RX Patient Tools
Use these quick guides before reading the article, or return to them when you need help preparing questions for a doctor.
Medical Glossary
A1c
A blood test estimating average glucose over about two to three months.
abdomen
The body area between the chest and pelvis.
abdominal cavity
The internal space containing many digestive and urinary organs.
abdominal distension
Visible or felt enlargement of the abdomen.
abdominal pain
Pain felt anywhere between the chest and groin.
abdominal region
The body area between the chest and pelvis.
ABG
A blood test measuring oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acid-base balance.
ablation therapy
Treatment that destroys targeted abnormal tissue using heat, cold, energy, chemicals, or radiation.
abnormal breathing
Breathing that differs from the usual rate, depth, rhythm, or effort.
abnormal finding
A finding that differs from the usual structure, function, or test range.
abnormal gait
An abnormal pattern of walking.
abnormality
A finding that differs from the usual structure, function, or test range.
abruptio placentae
Early separation of the placenta from the uterine wall.
abscess
An abscess is a pocket of pus caused by infection. সহজ বাংলা: পুঁজ জমে ফোলা।
abscess formation
Development of a localized pocket of pus.
Achilles tendon
The strong tendon connecting calf muscles to the heel bone.
acid indigestion
A burning feeling behind the breastbone from stomach acid reflux.
acid reflux disease
Repeated flow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
acne
A common skin condition caused by blocked and inflamed hair follicles.
acne vulgaris
A common skin condition caused by blocked and inflamed hair follicles.
acquired condition
A condition that develops after birth rather than being present at birth.
acquired disorder
A condition that develops after birth rather than being present at birth.
ACS
A group of urgent conditions caused by suddenly reduced blood flow to heart muscle.
acute
Acute means a condition that starts suddenly or lasts for a short time. সহজ বাংলা: হঠাৎ শুরু হওয়া বা অল্প সময়ের রোগ/সমস্যা।
acute coronary syndrome
A group of urgent conditions caused by suddenly reduced blood flow to heart muscle.
acute kidney injury
A sudden decline in kidney function.
acute renal failure
A sudden decline in kidney function.
acute respiratory distress syndrome
Severe inflammatory lung injury causing dangerously low oxygen.
Addison disease
Adrenal-gland failure causing low cortisol and sometimes low aldosterone.
adherence
How closely a person follows an agreed treatment plan.
adhesive capsulitis
Painful stiffness caused by tightening of the shoulder capsule.
adrenal gland
A gland above each kidney that produces stress and salt-balance hormones.
adrenal glands
A gland above each kidney that produces stress and salt-balance hormones.
adrenal insufficiency
Adrenal-gland failure causing low cortisol and sometimes low aldosterone.
adverse effect
An adverse effect is an unwanted or harmful effect from medicine or treatment. সহজ বাংলা: ওষুধ/চিকিৎসার ক্ষতিকর পার্শ্বপ্রতিক্রিয়া।
AF
A common irregular heart rhythm beginning in the upper heart chambers.
AFib
A common irregular heart rhythm beginning in the upper heart chambers.
agranulocytosis
A severe reduction in infection-fighting granulocytes.
air hunger
A distressing feeling of not getting enough air.
AKI
A sudden decline in kidney function.
albuminuria
Albumin protein present in urine.
allergy
Allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to usually harmless substances. সহজ বাংলা: কোনো জিনিসে শরীরের অতিরিক্ত প্রতিক্রিয়া।
altered consciousness
A change in alertness, awareness, or responsiveness.
alveoli
A tiny lung air sac where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
alveolus
A tiny lung air sac where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Alzheimer's disease
A progressive brain disease causing worsening memory and thinking.
Alzheimer disease
A progressive brain disease causing worsening memory and thinking.
ambulatory
Able to walk, or related to care provided without hospital admission.
amenorrhea
Absence of menstrual periods.
amenorrhoea
Absence of menstrual periods.
amniotic fluid
Fluid surrounding and protecting the fetus during pregnancy.
amputation
Surgical removal of all or part of a limb or body part.
analgesic
An analgesic is a pain-relieving medicine. সহজ বাংলা: ব্যথানাশক ওষুধ।
anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can affect breathing or blood pressure and needs emergency care. সহজ বাংলা: ভয়ংকর অ্যালার্জি, জরুরি চিকিৎসা লাগে।
anatomy
The structure and parts of the body.
anemia
Anemia means too few red blood cells or low hemoglobin, reducing oxygen carrying capacity. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তস্বল্পতা।
angina
Chest discomfort caused by temporarily reduced blood flow to heart muscle.
angina pectoris
Chest discomfort caused by temporarily reduced blood flow to heart muscle.
angiogram
Imaging of blood vessels after contrast material is introduced.
angiography
Imaging of blood vessels after contrast material is introduced.
angioplasty
A procedure widening a narrowed blood vessel, often using a balloon.
ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory arthritis mainly affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints.
anorexia symptom
Reduced desire to eat.
antenatal
Related to the period before birth during pregnancy.
anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory means reducing inflammation, pain, or swelling. সহজ বাংলা: প্রদাহ/ফোলা/ব্যথা কমায়।
antibiotic
An antibiotic is a medicine used to treat bacterial infections. সহজ বাংলা: ব্যাকটেরিয়ার সংক্রমণের ওষুধ।
antimicrobial resistance
The ability of microbes to survive medicines that previously controlled them.
anus
The opening at the end of the digestive tract.
aorta
The largest artery carrying blood from the heart to the body.
aplastic anaemia
Bone-marrow failure causing low red cells, white cells, and platelets.
aplastic anemia
Bone-marrow failure causing low red cells, white cells, and platelets.
appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix.
appendix
A small tube-like pouch attached to the beginning of the large intestine.
appetite loss
Reduced desire to eat.
ARDS
Severe inflammatory lung injury causing dangerously low oxygen.
armpit
The armpit area.
arrhythmia
Arrhythmia means an abnormal heart rhythm. সহজ বাংলা: হৃদস্পন্দনের ছন্দে সমস্যা।
arterial blood gas
A blood test measuring oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acid-base balance.
arteries
A blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.
arteriosclerotic disease
Fatty plaque buildup inside arteries that can reduce blood flow.
artery
A blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.
arthralgia
Arthralgia means joint pain. সহজ বাংলা: জয়েন্টের ব্যথা।
arthritis
Arthritis means joint inflammation causing pain, swelling, stiffness, or reduced movement. সহজ বাংলা: জয়েন্টের প্রদাহ।
arthroscopy
Viewing and treating the inside of a joint through a small camera.
ascites
Abnormal fluid buildup inside the abdomen.
assessment
A clinical review of symptoms, history, examination, and available test results.
asthma
A condition causing episodes of airway narrowing, inflammation, cough, and wheeze.
asymptomatic
Having a condition without noticeable symptoms.
ataxia
Poor balance or coordination during movement.
atelectasis
Partial or complete collapse of lung air spaces.
atherosclerosis
Fatty plaque buildup inside arteries that can reduce blood flow.
atria
One of the two upper chambers of the heart.
atrial fibrillation
A common irregular heart rhythm beginning in the upper heart chambers.
atrium
One of the two upper chambers of the heart.
atrophy
Atrophy means shrinking or wasting of tissue, muscle, or an organ. সহজ বাংলা: মাংসপেশি/টিস্যু শুকিয়ে ছোট হওয়া।
atypical
Not showing the usual pattern or features.
autoimmune
Autoimmune means the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রতিরোধ ব্যবস্থা নিজের শরীরকেই আক্রমণ করে।
autoimmune disease
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues.
autonomic neuropathy
Nerve damage affecting automatic functions such as heart rate, digestion, or bladder control.
axilla
The armpit area.
backache
Pain felt in the back.
back pain
Back pain means pain in the spine, muscles, discs, joints, or nerves of the back. সহজ বাংলা: পিঠ/কোমরের ব্যথা।
bacteraemia
Bacteria present in the bloodstream.
bacteremia
Bacteria present in the bloodstream.
bacterial
Bacterial means caused by or related to bacteria. সহজ বাংলা: ব্যাকটেরিয়া সম্পর্কিত।
bacterial infection
Illness caused by disease-producing bacteria.
balloon angioplasty
A procedure widening a narrowed blood vessel, often using a balloon.
baseline
A starting measurement used for later comparison.
baseline value
A starting measurement used for later comparison.
basophilia
Basophilia means a higher-than-normal basophil count. সহজ বাংলা: বেসোফিল বেশি থাকা।
belching
Releasing swallowed gas through the mouth.
Bell's palsy
Sudden weakness of facial muscles from facial-nerve dysfunction.
Bell palsy
Sudden weakness of facial muscles from facial-nerve dysfunction.
belly
The body area between the chest and pelvis.
belly pain
Pain felt anywhere between the chest and groin.
benign
Benign means not cancerous. সহজ বাংলা: ক্যান্সার নয়।
bilateral
Affecting both sides of the body.
bile duct
A tube carrying bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine.
biliary duct
A tube carrying bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine.
bilirubin
Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that can build up in jaundice. সহজ বাংলা: জন্ডিসে বাড়তে পারে এমন হলুদ রঞ্জক।
biomarker
A measurable sign in blood, tissue, imaging, or another sample that gives health information.
biopsy
A biopsy removes a small tissue sample for microscope testing. সহজ বাংলা: পরীক্ষা করার জন্য অল্প টিস্যু নেওয়া।
birth control
Methods used to prevent pregnancy.
birth defect
A structural or functional difference present at birth.
birth weight
A baby’s weight measured soon after birth.
bladder
The muscular organ that stores urine.
blister
A blister is a small fluid-filled bubble on the skin. সহজ বাংলা: চামড়ায় পানি ভরা ফোস্কা।
bloating
Visible or felt enlargement of the abdomen.
blood culture
A laboratory test checking blood for bacteria or fungi.
blood glucose test
A test measuring the amount of glucose in blood.
blood in urine
Blood in the urine.
blood sugar test
A test measuring the amount of glucose in blood.
blurred vision
Reduced sharpness or clarity of sight.
bone density scan
An X-ray-based test measuring bone mineral density.
bone marrow
Soft tissue inside bones that produces blood cells.
bone pain
Deep pain felt in or around a bone.
bone scan
A nuclear medicine test showing areas of increased or decreased bone activity.
bowel obstruction
A blockage preventing contents from moving normally through the intestine.
bradycardia
Bradycardia means slower-than-normal heart rate. সহজ বাংলা: হার্টবিট ধীরে হওয়া।
brain haemorrhage
Bleeding inside or around the brain.
brain hemorrhage
Bleeding inside or around the brain.
brainstem
The lower brain region controlling vital functions and connecting to the spinal cord.
breastbone
The breastbone in the center of the chest.
breathlessness
The feeling of difficult or insufficient breathing.
breech presentation
A fetal position with buttocks or feet nearest the birth canal.
bronchi
A major airway carrying air into a lung.
bronchiectasis
Permanent widening and damage of airways with mucus buildup and infections.
bronchiole
A small airway branch inside the lung.
bronchioles
A small airway branch inside the lung.
bronchiolitis
Inflammation of small airways, commonly affecting infants and young children.
bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial airways.
bronchoscopy
Examination of the airways with a flexible or rigid camera.
bronchus
A major airway carrying air into a lung.
bruise
Bleeding under the skin that causes discoloration.
bruising
Bleeding under the skin that causes discoloration.
burning urination
Pain or burning during urination.
burping
Releasing swallowed gas through the mouth.
bursa
A small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint.
bursae
A small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint.
bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa near a joint.
C-section
Surgical birth through incisions in the abdomen and uterus.
CAD
Narrowing or blockage of arteries supplying heart muscle.
caecum
The first pouch-like part of the large intestine.
caesarean section
Surgical birth through incisions in the abdomen and uterus.
calcaneal tendon
The strong tendon connecting calf muscles to the heel bone.
calcaneus
The calcaneus, the large bone forming the heel.
cancer grade
A description of how abnormal cancer cells look and how aggressively they may behave.
cancer stage
A description of how far cancer has grown or spread.
capillaries
A tiny blood vessel where gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged.
capillary
A tiny blood vessel where gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged.
carcinoma
A cancer beginning in cells lining organs, glands, or body surfaces.
cardiac arrest
Sudden loss of effective heart pumping and circulation.
cardiac biomarkers
Blood markers released when heart muscle is injured.
cardiac enzymes
Blood markers released when heart muscle is injured.
cardiac valve
A structure that keeps blood moving in the correct direction through the heart.
cardiomyopathy
Disease of heart muscle that can weaken or alter heart function.
carotid stenosis
Narrowing of a major neck artery supplying the brain.
carpal tunnel syndrome
Median-nerve compression at the wrist.
cartilage
Cartilage is smooth cushioning tissue in joints and other body parts. সহজ বাংলা: জয়েন্টের নরম কুশন টিস্যু।
cbc
CBC means complete blood count, a blood test measuring red cells, white cells, and platelets. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তের প্রধান কণিকা মাপার পরীক্ষা।
cecum
The first pouch-like part of the large intestine.
celiac disease
An immune reaction to gluten that damages the small intestine.
cellulitis
A bacterial infection of deeper skin and soft tissue.
cerebellum
The brain region important for balance, coordination, and precise movement.
cerebral cortex
The brain’s outer layer involved in thinking, sensation, language, and voluntary movement.
cerebral palsy
A group of lifelong movement and posture disorders caused by early brain injury or development.
cerebrovascular accident
Sudden brain injury from blocked blood flow or bleeding.
cerebrum
The largest brain part, responsible for thought, memory, sensation, and movement.
cervical
Cervical can mean related to the neck part of the spine. সহজ বাংলা: ঘাড়ের মেরুদণ্ড সম্পর্কিত।
cervical radiculopathy
Neck nerve-root irritation causing arm pain, numbness, or weakness.
cervical smear
A screening test collecting cervical cells to look for precancerous changes.
cervical spondylosis
Age-related wear changes in the neck spine.
cervix
The lower narrow part of the uterus opening into the vagina.
cesarean section
Surgical birth through incisions in the abdomen and uterus.
chemotherapy
Medicines used to destroy or control cancer cells.
chest pain
Pain, pressure, tightness, or discomfort in the chest.
CHF
A condition in which the heart cannot pump or fill well enough for the body.
chills
Shivering or feeling cold, often during fever or infection.
cholangitis
Inflammation or infection of the bile ducts.
cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
cholesterol
Cholesterol is a fat-like substance in blood; high levels can raise heart and vessel risk. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তের চর্বি জাতীয় উপাদান।
chronic
Chronic means a condition that lasts a long time or keeps coming back. সহজ বাংলা: দীর্ঘদিন ধরে থাকা বা বারবার ফিরে আসা রোগ।
chronic constipation
Persistent difficulty passing stool or infrequent bowel movements.
chronic kidney disease
Long-term loss of kidney structure or function.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Long-term airflow limitation, commonly from emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
chronic renal disease
Long-term loss of kidney structure or function.
circulatory shock
Dangerously inadequate circulation and oxygen delivery to body tissues.
cirrhosis
Cirrhosis means long-term liver scarring and damage. সহজ বাংলা: লিভারে দীর্ঘমেয়াদি দাগ/ক্ষতি।
CKD
Long-term loss of kidney structure or function.
clavicle
The collarbone connecting the breastbone to the shoulder.
clinical
Related to patient care, symptoms, examination, diagnosis, or treatment.
clinical assessment
A clinical review of symptoms, history, examination, and available test results.
clinical history
Information about symptoms, illnesses, medicines, allergies, and previous care.
clinical worsening
A worsening in health, symptoms, or function.
coagulopathy
A disorder that impairs normal blood clotting.
coccyx
The small tailbone at the bottom of the spine.
coeliac disease
An immune reaction to gluten that damages the small intestine.
coexisting condition
Another health condition present at the same time.
colitis
Inflammation of the colon.
collapsed lung
Air around a lung causing partial or complete collapse.
collarbone
The collarbone connecting the breastbone to the shoulder.
colon
The main part of the large intestine.
colonoscopy
Examination of the colon with a flexible camera.
communicable
Able to spread from one person to another.
comorbidity
Another health condition present at the same time.
compartment syndrome
Dangerous pressure buildup within a closed muscle compartment.
complete blood count
A test measuring red cells, white cells, hemoglobin, and platelets.
complication
A new problem that develops because of a disease, injury, procedure, or treatment.
computed tomography
Imaging that combines X-rays and computer processing for detailed cross-sections.
confusion
Difficulty thinking clearly, understanding, or knowing place or time.
congenital
Congenital means present from birth, though it may be noticed later. সহজ বাংলা: জন্মগত।
congenital anomaly
A structural or functional difference present at birth.
congenital heart defect
A heart structure problem present from birth.
congenital heart disease
A heart structure problem present from birth.
congestive heart failure
A condition in which the heart cannot pump or fill well enough for the body.
conjunctiva
The thin membrane covering the white of the eye and inner eyelids.
conservative treatment
Care that avoids surgery when safe, using measures such as rest, therapy, or medicines.
constipation
Constipation means hard or infrequent stools. সহজ বাংলা: কোষ্ঠকাঠিন্য।
constipation disorder
Persistent difficulty passing stool or infrequent bowel movements.
contagious
Able to spread from one person to another.
contraception
Methods used to prevent pregnancy.
contraindicated
Not recommended because it may be unsafe in a particular situation.
contraindication
A contraindication is a reason a treatment or test should not be used because it may be unsafe. সহজ বাংলা: কোনো চিকিৎসা না দেওয়ার নিরাপত্তাজনিত কারণ।
convulsion
A sudden episode caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
COPD
Long-term airflow limitation, commonly from emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
cornea
The clear front surface of the eye that helps focus light.
coronary arteries
An artery supplying oxygen-rich blood to heart muscle.
coronary artery
An artery supplying oxygen-rich blood to heart muscle.
coronary artery disease
Narrowing or blockage of arteries supplying heart muscle.
coronary heart disease
Narrowing or blockage of arteries supplying heart muscle.
cor pulmonale
Right-sided heart strain or failure caused by lung or pulmonary-vessel disease.
cough
A reflex that clears mucus or irritants from the airways.
coughing blood
Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.
cramp
A cramp is sudden painful muscle tightening. সহজ বাংলা: মাংসপেশি টান ধরা।
cranium
The skull portion enclosing the brain.
creatinine
Creatinine is a blood marker commonly used to assess kidney function. সহজ বাংলা: কিডনির কাজ বোঝার রক্তের মান।
creatinine clearance
An estimate of how effectively the kidneys filter creatinine.
critical condition
A serious condition needing close monitoring and urgent treatment.
critically ill
A serious condition needing close monitoring and urgent treatment.
Crohn's disease
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any digestive-tract segment.
Crohn disease
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any digestive-tract segment.
crp
CRP is a blood test that often rises with inflammation or infection. সহজ বাংলা: প্রদাহ বোঝার রক্ত পরীক্ষা।
cruciate ligament
A strong knee ligament controlling forward, backward, and rotational stability.
CT
Imaging that combines X-rays and computer processing for detailed cross-sections.
CTS
Median-nerve compression at the wrist.
ct scan
CT scan uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed body images. সহজ বাংলা: এক্স-রে দিয়ে বিস্তারিত ছবি।
Cushing syndrome
A condition caused by prolonged excessive cortisol.
CVA
Sudden brain injury from blocked blood flow or bleeding.
cyanosis
Cyanosis means bluish skin or lips due to low oxygen. সহজ বাংলা: অক্সিজেন কমে ঠোঁট/চামড়া নীলচে হওয়া।
cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder, often from infection.
D-dimer
A blood marker that may rise when the body forms and breaks down clots.
decreased urine output
Passing less urine than expected.
deep vein thrombosis
A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg.
degenerative arthritis
Joint degeneration involving cartilage loss and bone changes.
degenerative disc disease
Wear-related changes in spinal discs that may cause pain or nerve symptoms.
dehydration
Dehydration means the body has too little water/fluid. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরে পানিশূন্যতা।
dementia
Progressive impairment of memory, thinking, or daily function from brain disease.
dermatitis
Skin inflammation causing redness, itching, or irritation.
dermis
The deeper skin layer containing vessels, nerves, glands, and connective tissue.
deterioration
A worsening in health, symptoms, or function.
DEXA scan
An X-ray-based test measuring bone mineral density.
diabetes
Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar stays too high because insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।
diabetes insipidus
A disorder causing excessive dilute urine because of antidiuretic-hormone problems.
diabetes mellitus
A group of disorders causing high blood glucose.
diagnosis
Diagnosis means identifying a disease using history, examination, and tests. সহজ বাংলা: রোগ নির্ণয়।
diaphragm
The main breathing muscle separating the chest from the abdomen.
diarrhea
Diarrhea means frequent loose or watery stools. সহজ বাংলা: পাতলা পায়খানা।
diarrhoea
Frequent loose or watery stools.
differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis is a list of possible conditions that may explain symptoms. সহজ বাংলা: একই লক্ষণের সম্ভাব্য রোগের তালিকা।
dilated cardiomyopathy
Heart-muscle disease causing enlarged chambers and weak pumping.
diplopia
Seeing two images of one object.
disability
A limitation in body function, activity, or participation.
disease progression
Worsening or spread of a disease over time.
dislocation
Complete loss of normal contact between joint surfaces.
diverticulitis
Inflammation or infection of pouches in the colon wall.
diverticulosis
The presence of small pouches in the colon wall.
dizziness
A feeling of lightheadedness, unsteadiness, or spinning.
Doppler ultrasound
Ultrasound used to assess movement of blood or other fluid.
dosage
Dosage means the amount and schedule of a medicine. সহজ বাংলা: ওষুধ কতটা ও কতবার খেতে হবে।
double vision
Seeing two images of one object.
drug resistance
The ability of microbes to survive medicines that previously controlled them.
duodenum
The first part of the small intestine.
DVT
A blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg.
DXA scan
An X-ray-based test measuring bone mineral density.
dysmenorrhea
Painful menstrual periods.
dysmenorrhoea
Painful menstrual periods.
dyspepsia
Upper-abdominal discomfort, fullness, burning, or nausea related to digestion.
dysphagia
Dysphagia means difficulty swallowing. সহজ বাংলা: গিলতে সমস্যা।
dyspnea
Dyspnea means shortness of breath or breathing difficulty. সহজ বাংলা: শ্বাসকষ্ট।
dyspnoea
The feeling of difficult or insufficient breathing.
dysrhythmia
An abnormal heart rhythm.
dysuria
Dysuria means pain or burning during urination. সহজ বাংলা: প্রস্রাবে জ্বালা/ব্যথা।
eardrum
The thin membrane that vibrates with sound.
early fullness
Feeling full after eating only a small amount.
early satiety
Feeling full after eating only a small amount.
ecg
ECG records the heart’s electrical activity. সহজ বাংলা: হার্টের বৈদ্যুতিক পরীক্ষা।
echo
Ultrasound imaging of heart structure and function.
echocardiogram
Ultrasound imaging of heart structure and function.
eclampsia
Seizures occurring in a person with pregnancy-related preeclampsia.
eclampsia pregnancy
Seizures occurring in a person with pregnancy-related preeclampsia.
ectopic pregnancy
A pregnancy implanted outside the uterine cavity, usually in a fallopian tube.
eczema
Skin inflammation causing redness, itching, or irritation.
edema
Edema means swelling caused by extra fluid in body tissues. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরে পানি জমে ফোলা।
EEG
A test recording electrical activity of the brain.
eGFR
An estimate of kidney filtration based mainly on blood creatinine.
elective procedure
A planned procedure that is not performed as an immediate emergency.
elective surgery
A planned procedure that is not performed as an immediate emergency.
electroencephalogram
A test recording electrical activity of the brain.
electrolyte panel
Blood tests measuring minerals such as sodium and potassium.
embolism
An embolism is a clot or material that travels and blocks blood flow. সহজ বাংলা: জমাট বা বস্তু অন্য জায়গায় গিয়ে রক্ত চলাচল বন্ধ করা।
emergency
A condition requiring immediate assessment and treatment.
emesis
Forceful emptying of stomach contents through the mouth.
emg
EMG is a test that checks muscle and nerve electrical activity. সহজ বাংলা: নার্ভ ও মাংসপেশির বৈদ্যুতিক পরীক্ষা।
emphysema
Damage and enlargement of lung air sacs that reduces gas exchange.
encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain, often caused by infection or immune disease.
end-stage disease
The most advanced phase of a long-term disease.
endocarditis
Inflammation or infection of the heart’s inner lining or valves.
endometriosis
Tissue similar to uterine lining grows outside the uterus.
endoscopy
Endoscopy uses a camera tube to look inside body passages such as the stomach or colon. সহজ বাংলা: ক্যামেরা দিয়ে শরীরের ভিতর দেখা।
end stage
The most advanced phase of a long-term disease.
eosinophil
Eosinophil is a white blood cell involved in allergy, parasites, and some inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অ্যালার্জি/পরজীবী সংক্রমণে জড়িত রক্তকণিকা।
eosinophilia
Eosinophilia means high eosinophil count, often linked with allergy, parasites, inflammation, or blood disease. সহজ বাংলা: ইওসিনোফিল বেশি হওয়া।
epidermis
The outermost protective layer of skin.
epiglottis
A flap that helps prevent food entering the airway during swallowing.
epilepsy
A condition involving a continuing tendency to have unprovoked seizures.
erythema
Erythema means skin redness, often from irritation, allergy, infection, or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: চামড়া লাল হয়ে যাওয়া।
esophagus
The tube carrying food from the throat to the stomach.
esr
ESR is a blood test that may rise with inflammation or infection. সহজ বাংলা: প্রদাহ/সংক্রমণে বাড়তে পারে এমন রক্ত পরীক্ষা।
estimated glomerular filtration rate
An estimate of kidney filtration based mainly on blood creatinine.
exacerbation
A period when a chronic condition becomes worse.
exercise tolerance test
A test assessing heart function during exercise or medicine-induced stress.
faecal occult blood test
A stool test for small amounts of hidden blood.
failure to thrive
Poor weight gain or growth compared with expected patterns.
fainting
A brief loss of consciousness from reduced blood flow to the brain.
fallopian tube
A tube carrying an egg from an ovary toward the uterus.
family history
Health conditions found among biological relatives that may affect risk.
fascia
A sheet of connective tissue surrounding muscles and other structures.
fast heart rate
A faster-than-expected heart rate.
fasting blood glucose
Blood glucose measured after a period without food.
fasting plasma glucose
Blood glucose measured after a period without food.
fatigue
Fatigue means unusual tiredness or lack of energy. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত ক্লান্তি।
fatty liver disease
Excess fat stored in liver cells.
FBC
A test measuring red cells, white cells, hemoglobin, and platelets.
febrile seizure
A seizure associated with fever in a young child.
fecal occult blood test
A stool test for small amounts of hidden blood.
femur
The thigh bone and the body’s longest bone.
fetal growth restriction
A fetus not reaching expected growth for gestational age.
fever
Fever means body temperature is higher than normal, often due to infection or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: জ্বর।
FGR
A fetus not reaching expected growth for gestational age.
fibroid
A benign growth of uterine muscle.
fibromyalgia
A chronic condition involving widespread pain, fatigue, sleep, and sensory symptoms.
fibrosis
Fibrosis means excess scar-like tissue formation after chronic injury or inflammation. সহজ বাংলা: অতিরিক্ত দাগের মতো টিস্যু তৈরি হওয়া।
fibula
The smaller bone on the outer side of the lower leg.
fine needle aspiration
Removal of cells or fluid through a thin needle for testing.
flare
A period when a chronic condition becomes worse.
flare-up
A period when a chronic condition becomes worse.
flatulence
Gas passed from the intestine.
fluoroscopy
Continuous X-ray imaging used to watch movement inside the body.
FNA
Removal of cells or fluid through a thin needle for testing.
FOBT
A stool test for small amounts of hidden blood.
fontanelle
A soft membrane-covered gap between an infant’s skull bones.
food pipe
The tube carrying food from the throat to the stomach.
fracture
A fracture is a break or crack in a bone. সহজ বাংলা: হাড় ভাঙা।
frequent urination
Passing urine more often than usual.
frozen shoulder
Painful stiffness caused by tightening of the shoulder capsule.
full blood count
A test measuring red cells, white cells, hemoglobin, and platelets.
functional status
A person’s ability to perform daily activities.
fundus
The rounded upper or farthest part of an organ, depending on context.
fungal
Fungal means caused by or related to fungi. সহজ বাংলা: ছত্রাক সম্পর্কিত।
fungal infection
Illness caused by a fungus.
gait disturbance
An abnormal pattern of walking.
gallbladder
A small organ that stores and concentrates bile.
ganglia
A cluster of nerve-cell bodies outside the brain or spinal cord.
ganglion
A cluster of nerve-cell bodies outside the brain or spinal cord.
gastritis
Gastritis means inflammation of the stomach lining. সহজ বাংলা: পাকস্থলীর প্রদাহ।
gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often causing diarrhea and vomiting.
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Repeated flow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
gastrointestinal bleeding
Bleeding anywhere in the digestive tract.
GBS
An immune nerve disorder causing rapidly developing weakness and reduced reflexes.
GDM
Diabetes first diagnosed during pregnancy.
generalized
Affecting many areas or much of the body.
genetic
Related to genes or inherited biological information.
GERD
Repeated flow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
gestation
The period of pregnancy from conception to birth.
gestational diabetes
Diabetes first diagnosed during pregnancy.
gestational hypertension
High blood pressure developing during pregnancy without other preeclampsia features.
GI bleeding
Bleeding anywhere in the digestive tract.
glomeruli
A tiny kidney filter that begins urine formation.
glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney’s microscopic filters.
glomerulus
A tiny kidney filter that begins urine formation.
glycated hemoglobin
A blood test estimating average glucose over about two to three months.
goiter
Goiter means an enlarged thyroid gland. সহজ বাংলা: থাইরয়েড গ্রন্থি বড় হওয়া।
GORD
Repeated flow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
gout
Inflammatory arthritis caused by urate crystal deposits.
groin
The crease where the lower abdomen meets the upper thigh.
growth faltering
Poor weight gain or growth compared with expected patterns.
Guillain-Barré syndrome
An immune nerve disorder causing rapidly developing weakness and reduced reflexes.
haemophilia
An inherited bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of a clotting factor.
haemorrhoid
A swollen vein around the anus or lower rectum.
HbA1c
A blood test estimating average glucose over about two to three months.
HCM
A condition causing abnormal thickening of heart muscle.
headache
Headache means pain in the head or upper neck. সহজ বাংলা: মাথাব্যথা।
health literacy
The ability to find, understand, and use health information.
heart attack
Death of heart muscle caused by blocked blood flow.
heartburn
A burning feeling behind the breastbone from stomach acid reflux.
heart failure
A condition in which the heart cannot pump or fill well enough for the body.
heart murmur
An extra or unusual sound heard as blood moves through the heart.
heart muscle
The muscular middle layer of the heart wall.
heart valve
A structure that keeps blood moving in the correct direction through the heart.
heavy menstrual bleeding
Unusually heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
heel bone
The calcaneus, the large bone forming the heel.
hematocrit
Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume made of red blood cells. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে লোহিত কণিকার শতাংশ।
hematuria
Hematuria means blood in the urine. সহজ বাংলা: প্রস্রাবে রক্ত।
hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein inside red blood cells. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে অক্সিজেন বহনকারী প্রোটিন।
hemophilia
An inherited bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of a clotting factor.
hemoptysis
Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.
hemorrhoid
A swollen vein around the anus or lower rectum.
hemorrhoids
A swollen vein around the anus or lower rectum.
hepatic steatosis
Excess fat stored in liver cells.
hepatitis
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. সহজ বাংলা: লিভারের প্রদাহ।
hepatomegaly
An enlarged liver.
hereditary
Passed through genes from parent to child.
herniated disc
A herniated disc means disc material bulges or leaks and may press nearby nerves. সহজ বাংলা: ডিস্ক সরে/ফুলে নার্ভে চাপ দিতে পারে।
hiatal hernia
Part of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm opening.
hiatus hernia
Part of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm opening.
high blood sugar
Higher-than-normal blood glucose.
hip joint
The ball-and-socket joint between the pelvis and femur.
histopathology
Microscopic examination of tissue to identify disease.
hives
Raised itchy welts caused by release of inflammatory chemicals in skin.
hoarseness
A rough, weak, or changed voice.
Holter monitor
A portable device recording heart rhythm continuously for a day or longer.
humerus
The upper arm bone.
hydronephrosis
Kidney swelling caused by blocked urine drainage.
hyperglycaemia
Higher-than-normal blood glucose.
hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia means high blood sugar. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি।
hyperlipidaemia
Higher-than-recommended levels of fats such as cholesterol or triglycerides in blood.
hyperlipidemia
Higher-than-recommended levels of fats such as cholesterol or triglycerides in blood.
hyperreflexia
Overactive reflex responses.
hypertension
Hypertension means high blood pressure. সহজ বাংলা: উচ্চ রক্তচাপ।
hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism means the thyroid gland makes too much hormone. সহজ বাংলা: থাইরয়েড হরমোন বেশি।
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A condition causing abnormal thickening of heart muscle.
hypertrophy
Hypertrophy means enlargement of cells or tissue. সহজ বাংলা: টিস্যু/মাংসপেশি বড় হওয়া।
hypoglycaemia
Lower-than-normal blood glucose.
hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia means low blood sugar. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি কম।
hyporeflexia
Reduced reflex responses.
hypotension
Hypotension means low blood pressure. সহজ বাংলা: নিম্ন রক্তচাপ।
hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism means the thyroid gland makes too little hormone. সহজ বাংলা: থাইরয়েড হরমোন কম।
hypoxaemia
Low oxygen level in arterial blood.
hypoxemia
Low oxygen level in arterial blood.
hypoxia
Insufficient oxygen reaching body tissues.
IBD
Chronic intestinal inflammation, mainly Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis.
IBS
A disorder causing recurrent abdominal pain with altered bowel habits.
ICP
Pressure inside the skull from brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid.
idiopathic
Idiopathic means the exact cause is unknown. সহজ বাংলা: কারণ অজানা।
ILD
A group of disorders causing inflammation or scarring in lung tissue.
ileum
The final part of the small intestine.
ilium
The broad upper part of the pelvic bone.
immunity
Immunity is the body’s ability to resist infection or disease. সহজ বাংলা: রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা।
immunodeficiency
Reduced ability of the immune system to fight infection.
immunotherapy
Treatment that changes or uses the immune system to fight disease.
impetigo
A contagious superficial bacterial skin infection.
incidental finding
An unexpected finding discovered during a test performed for another reason.
incontinence
Loss of voluntary control of urine or stool.
indication
A medical reason to use a test, medicine, or procedure.
indigestion
Upper-abdominal discomfort, fullness, burning, or nausea related to digestion.
infarction
Infarction means tissue damage or death from blocked blood supply. সহজ বাংলা: রক্ত চলাচল বন্ধ হয়ে টিস্যু নষ্ট হওয়া।
infection
Infection means germs such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites are growing in the body. সহজ বাংলা: জীবাণু শরীরে বেড়ে রোগ করা।
infertility
Difficulty achieving pregnancy after an appropriate period of regular unprotected intercourse.
inflammation
Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।
inflammatory bowel disease
Chronic intestinal inflammation, mainly Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis.
inguinal region
The crease where the lower abdomen meets the upper thigh.
inherited
Passed through genes from parent to child.
INR
A standardized blood test used to assess clotting and monitor warfarin.
insulin
Insulin is a hormone that helps sugar move from blood into cells. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তের চিনি নিয়ন্ত্রণকারী হরমোন।
insulin resistance
Reduced response of body tissues to insulin.
intermittent claudication
Leg pain during walking from reduced arterial blood flow.
international normalized ratio
A standardized blood test used to assess clotting and monitor warfarin.
interstitial lung disease
A group of disorders causing inflammation or scarring in lung tissue.
intestinal gas
Gas passed from the intestine.
intestinal obstruction
A blockage preventing contents from moving normally through the intestine.
intracranial hemorrhage
Bleeding inside or around the brain.
intracranial pressure
Pressure inside the skull from brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid.
intrauterine growth restriction
A fetus not reaching expected growth for gestational age.
invasive
Entering the body through a cut, instrument, needle, or other method.
iris
The colored eye structure that controls pupil size.
irritable bowel syndrome
A disorder causing recurrent abdominal pain with altered bowel habits.
ischemia
Ischemia means reduced blood flow and oxygen to tissue. সহজ বাংলা: টিস্যুতে রক্ত/অক্সিজেন কম পৌঁছানো।
itching
An irritating skin sensation that creates an urge to scratch.
IUGR
A fetus not reaching expected growth for gestational age.
jaundice
Jaundice means yellowing of skin or eyes, often from bilirubin buildup. সহজ বাংলা: চোখ/চামড়া হলুদ হওয়া।
jaundice disorder
Yellowing caused by bilirubin buildup in blood and tissues.
jejunum
The middle part of the small intestine.
joint capsule
A fibrous envelope surrounding a movable joint.
joint dislocation
Complete loss of normal contact between joint surfaces.
joint swelling
Enlargement around a joint from fluid, inflammation, injury, or bleeding.
kft
KFT means kidney function tests, used to assess kidney-related blood markers. সহজ বাংলা: কিডনির কাজ বোঝার পরীক্ষা।
kidney
An organ that filters blood, balances fluids, and produces urine.
kidney failure
Kidney failure means the kidneys cannot clean blood and balance fluids normally. সহজ বাংলা: কিডনি ঠিকমতো কাজ না করা।
kidney function test
Blood and urine tests assessing kidney filtration and balance.
kidneys
An organ that filters blood, balances fluids, and produces urine.
kidney stone
A hard mineral deposit formed in the urinary tract.
kidney ultrasound
Ultrasound imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract.
kneecap
The kneecap.
kyphosis
Excessive forward rounding of the upper spine.
labor
The process of uterine contractions and cervical change leading to birth.
laboratory test
A laboratory test examines blood, urine, tissue, or other samples to help diagnosis. সহজ বাংলা: রক্ত/প্রস্রাব/নমুনা পরীক্ষা।
labour
The process of uterine contractions and cervical change leading to birth.
labrum
A cartilage rim that deepens some joints, especially the shoulder and hip.
lactose intolerance
Difficulty digesting lactose, the sugar in milk.
laryngitis
Inflammation of the voice box.
larynx
The voice box containing the vocal cords.
latent
Present but inactive or not causing symptoms.
leiomyoma
A benign growth of uterine muscle.
lesion
A lesion is an abnormal area of tissue such as a spot, wound, patch, lump, or ulcer. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের অস্বাভাবিক দাগ, ক্ষত বা ফোলা অংশ।
leucocytosis
An increased white blood cell count.
leucopenia
A reduced white blood cell count.
leukaemia
Cancer of blood-forming tissues causing abnormal blood cells.
leukemia
Cancer of blood-forming tissues causing abnormal blood cells.
leukocyte
Leukocyte means white blood cell, which helps fight infection. সহজ বাংলা: শ্বেত রক্তকণিকা।
leukocytosis
An increased white blood cell count.
leukopenia
Leukopenia means low white blood cell count. সহজ বাংলা: শ্বেত রক্তকণিকা কম।
level of function
A person’s ability to perform daily activities.
lft
LFT means liver function tests, used to assess liver enzymes and related markers. সহজ বাংলা: লিভারের কাজ বোঝার পরীক্ষা।
lichenified
Lichenified means thick, rough skin with stronger skin lines, usually from long-term rubbing or scratching. সহজ বাংলা: দীর্ঘদিন চুলকানো/ঘষার কারণে চামড়া মোটা ও খসখসে হওয়া।
ligament
A ligament is strong tissue that connects bone to bone at a joint. সহজ বাংলা: হাড়কে হাড়ের সাথে যুক্ত করা টিস্যু।
ligaments
A strong band connecting bone to bone at a joint.
ligament sprain
Stretching or tearing of a ligament.
lightheadedness
A feeling that fainting may occur.
light sensitivity
Unusual discomfort or pain from light.
liver
A large organ that processes nutrients, makes bile, and removes many wastes.
liver cirrhosis
Advanced liver scarring that distorts structure and function.
liver function test
Blood tests measuring liver injury, bile flow, and protein production.
liver panel
Blood tests measuring liver injury, bile flow, and protein production.
localized
Localized means limited to one area of the body. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের এক জায়গায় সীমাবদ্ধ।
loose motion
Frequent loose or watery stools.
loss of appetite
Reduced desire to eat.
loss of consciousness
A period when a person is not awake or aware.
low back pain
Pain between the lower ribs and buttocks.
low blood sugar
Lower-than-normal blood glucose.
lower back
The five vertebrae of the lower back.
lower jaw
The lower jaw bone.
lumbar
Lumbar means related to the lower back part of the spine. সহজ বাংলা: কোমরের মেরুদণ্ড সম্পর্কিত।
lumbar pain
Pain between the lower ribs and buttocks.
lumbar puncture
A needle procedure collecting fluid from the lower spine for testing.
lumbar radiculopathy
Lower-back nerve-root irritation causing leg pain, numbness, or weakness.
lumbar spine
The five vertebrae of the lower back.
lung fibrosis
Scarring that makes lung tissue stiff and reduces oxygen transfer.
lupus
An autoimmune disease that can affect joints, skin, kidneys, blood, and other organs.
lymph gland
A small immune-system structure that filters lymph fluid.
lymph node
A small immune-system structure that filters lymph fluid.
lymph nodes
A small immune-system structure that filters lymph fluid.
lymphocyte
Lymphocyte is a white blood cell important for immune defense. সহজ বাংলা: রোগ প্রতিরোধে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ শ্বেত রক্তকণিকা।
lymphoma
Cancer arising from lymphocytes in the lymphatic system.
magnetic resonance imaging
Imaging using a strong magnetic field and radio waves.
malabsorption
Poor absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract.
malignant
Malignant means cancerous and able to invade or spread. সহজ বাংলা: ক্যান্সারজাত, ছড়াতে পারে।
mammogram
A low-dose breast X-ray used for screening or diagnosis.
mammography
A low-dose breast X-ray used for screening or diagnosis.
mandible
The lower jaw bone.
medical emergency
A condition requiring immediate assessment and treatment.
medical history
Information about symptoms, illnesses, medicines, allergies, and previous care.
medication adherence
How closely a person follows an agreed treatment plan.
melanoma
A cancer arising from pigment-producing skin cells.
melena
Black, tar-like stool usually caused by bleeding higher in the digestive tract.
meninges
Protective tissue layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
meningitis
Inflammation of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord.
meniscal tear
A tear in the cartilage pad of the knee.
menisci
A crescent-shaped cartilage pad that cushions a joint, especially the knee.
meniscus
A crescent-shaped cartilage pad that cushions a joint, especially the knee.
meniscus tear
A tear in the cartilage pad of the knee.
menopause
The permanent end of menstrual periods after loss of ovarian activity.
menorrhagia
Unusually heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
menstrual cramps
Painful menstrual periods.
metabolic syndrome
A cluster of abdominal obesity, blood-pressure, glucose, and lipid abnormalities.
metacarpal
One of the five long bones of the hand.
metacarpals
One of the five long bones of the hand.
metastasis
Metastasis means cancer has spread to another body part. সহজ বাংলা: ক্যান্সার অন্য জায়গায় ছড়িয়ে পড়া।
metatarsal
One of the five long bones of the foot.
metatarsals
One of the five long bones of the foot.
MI
Death of heart muscle caused by blocked blood flow.
migraine
Migraine is a recurring headache disorder often with throbbing pain, nausea, or light sensitivity. সহজ বাংলা: বারবার হওয়া বিশেষ ধরনের মাথাব্যথা।
mild
Small in degree or severity.
miscarriage
Loss of a pregnancy before fetal viability.
mitral regurgitation
Leakage of blood backward through the mitral valve.
mitral stenosis
Narrowing of the mitral heart valve.
mitral valve
The heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
moderate
Between mild and severe in degree.
monitoring
Repeated checking of symptoms, examination findings, or tests over time.
morning sickness
Nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy.
mri
MRI is an imaging test using magnets and radio waves to show detailed body structures. সহজ বাংলা: চুম্বক দিয়ে শরীরের বিস্তারিত ছবি।
MRI scan
Imaging using a strong magnetic field and radio waves.
MS
An immune disease damaging myelin in the brain and spinal cord.
multifactorial
Caused or influenced by several factors.
multiple myeloma
Cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow.
multiple sclerosis
An immune disease damaging myelin in the brain and spinal cord.
muscle ache
Pain in one or more muscles.
muscle pain
Pain in one or more muscles.
muscle strain
Stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon fibers.
muscle weakness
Reduced ability of a muscle or muscle group to produce force.
myalgia
Pain in one or more muscles.
myeloma
Cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow.
myelopathy
Myelopathy means spinal cord dysfunction, often causing weakness, numbness, balance trouble, or coordination problems. সহজ বাংলা: স্পাইনাল কর্ডের সমস্যা।
myocardial infarction
Death of heart muscle caused by blocked blood flow.
myocarditis
Inflammation of heart muscle.
myocardium
The muscular middle layer of the heart wall.
myopathy
Disease affecting muscle tissue.
nasal congestion
Blocked or stuffy nasal passages.
nasal septum
The wall dividing the two sides of the nose.
nausea
Nausea means feeling like vomiting. সহজ বাংলা: বমি বমি ভাব।
NCS
A test measuring how quickly and strongly nerves carry electrical signals.
neonatal
Related to the first 28 days after birth.
neonatal jaundice
Yellowing in a newborn caused by increased bilirubin.
neoplasm
An abnormal tissue growth that may be benign or malignant.
nephritis
Inflammation of kidney tissue.
nephrolithiasis
A hard mineral deposit formed in the urinary tract.
nephron
The microscopic functional unit of the kidney.
nephrons
The microscopic functional unit of the kidney.
nephrotic syndrome
A kidney disorder causing heavy urine protein loss, low blood protein, and swelling.
nerve conduction study
A test measuring how quickly and strongly nerves carry electrical signals.
neuralgia
Sharp or burning pain along a nerve.
neuropathy
Neuropathy means nerve damage or irritation causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness. সহজ বাংলা: স্নায়ুর ক্ষতি/সমস্যা।
neutropenia
Neutropenia means low neutrophil count, which may increase infection risk. সহজ বাংলা: নিউট্রোফিল কম থাকা, সংক্রমণের ঝুঁকি বাড়তে পারে।
neutrophil
Neutrophil is a white blood cell important for fighting bacterial infection. সহজ বাংলা: ব্যাকটেরিয়ার বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করা শ্বেত রক্তকণিকা।
newborn jaundice
Yellowing in a newborn caused by increased bilirubin.
newborn period
Related to the first 28 days after birth.
night sweats
Heavy sweating during sleep.
nodule
A nodule is a small solid lump or raised area. সহজ বাংলা: ছোট শক্ত গুটি।
noninvasive
Not requiring an instrument or incision to enter the body.
nonoperative treatment
Care that avoids surgery when safe, using measures such as rest, therapy, or medicines.
nuclear medicine scan
Imaging that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer.
numbness
Numbness means reduced or absent feeling in an area. সহজ বাংলা: অবশ লাগা।
OA
Joint degeneration involving cartilage loss and bone changes.
objective finding
A sign that can be observed, measured, or tested.
obstructive sleep apnea
Repeated upper-airway blockage during sleep.
obstructive sleep apnoea
Repeated upper-airway blockage during sleep.
odynophagia
Pain during swallowing.
oesophagus
The tube carrying food from the throat to the stomach.
oligohydramnios
Too little amniotic fluid around the fetus.
oliguria
Passing less urine than expected.
oncogene
A gene that can promote cancer when abnormally activated.
onset
The time when a symptom or condition begins.
optic nerve
The nerve carrying visual signals from the eye to the brain.
orthopnea
Breathlessness that becomes worse when lying flat.
orthopnoea
Breathlessness that becomes worse when lying flat.
OSA
Repeated upper-airway blockage during sleep.
osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is wear-and-tear joint disease causing pain and stiffness. সহজ বাংলা: বয়স/ক্ষয়ের কারণে জয়েন্টের ব্যথা।
osteomyelitis
Infection and inflammation of bone.
osteopenia
Bone density lower than normal but not as low as osteoporosis.
osteophyte
An osteophyte is a bony spur that can form near joints or the spine. সহজ বাংলা: হাড়ের বাড়তি কাঁটার মতো অংশ।
osteoporosis
Osteoporosis means weak, fragile bones with higher fracture risk. সহজ বাংলা: হাড় দুর্বল হয়ে ভাঙার ঝুঁকি বেশি।
outpatient
Able to walk, or related to care provided without hospital admission.
ovaries
A reproductive organ that releases eggs and produces hormones.
ovary
A reproductive organ that releases eggs and produces hormones.
ovulation
Release of an egg from an ovary.
oxygen saturation
A noninvasive estimate of blood oxygen saturation using a sensor.
PAD
Reduced blood flow to limbs from narrowed arteries.
pain
Pain is an unpleasant feeling that may warn of injury, inflammation, or disease. সহজ বাংলা: ব্যথা।
painful swallowing
Pain during swallowing.
palliative care
Care focused on comfort, symptoms, and quality of life during serious illness.
palpitation
Palpitation means feeling the heartbeat as racing, pounding, or irregular. সহজ বাংলা: বুক ধড়ফড় করা।
palpitations
Awareness of a fast, pounding, fluttering, or irregular heartbeat.
pancreas
An organ making digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin.
pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas.
pancytopenia
Pancytopenia means red cells, white cells, and platelets are all low. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তের তিন ধরনের কণিকাই কম।
Pap smear
A screening test collecting cervical cells to look for precancerous changes.
Pap test
A screening test collecting cervical cells to look for precancerous changes.
paraesthesia
Tingling, pins-and-needles, burning, or other altered sensation.
paralysis
Loss of voluntary muscle movement in part of the body.
parasite
A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside another organism and may cause disease. সহজ বাংলা: অন্য জীবের শরীরে থাকা পরজীবী।
parasitic infection
Illness caused by a parasite living in or on the body.
paresthesia
Paresthesia means abnormal feelings such as tingling, pins and needles, burning, or numbness. সহজ বাংলা: ঝিনঝিন/অবশ/জ্বালাভাব।
Parkinson's disease
A progressive brain disorder affecting movement and sometimes thinking or mood.
Parkinson disease
A progressive brain disorder affecting movement and sometimes thinking or mood.
patella
The kneecap.
patient-centered care
Care planned around the patient’s needs, values, and preferences.
PCOS
A hormonal disorder involving irregular ovulation and androgen excess.
PE
A blockage in a lung artery, often from a travelling blood clot.
peak expiratory flow
A breathing test measuring the fastest air flow out of the lungs.
peak flow
A breathing test measuring the fastest air flow out of the lungs.
pelvic pain
Pain felt in the lower abdomen or pelvic region.
pelvis
The lower trunk region and bony ring connecting the spine to the legs.
peptic ulcer
An open sore in the stomach or first part of the small intestine.
peptic ulcer disease
An open sore in the stomach or first part of the small intestine.
pericarditis
Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart.
pericardium
The protective sac surrounding the heart.
peripheral artery disease
Reduced blood flow to limbs from narrowed arteries.
peripheral neuropathy
Nerve damage outside the brain and spinal cord.
peripheral vascular disease
Reduced blood flow to limbs from narrowed arteries.
peritoneum
The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering many organs.
PET scan
Imaging that shows tissue metabolism using a radioactive tracer.
PFT
Breathing tests measuring airflow, lung volume, and gas transfer.
pharynx
The throat passage behind the nose and mouth.
phlegm
Mucus coughed up from the lower airways.
photophobia
Unusual discomfort or pain from light.
physical therapy
Physical therapy uses exercise, manual techniques, education, and movement training to improve function. সহজ বাংলা: ব্যায়াম ও থেরাপির মাধ্যমে চলাফেরা/ব্যথা উন্নত করা।
piles
A swollen vein around the anus or lower rectum.
pituitary gland
A small brain-based gland controlling many other hormone glands.
placenta
The pregnancy organ that exchanges oxygen, nutrients, and wastes between mother and fetus.
placental abruption
Early separation of the placenta from the uterine wall.
placenta praevia
Placenta lying low and partly or completely covering the cervical opening.
placenta previa
Placenta lying low and partly or completely covering the cervical opening.
plantar fasciitis
Irritation or degeneration of tissue along the sole near the heel.
plaque
A plaque is a raised or thickened patch of skin or tissue. সহজ বাংলা: চামড়া বা টিস্যুর উঁচু/মোটা প্যাচ।
platelet
Platelets are blood cells that help stop bleeding by forming clots. সহজ বাংলা: রক্ত জমাট বাঁধতে সাহায্য করা কণিকা।
pleura
The two thin membranes covering the lungs and lining the chest.
pleural effusion
Abnormal fluid buildup between the lung and chest wall.
pleural membrane
The two thin membranes covering the lungs and lining the chest.
pleuritic pain
Sharp chest pain made worse by breathing or coughing.
pneumonia
Infection or inflammation of lung air sacs.
pneumothorax
Air around a lung causing partial or complete collapse.
polycystic ovary syndrome
A hormonal disorder involving irregular ovulation and androgen excess.
polycythaemia
An abnormally increased concentration of red blood cells.
polycythemia
An abnormally increased concentration of red blood cells.
polyuria
Polyuria means passing unusually large amounts of urine. সহজ বাংলা: বেশি প্রস্রাব হওয়া।
portal hypertension
High pressure in the vein system carrying blood to the liver.
positron emission tomography
Imaging that shows tissue metabolism using a radioactive tracer.
postnatal
The period after childbirth.
postpartum
The period after childbirth.
pre-eclampsia
Pregnancy-related high blood pressure with signs of organ involvement.
preeclampsia
Pregnancy-related high blood pressure with signs of organ involvement.
preexisting condition
A health condition already present before a new illness, treatment, or insurance period.
pregnancy duration
The period of pregnancy from conception to birth.
pregnancy test
A test detecting the hormone hCG in urine or blood.
premature baby
A baby born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.
premature infant
A baby born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.
premature labor
Labor beginning before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.
prenatal
Related to the period before birth during pregnancy.
prescription
A prescription is a clinician’s written order for medicine or treatment. সহজ বাংলা: ডাক্তারের লিখিত ওষুধ নির্দেশনা।
preterm infant
A baby born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.
preterm labor
Labor beginning before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.
preterm labour
Labor beginning before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.
preventative care
Care intended to prevent disease or find risk early.
preventive care
Care intended to prevent disease or find risk early.
primary condition
The main condition responsible for care or symptoms.
productive cough
A cough that brings up mucus or phlegm.
prognosis
Prognosis means the expected course or outcome of a condition. সহজ বাংলা: রোগের ভবিষ্যৎ অবস্থা/ফলাফল।
progression
Worsening or spread of a disease over time.
prostate
A gland below the bladder that contributes fluid to semen.
proteinuria
Proteinuria means protein is present in urine, sometimes from kidney disease. সহজ বাংলা: প্রস্রাবে প্রোটিন থাকা।
prothrombin time
A blood test measuring part of the clotting process.
pruritus
Pruritus means itching. সহজ বাংলা: চুলকানি।
PsA
Inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis.
psoriasis
A chronic immune skin disease causing thick, scaly plaques.
psoriatic arthritis
Inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis.
PT
A blood test measuring part of the clotting process.
PUD
An open sore in the stomach or first part of the small intestine.
pulmonary artery
The vessel carrying blood from the heart to the lungs.
pulmonary embolism
A blockage in a lung artery, often from a travelling blood clot.
pulmonary fibrosis
Scarring that makes lung tissue stiff and reduces oxygen transfer.
pulmonary function test
Breathing tests measuring airflow, lung volume, and gas transfer.
pulmonary hypertension
High blood pressure in the vessels carrying blood through the lungs.
pulmonary vein
A vessel carrying oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.
pulse oximetry
A noninvasive estimate of blood oxygen saturation using a sensor.
pupil
The opening in the iris that lets light enter the eye.
pus
Pus is thick fluid made of immune cells and germs during infection. সহজ বাংলা: সংক্রমণে তৈরি পুঁজ।
pyelonephritis
Infection or inflammation of a kidney and its collecting system.
RA
An immune inflammatory disease affecting joints and sometimes other organs.
radiation therapy
Treatment using high-energy radiation to damage cancer cells.
radiculopathy
Radiculopathy means nerve-root irritation or compression causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness. সহজ বাংলা: নার্ভ রুট চাপা/জ্বালায় ব্যথা বা অবশভাব।
radiograph
Imaging using a small dose of ionizing radiation.
radiotherapy
Treatment using high-energy radiation to damage cancer cells.
radius
The forearm bone on the thumb side.
rash
A rash is a visible change in the skin, often red, itchy, bumpy, or scaly. সহজ বাংলা: চামড়ায় দাগ/লালচে/চুলকানিযুক্ত পরিবর্তন।
rectal bleeding
Blood passed from the anus or seen with stool.
rectum
The final part of the large intestine before the anus.
recurrence
Returning again after improvement.
recurrent
Returning again after improvement.
refractory
Not responding adequately to usual treatment.
rehabilitation
Rehabilitation helps restore function, strength, movement, or independence after illness or injury. সহজ বাংলা: অসুস্থতা/আঘাতের পর স্বাভাবিক কাজে ফিরতে সহায়তা।
relapse
Relapse means symptoms or disease return after improvement. সহজ বাংলা: ভালো হওয়ার পর রোগ ফিরে আসা।
remission
Remission means signs and symptoms are reduced or not detectable for a period. সহজ বাংলা: রোগ কমে থাকা/নিয়ন্ত্রণে থাকা।
renal
Renal means related to the kidney. সহজ বাংলা: কিডনি সম্পর্কিত।
renal calculus
A hard mineral deposit formed in the urinary tract.
renal failure
Severe loss of kidney function.
renal function test
Blood and urine tests assessing kidney filtration and balance.
renal pelvis
The kidney’s funnel-shaped collecting area that drains urine to the ureter.
renal ultrasound
Ultrasound imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract.
respiratory failure
Inability of the lungs to provide enough oxygen or remove enough carbon dioxide.
retina
The light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye.
rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune joint disease causing inflammation, pain, and swelling. সহজ বাংলা: রোগপ্রতিরোধ ব্যবস্থার ভুল আক্রমণে জয়েন্টের প্রদাহ।
rhinitis
Inflammation of the lining inside the nose.
rhinosinusitis
Inflammation of the sinus lining.
rib cage
The ribs and breastbone protecting organs in the chest.
rigidity
Abnormal stiffness or resistance to movement.
ringing in ears
Hearing ringing or another sound without an outside source.
risk factor
Something that increases the chance of developing a condition.
rotator cuff tear
Damage to one or more tendons stabilizing the shoulder.
sacrum
The triangular bone at the base of the spine between the hip bones.
sarcoma
A cancer arising from bone or connective tissues such as muscle or fat.
scab
A scab is a dry crust that forms over a healing wound. সহজ বাংলা: ক্ষত শুকিয়ে খোসা হওয়া।
scabies
An itchy skin infestation caused by mites.
scapula
The shoulder blade.
SCD
An inherited hemoglobin disorder causing rigid sickled red cells.
sciatica
Sciatica means pain traveling along the sciatic nerve, often from lower back to leg. সহজ বাংলা: কোমর থেকে পায়ে নামা নার্ভের ব্যথা।
sciatic nerve
The large nerve running from the lower back through the leg.
sclera
The tough white outer layer of the eye.
sclerosis
Sclerosis means abnormal hardening, scarring, or thickening of tissue. সহজ বাংলা: টিস্যু শক্ত/দাগযুক্ত হওয়া।
scoliosis
Sideways curvature and rotation of the spine.
screening
Screening means testing before symptoms to find disease or risk early. সহজ বাংলা: লক্ষণ না থাকলেও আগে থেকে পরীক্ষা।
seizure
A seizure is abnormal electrical activity in the brain that can cause shaking, staring, or loss of awareness. সহজ বাংলা: মস্তিষ্কের বৈদ্যুতিক গোলযোগে খিঁচুনি/অচেতনতা।
sepsis
Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an abnormal response to infection.
septic arthritis
Joint infection causing acute inflammation.
septic shock
Sepsis with severe circulatory and metabolic failure.
sequela
A lasting effect that remains after an illness or injury.
sequelae
A lasting effect that remains after an illness or injury.
serology
Blood testing for antibodies or antigens related to infection or immunity.
severe
Marked or intense in degree and potentially serious.
shin bone
The larger weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
shock
Dangerously inadequate circulation and oxygen delivery to body tissues.
shortness of breath
The feeling of difficult or insufficient breathing.
shoulder blade
The shoulder blade.
sickle cell disease
An inherited hemoglobin disorder causing rigid sickled red cells.
side effect
A side effect is an unintended effect of a medicine or treatment. সহজ বাংলা: ওষুধের অতিরিক্ত/অনাকাঙ্ক্ষিত প্রভাব।
sinus
An air-filled space in a skull bone, or a channel in some tissues.
sinuses
An air-filled space in a skull bone, or a channel in some tissues.
sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinus lining.
skin discoloration
A change from the usual color of skin.
skin ulcer
An open sore caused by tissue breakdown.
skull
The skull portion enclosing the brain.
SLE
An autoimmune disease that can affect joints, skin, kidneys, blood, and other organs.
sleep apnea
Repeated pauses or reductions in breathing during sleep.
sleep apnoea
Repeated pauses or reductions in breathing during sleep.
slipped disc
A spinal disc bulge or rupture that may irritate nearby nerves.
slow heart rate
A slower-than-expected heart rate.
small intestine
The digestive tube where most nutrient absorption occurs.
soft spot
A soft membrane-covered gap between an infant’s skull bones.
sore throat
Pain, scratchiness, or irritation in the throat.
spasm
A spasm is sudden involuntary muscle tightening. সহজ বাংলা: অনিচ্ছায় মাংসপেশি সঙ্কুচিত হওয়া।
speech difficulty
Trouble producing, understanding, or controlling speech.
spinal cord
The nerve tissue connecting the brain with the body through the spine.
spinal cord compression
Pressure on the spinal cord that may affect strength, sensation, or bladder function.
spinal stenosis
Narrowing around the spinal cord or nerve roots.
spinal tap
A needle procedure collecting fluid from the lower spine for testing.
spirometry
Breathing tests measuring airflow, lung volume, and gas transfer.
spleen
An organ that filters blood and supports immune function.
SpO2
A noninvasive estimate of blood oxygen saturation using a sensor.
spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis means one spinal bone slips forward over another. সহজ বাংলা: মেরুদণ্ডের একটি হাড় সামনে সরে যাওয়া।
spondylosis
Spondylosis means age-related wear-and-tear changes in the spine. সহজ বাংলা: মেরুদণ্ডের ক্ষয়জনিত পরিবর্তন।
spontaneous abortion
Loss of a pregnancy before fetal viability.
sprain
A sprain is injury to a ligament around a joint. সহজ বাংলা: জয়েন্টের লিগামেন্টে টান/আঘাত।
sputum
Mucus coughed up from the lower airways.
stable angina
Predictable chest discomfort during exertion that improves with rest or prescribed medicine.
stable condition
A condition that is not currently worsening.
staging
A description of how far cancer has grown or spread.
stenosis
Stenosis means abnormal narrowing of a canal, vessel, valve, or passage. সহজ বাংলা: নালি/পথ অস্বাভাবিক সরু হওয়া।
sternum
The breastbone in the center of the chest.
steroid
A steroid is a medicine that can strongly reduce inflammation and immune activity when prescribed. সহজ বাংলা: প্রদাহ কমানোর শক্তিশালী ওষুধ।
stiffness
Stiffness means difficulty moving a joint or body part freely. সহজ বাংলা: শক্ত/জড় লাগা।
stillbirth
Birth of a baby with no signs of life after the defined gestational threshold.
stomach pain
Pain felt anywhere between the chest and groin.
stool culture
A laboratory test checking stool for disease-causing microbes.
strain
A strain is injury to a muscle or tendon. সহজ বাংলা: মাংসপেশি/টেনডনে টান।
stress test
A test assessing heart function during exercise or medicine-induced stress.
stridor
A harsh high-pitched breathing sound from narrowed upper airways.
stroke
Stroke happens when brain blood flow is blocked or bleeding occurs in the brain. সহজ বাংলা: মস্তিষ্কে রক্ত চলাচল বন্ধ/রক্তক্ষরণ।
stuffy nose
Blocked or stuffy nasal passages.
subacute
Developing less suddenly than acute disease but not lasting as long as chronic disease.
subjective symptom
A problem felt and reported by the patient.
supraventricular tachycardia
A rapid heart rhythm starting above the ventricles.
surveillance
Repeated checking of symptoms, examination findings, or tests over time.
SVT
A rapid heart rhythm starting above the ventricles.
swallowing difficulty
Difficulty swallowing.
swelling
Swelling means enlargement of a body part from fluid, inflammation, injury, or growth. সহজ বাংলা: ফোলা।
syncope
A brief loss of consciousness from reduced blood flow to the brain.
syndrome
A group of signs and symptoms that occur together.
synovium
The membrane lining a movable joint and producing lubricating fluid.
systemic
Systemic means affecting the whole body or multiple body systems. সহজ বাংলা: পুরো শরীর/অনেক অঙ্গকে প্রভাবিত করা।
systemic lupus erythematosus
An autoimmune disease that can affect joints, skin, kidneys, blood, and other organs.
T1D
Diabetes caused by immune destruction of insulin-producing cells.
T2D
Diabetes mainly involving insulin resistance and gradual insulin deficiency.
tachycardia
Tachycardia means faster-than-normal heart rate. সহজ বাংলা: হার্টবিট বেশি দ্রুত।
tailbone
The small tailbone at the bottom of the spine.
targeted therapy
Treatment aimed at specific molecules or pathways involved in disease.
TB
An infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually affecting the lungs.
tenderness
Tenderness means pain when an area is touched or pressed. সহজ বাংলা: চাপ দিলে ব্যথা।
tendinitis
Inflammation or irritation of a tendon.
tendinopathy
Pain and impaired tendon function from injury or degeneration.
tendon
A tendon is strong tissue that connects muscle to bone. সহজ বাংলা: মাংসপেশি ও হাড়ের সংযোগকারী টিস্যু।
tendon disorder
Pain and impaired tendon function from injury or degeneration.
tendonitis
Inflammation or irritation of a tendon.
tendons
A strong cord connecting muscle to bone.
TFT
Blood tests measuring thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone.
thalassaemia
An inherited disorder reducing production of normal hemoglobin.
thalassemia
An inherited disorder reducing production of normal hemoglobin.
therapeutic
Intended to treat, relieve, or improve a health problem.
thigh bone
The thigh bone and the body’s longest bone.
thoracic
Thoracic means related to the chest or mid-back region. সহজ বাংলা: বুক/মাঝ পিঠের অংশ সম্পর্কিত।
thoracic cage
The ribs and breastbone protecting organs in the chest.
throat
The throat passage behind the nose and mouth.
throat pain
Pain, scratchiness, or irritation in the throat.
thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia means low platelet count, which can increase bleeding risk. সহজ বাংলা: প্লাটিলেট কম।
thrombosis
Thrombosis means a blood clot forms inside a blood vessel. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তনালির ভিতরে রক্ত জমাট বাঁধা।
thyroid
Thyroid is a neck gland that makes hormones controlling body energy and metabolism. সহজ বাংলা: গলার গ্রন্থি যা শরীরের শক্তি/মেটাবলিজম নিয়ন্ত্রণ করে।
thyroid function test
Blood tests measuring thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone.
thyroiditis
Inflammation of the thyroid gland.
thyroid nodule
A lump or distinct area within the thyroid gland.
TIA
Temporary neurologic symptoms caused by brief reduced brain blood flow.
tibia
The larger weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
tingling
Tingling, pins-and-needles, burning, or other altered sensation.
tinnitus
Hearing ringing or another sound without an outside source.
trachea
The windpipe carrying air toward the lungs.
transient ischaemic attack
Temporary neurologic symptoms caused by brief reduced brain blood flow.
transient ischemic attack
Temporary neurologic symptoms caused by brief reduced brain blood flow.
trauma
Physical injury, or severe emotional harm depending on context.
treatment-resistant
Not responding adequately to usual treatment.
treatment adherence
How closely a person follows an agreed treatment plan.
tremor
Tremor means involuntary shaking. সহজ বাংলা: অনিচ্ছাকৃত কাঁপুনি।
tuberculosis
An infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually affecting the lungs.
tumor
An abnormal tissue growth that may be benign or malignant.
tumor grade
A description of how abnormal cancer cells look and how aggressively they may behave.
tumor suppressor gene
A gene that normally helps prevent uncontrolled cell growth.
tumour
An abnormal tissue growth that may be benign or malignant.
tumour suppressor gene
A gene that normally helps prevent uncontrolled cell growth.
tympanic membrane
The thin membrane that vibrates with sound.
type 1 diabetes
Diabetes caused by immune destruction of insulin-producing cells.
type 2 diabetes
Diabetes mainly involving insulin resistance and gradual insulin deficiency.
UC
Chronic inflammation and ulcers affecting the colon lining.
ulcer
An ulcer is an open sore where surface tissue has broken down. সহজ বাংলা: খোলা ক্ষত/ঘা।
ulcerative
Ulcerative means related to ulcers or open sores. সহজ বাংলা: ঘা/আলসার সম্পর্কিত।
ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation and ulcers affecting the colon lining.
ulna
The forearm bone on the little-finger side.
ultrasound
Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of internal organs and tissues. সহজ বাংলা: শব্দ তরঙ্গে শরীরের ভিতরের ছবি।
unconsciousness
A period when a person is not awake or aware.
unilateral
Affecting one side of the body.
upper respiratory infection
An infection affecting the nose, sinuses, throat, or upper airways.
ureter
A tube carrying urine from a kidney to the bladder.
ureters
A tube carrying urine from a kidney to the bladder.
urethra
The tube carrying urine from the bladder out of the body.
URI
An infection affecting the nose, sinuses, throat, or upper airways.
urinalysis
Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine.
urinary bladder
The muscular organ that stores urine.
urinary frequency
Passing urine more often than usual.
urinary retention
Inability to empty the bladder fully.
urinary tract infection
An infection in the bladder, urethra, ureter, or kidney.
urinary urgency
A sudden strong need to urinate that is difficult to delay.
urine culture
A laboratory test checking urine for bacterial growth.
urine routine test
Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine.
urticaria
Raised itchy welts caused by release of inflammatory chemicals in skin.
uterine fibroid
A benign growth of uterine muscle.
uterine tube
A tube carrying an egg from an ovary toward the uterus.
uterus
The muscular organ where pregnancy develops.
UTI
An infection in the bladder, urethra, ureter, or kidney.
vaccine
A vaccine helps the immune system protect against infection. সহজ বাংলা: রোগ প্রতিরোধের টিকা।
vagina
The muscular canal connecting the cervix to the outside of the body.
vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina.
valvular heart disease
Disease affecting one or more heart valves.
vein
A blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart.
veins
A blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart.
ventricle
One of the heart’s lower pumping chambers, or a fluid space in the brain.
ventricles
One of the heart’s lower pumping chambers, or a fluid space in the brain.
ventricular fibrillation
A life-threatening rhythm in which the ventricles quiver instead of pumping.
ventricular tachycardia
A rapid heart rhythm beginning in the ventricles.
vertebra
One of the bones forming the spine.
vertebrae
One of the bones forming the spine.
vertigo
Vertigo means a spinning sensation or feeling that surroundings are moving. সহজ বাংলা: মাথা ঘোরা, চারপাশ ঘুরছে মনে হওয়া।
VF
A life-threatening rhythm in which the ventricles quiver instead of pumping.
viraemia
Viruses present in the bloodstream.
viral
Viral means caused by or related to a virus. সহজ বাংলা: ভাইরাস সম্পর্কিত।
viral infection
Illness caused by a virus multiplying in the body.
viremia
Viruses present in the bloodstream.
visual acuity
A measurement of how clearly a person sees.
vital signs
Basic measurements such as temperature, pulse, breathing rate, blood pressure, and oxygen level.
vitiligo
Loss of skin pigment in patches from destruction of pigment cells.
vocal cord
A tissue fold in the larynx that vibrates to make sound.
vocal fold
A tissue fold in the larynx that vibrates to make sound.
voice box
The voice box containing the vocal cords.
vomiting
Vomiting means forcefully throwing up stomach contents. সহজ বাংলা: বমি হওয়া।
VT
A rapid heart rhythm beginning in the ventricles.
WBC count
The number of white blood cells in a blood sample.
weakness
Weakness means reduced strength or power. সহজ বাংলা: শক্তি কম লাগা।
weaning
Gradually changing an infant from breast milk or formula to other feeding.
weight loss
Unexplained weight loss means losing weight without trying and may need medical evaluation. সহজ বাংলা: কারণ ছাড়া ওজন কমা।
well-being
Overall physical, mental, and social health.
wheezing
A musical whistling sound during breathing, usually from narrowed airways.
white blood cell count
The number of white blood cells in a blood sample.
windpipe
The windpipe carrying air toward the lungs.
without symptoms
Having a condition without noticeable symptoms.
womb
The muscular organ where pregnancy develops.
x-ray
X-ray is an imaging test often used to see bones and some chest problems. সহজ বাংলা: হাড়/বুক দেখার ছবি পরীক্ষা।
X-ray imaging
Imaging using a small dose of ionizing radiation.
