiny filters in the kidneys. This inflammation ...
Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis is a condition that affects the kidneys. It occurs after an infection, usually a throat or skin infection. This illness causes inflammation in the glomeruli, the ...
Premature Ejaculation
Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common sexual problem where a man ejaculates sooner than he or his partner would like during sexual activity. This can lead to frustration, stress, and relationship ...
Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a kidney condition that occurs after an infection caused by certain strains of streptococcus bacteria, commonly known for causing strep throat or skin ...
Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is a kidney condition that occurs after an infection, often involving the throat or skin. In this condition, the kidneys become inflamed, affecting their ...
