Forward slip of C5 over C6, also known as cervical anterolisthesis at the C5–C6 level, occurs when the fifth cervical vertebra (C5) shifts forward relative to ...
Dr. Lisa S. Apfel MD - Spine and Neurosurgery
A forward slip of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4) over the fifth (C5)—also called cervical anterolisthesis—is a condition in which one vertebra moves forward ...
Forward slip of C3 over C4, also known as anterolisthesis or cervical spondylolisthesis, is a condition where the third cervical vertebra (C3) moves forward ...
A forward slip of C2 over C3, also known as cervical spondylolisthesis at the C2–C3 level, occurs when the second cervical vertebra (axis) translates forward ...
Forward slippage of the first cervical vertebra (C1) over the second (C2), also known as atlantoaxial instability or C1–C2 anterolisthesis, occurs when the ...
Cervical vertebrae forward slip, medically known as cervical anterolisthesis or cervical spondylolisthesis, occurs when one vertebra in the neck moves forward ...
Ligamentum flavum degenerative laxity is a progressive weakening and loss of elasticity in the ligamentum flavum, the yellow ligament that runs along the back ...
Ligamentum flavum tumor infiltration occurs when abnormal growths—either primary tumors or cancer spread (metastases)—invade the ligamenta flava of the spine. ...
Ligamentum flavum post-surgical scarring is the build-up of fibrous tissue around the ligamentum flavum after spinal surgery. During healing, excess scar ...
A ligamentum flavum cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops within or next to the ligamentum flavum—a tough, elastic band of tissue connecting the vertebrae ...
Ligamentum flavum rupture refers to a tear in the tough, elastic band of tissue—called the ligamentum flavum—that connects the vertebrae in your spine. Though ...
Ligamentum flavum tears are partial or complete disruptions of the elastic fibers within the ligamenta flava—paired, yellowish ligaments that connect the ...
Ligamentum flavum fibrosis is a condition in which the normally elastic ligamentum flavum—the yellow ligament that connects the back of adjacent ...
Ligamentum flavum degeneration is a gradual breakdown and thickening of the ligamentum flavum—a key elastic band of tissue along the back of the spinal canal. ...
Ligamentum flavum calcification is a rare condition in which calcium salts deposit within the ligamentum flavum—a strong, elastic band of connective tissue ...
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a condition in which the normally elastic ligament connecting adjacent vertebrae gradually turns into bone. As ...
Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) refers to the abnormal thickening of the ligamentum flavum, a series of short, elastic ligaments that connect the laminae ...
Ligamentum flavum thickening—often called ligamentum flavum hypertrophy—is an important cause of spinal canal narrowing (spinal stenosis). When the normally ...
The ligamentum flavum is a yellow-colored, elastic ligament that runs along the back of the spinal canal, connecting adjacent vertebrae. It's named "yellow ...
Ligamentum flavum disorders involve changes to the yellow elastic ligaments (ligamenta flava) that connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae in the spine. When ...
Neoplastic foraminal narrowing is a condition where a tumor or cancerous growth presses into the small openings (neural foramina) on the sides of your spine. ...
Osteophytic foraminal narrowing, often called foraminal stenosis, happens when bone spurs (osteophytes) grow around the small openings (foramina) between ...
Congenital foraminal narrowing (CFN) is a condition present at birth in which one or more of the openings (foramina) between the vertebrae of the spine are ...
Iatrogenic foraminal narrowing refers to unintended narrowing of the neural (intervertebral) foramen caused by medical intervention—most often spine surgery or ...
Inflammatory foraminal narrowing, often called foraminal stenosis, happens when the bony opening (foramen) where a nerve root leaves the spine becomes narrowed ...
Traumatic foraminal narrowing, also known as traumatic foraminal stenosis, is a condition in which an injury causes the neural foramen—the bony passageways on ...
Degenerative foraminal narrowing, often called neural foraminal stenosis, is a progressive condition where the intervertebral foramina—the small bony openings ...
Congenital foraminal narrowing, also called congenital neural foraminal stenosis, is a birth-related condition in which the small bony openings on each side of ...
Anterior neural foraminal narrowing—often called foraminal stenosis—occurs when the front portion of the bony opening (foramen) through which spinal nerves ...
Posterior neural foraminal narrowing, commonly known as foraminal stenosis, is a condition in which the bony openings (neural foramina) on the back (posterior) ...
Lateral neural foraminal narrowing, often called lateral foraminal stenosis, is a condition where the side (“lateral”) openings between adjacent ...
C7-T1 bilateral neural foraminal narrowing is a specific type of spinal narrowing that happens at the junction between the last neck vertebra (C7) and the ...
C6–C7 bilateral neural foraminal narrowing is a condition where the openings (foramina) between the C6 and C7 vertebrae on both sides of your neck become too ...
C4–C5 bilateral neural foraminal narrowing, also known as C4–C5 cervical foraminal stenosis, is a condition in which the openings (foramina) on both sides of ...
C3–C4 bilateral neural foraminal narrowing, also called C3–4 foraminal stenosis, happens when the small openings on both sides of the spine at the level of the ...
A narrowing of the neural foramina at the C2–C3 level means that the openings on both sides of the spine—through which the C3 nerve roots exit—have become ...
Neural foraminal narrowing at the C1–C2 level occurs when the openings (foramina) through which the C2 nerve roots exit become smaller on both sides. This can ...
Bilateral cervical neural foraminal narrowing—also known as bilateral cervical foraminal stenosis—is a condition where the passageways on both sides of the ...
Bilateral neural foraminal narrowing occurs when the openings (foramina) on both sides of the spine—through which spinal nerves exit—become tighter than ...
Cervical Extraligamentous Disc Compression Collapse is a complex condition in which the intervertebral disc material in the neck (cervical spine) pushes out ...
Cervical Transligamentous Disc Compression Collapse is a condition in which the soft cushion between the bones of the neck (the intervertebral disc) pushes ...
Cervical free fragment disc compression collapse is a spinal condition in which a piece of the intervertebral disc in the neck (a “free fragment” or ...
Cervical subligamentous disc compression collapse refers to a condition in which the inner gel-like core of a cervical intervertebral disc (the nucleus ...
Cervical Subarticular Disc Compression Collapse is a condition of the neck (cervical spine) in which one of the cushioning discs between two adjacent vertebrae ...
Cervical Annular Disc Compression Collapse refers to a condition in the neck where one of the intervertebral discs—the soft cushions between the spinal bones ...
Cervical Extradural Disc Compression Collapse is a serious condition in which the cushioning discs between the bones of your neck (cervical vertebrae) ...
A cervical intradural disc compression collapse describes a rare, severe form of cervical disc disease in which a degenerated intervertebral disc not only ...
Cervical traumatic disc compression collapse is an acute neck injury in which a sudden external force crushes one or more intervertebral discs in the cervical ...
Cervical Degenerative Disc Compression Collapse refers to the process by which the intervertebral discs in the neck (cervical spine) lose height and structural ...
Cervical diffuse disc compression collapse describes a condition in which one or more intervertebral discs in the neck (cervical spine) lose their normal ...
Cervical non-contained disc compression collapse is a severe form of cervical disc injury in which the inner gel-like material (nucleus pulposus) breaks ...
Cervical contained disc compression collapse is a neck condition where one of the intervertebral discs in the cervical spine (neck) loses height (collapse), ...
Cervical paramedian disc compression collapse refers to a condition in which the cushioning disc between two neck vertebrae bulges or herniates toward one side ...
Cervical posterolateral disc compression collapse is a spine disorder in which the intervertebral disc in the neck (cervical spine) thins or “collapses” at its ...
Cervical Lateral Disc Compression Collapse is a form of neck degeneration in which one of the intervertebral discs in the cervical spine loses height ...
Cervical lateral recess disc compression collapse is a condition where one or more discs in the neck (cervical spine) bulge or break down, narrowing the side ...
Cervical Asymmetric Disc Compression Collapse is a condition in which one side of an intervertebral disc in the neck (cervical spine) loses height unevenly. ...
Cervical focal disc compression collapse is a condition in which one or more intervertebral discs in the neck (cervical spine) lose height and structural ...
Cervical circumferential disc compression collapse (CCDCC) is a degenerative condition of the neck in which an intervertebral disc uniformly loses height and ...
Cervical extraforaminal disc compression collapse occurs when part of an intervertebral disc in your neck (cervical spine) bulges or collapses outward beyond ...
A cervical inferiorly migrated disc compression collapse is a condition in which one of the cushioning pads (intervertebral discs) in the neck (cervical spine) ...
A cervical superiorly migrated disc compression collapse occurs when the soft inner part of an intervertebral disc in the neck (cervical spine) pushes upward ...
A cervical migrated disc compression collapse describes a condition in which one of the cushioning discs between the bones (vertebrae) of the neck (cervical ...
Cervical proximal extraforaminal disc compression collapse refers to a condition where one of the discs in the neck (cervical spine) bulges or ruptures outside ...
Cervical foraminal disc compression collapse—often called cervical foraminal stenosis due to disc collapse—is a condition where one of the cushioning discs ...
Cervical posterolateral disc compression collapse refers to a condition where one of the cushioning discs between the bones (vertebrae) in the neck (cervical ...
Cervical posterior disc compression collapse occurs when one or more intervertebral discs in the neck lose height or integrity toward the back (posterior) of ...
Cervical parasagittal disc compression collapse refers to a condition where one of the intervertebral discs on the side (parasagittal region) of the cervical ...
Cervical central and paracentral disc compression (often called “disc collapse” or “disc herniation”) occurs when one of the soft, cushion-like discs between ...
Cervical Paracentral Disc Compression Collapse is a condition where the soft, gel-like cushions (intervertebral discs) between the bones of your neck (cervical ...
A condition in which one or more discs in the neck (cervical spine) lose height and bulge or herniate centrally, pressing on the spinal canal or nerve roots. ...
The C7–T1 intervertebral disc sits between the seventh cervical (C7) and first thoracic (T1) vertebrae at the cervicothoracic junction. When this disc is ...
C6–C7 disc compression collapse refers to thinning, flattening, or loss of height of the intervertebral disc between the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae. ...
A compression collapse at the C5–C6 level refers to the loss of height and integrity of the intervertebral disc between the fifth (C5) and sixth (C6) cervical ...
C4–C5 disc compression collapse, often called cervical disc collapse or degenerative disc disease at the C4–C5 level, occurs when the intervertebral disc ...
C3–C4 disc compression collapse refers to the loss of normal height and cushioning of the intervertebral disc between the third (C3) and fourth (C4) cervical ...
Compression collapse of the C2–C3 intervertebral disc occurs when the cushioning disc between the second and third cervical vertebrae loses height, bulges, or ...
C1–C2 disc compression collapse refers to the breakdown or flattening of the intervertebral disc located between the first cervical vertebra (C1, also called ...
Cervical disc compression collapse refers to the loss of height and cushioning ability of one or more intervertebral discs in the neck (cervical spine). Discs ...
Cervical compression collapse—also called cervical vertebral collapse or cervical compression fracture—is a condition in which one or more bones (vertebrae) in ...
A form of cervical radiculopathy (“pinched nerve”) in which one or more nerve roots in the neck (cervical spine) are squeezed by structures outside the ...
Cervical transligamentous nerve root compression occurs when one of the nerve roots exiting the spinal cord in the neck (cervical spine) is squeezed or pinched ...
Cervical free-fragment nerve root compression occurs when a small piece of intervertebral disc material (a “free fragment”) moves into the spinal canal of the ...
Cervical Subligamentous Nerve Root Compression is a condition in which one of the spinal nerve roots in the neck (cervical spine) becomes pinched beneath the ...
A condition in which the nerve roots exiting the spinal canal in the neck (cervical spine) become pinched or irritated as they pass through a narrowed opening ...
Cervical annular nerve root compression is a specific form of cervical radiculopathy in which the fibrous ring of an intervertebral disc (the annulus fibrosus) ...
Cervical Extradural Nerve Root Compression is a condition in which one or more nerves exiting the spinal cord in the neck (cervical) region become pinched or ...
A condition in which one or more nerve roots within the dural sac of the cervical spine (neck) are squeezed or irritated, causing neck and arm symptoms. This ...
Cervical traumatic nerve root compression occurs when a forceful injury to the neck, such as from a fall, car accident, or sports impact, presses or pinches ...
Cervical degenerative nerve root compression, often called cervical radiculopathy, occurs when age-related “wear and tear” changes in the neck press on one or ...
Cervical diffuse nerve root compression—often called cervical radiculopathy—is a condition in which one or more nerve roots in the neck become squeezed or ...
Cervical non-contained nerve root compression, often referred to as cervical radiculopathy due to an extruded or sequestered disc, occurs when disc material or ...
Cervical contained nerve root compression, often called cervical radiculopathy, is a condition in which one of the nerve roots in your neck becomes squeezed or ...
Cervical paramedian nerve root compression is a form of cervical radiculopathy in which a structure just off-midline in the neck—most often a herniated ...
Cervical posterolateral nerve root compression is a specific form of cervical radiculopathy where one of the spinal nerve roots exiting the back and side ...
Cervical lateral nerve root compression—often called cervical radiculopathy—is when one of the spinal nerve roots in the neck gets squeezed or irritated as it ...
Cervical lateral recess nerve root compression occurs when the triangular space known as the lateral recess in the neck region narrows and pinches the exiting ...
Cervical asymmetric nerve root compression is a condition in which one or more of the nerves exiting the neck (cervical) portion of the spinal cord become ...
Cervical focal nerve root compression—often called cervical radiculopathy—is a condition in which one of the nerve roots in your neck becomes pinched or ...
Cervical Circumferential Nerve Root Compression is a form of cervical radiculopathy where one or more nerve roots in the neck are pinched or squeezed all ...
Cervical Extraforaminal Nerve Root Compression is a condition in which one of the cervical spinal nerve roots is pinched or squeezed lateral to the neural ...
Cervical inferiorly migrated nerve root compression is a form of cervical radiculopathy where a piece of disc material (a sequestered fragment) moves downward ...
Cervical superiorly migrated nerve root compression is a specific form of cervical radiculopathy in which a fragment of a herniated intervertebral disc travels ...
Cervical migrated nerve root compression occurs when a slipped or herniated disc fragment in the neck moves (“migrates”) away from its original disc space and ...
Cervical Distal Extraforaminal Nerve Root Compression is a specific form of cervical radiculopathy in which one of the spinal nerve roots in the neck is ...
Cervical Proximal Extraforaminal Nerve Root Compression (CPENC) is a condition where one of the nerve roots in the neck (cervical spine) gets pinched just ...
Cervical foraminal nerve root compression, often called a pinched nerve in the neck, happens when a nerve root that exits the spinal cord through a small ...
Cervical posterolateral nerve root compression—often called cervical radiculopathy—is a condition where one or more cervical spinal nerve roots become pinched ...
Cervical Posterior Nerve Root Compression—also known as cervical radiculopathy—occurs when one or more of the dorsal (posterior) nerve roots emerging from the ...
Cervical parasagittal nerve root compression, often classified under cervical radiculopathy, occurs when a cervical spinal nerve root is pinched or irritated ...
Cervical central and paracentral nerve root compression are forms of cervical radiculopathy, commonly known as “pinched nerves” in the neck. A pinched nerve ...
Cervical central nerve root compression occurs when space in the middle of the cervical spinal canal narrows—often from bulging discs or thickened ...
