Category: Rx Neurology (A – Z)

Delayed-onset extrapontine myelinolysis is a form of osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) in which the protective coating (myelin) around nerve fibers outside the pons (the...

Classic extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) is a form of osmotic demyelination syndrome in which rapid shifts in serum osmolality—most often following overly rapid correction of...

Extrapontine Myelinolysis is a neurological disorder in which the protective coating (myelin) around nerve fibers outside the brainstem (particularly in areas like the basal...

Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM) is a neurological disorder characterized by the rapid destruction of the myelin sheath—the protective covering of nerve fibers—in the central...

Marchiafava–Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by degeneration and necrosis of the corpus callosum—the thick band of nerve fibers that connects...

Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder—also known as myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis or Schilder’s disease—is a rare, monophasic demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system primarily...

Schilder’s disease, also known as myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis, is a rare, sporadic demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by the formation of...

Classic tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare and distinctive form of MS characterized by one or more large demyelinating lesions—typically greater than 2...

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), historically known as Devic’s disease, is a rare autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the...

Demyelination refers to damage or loss of the myelin sheath, the fatty insulation that wraps around nerve fibers (axons) and enables rapid electrical conduction....

Tumefactive demyelination is a rare form of central nervous system (CNS) white-matter injury in which patches of myelin loss grow large enough—often exceeding 2...

Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy is a group of disorders characterized by damage to the myelin sheath—the protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers in the peripheral...

Paraneoplastic demyelination is an uncommon neurological disorder in which the body’s immune response to a distant cancer mistakenly attacks the myelin sheaths of neurons...

Glycoprotein Antibody Disease (GAD) is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly targets and produces antibodies against specific glycoproteins—molecules composed of...

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare, immune-mediated disorder in which the body’s own antibodies attack the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) on...

Balo’s Concentric Sclerosis (BCS) is a rare and severe variant of multiple sclerosis characterized by distinctive “onion‐bulb” lesions in the brain’s white matter. Unlike...

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS) is a serious neurological condition that occurs when rapid shifts in the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance lead to damage...

Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM) is a neurological disorder characterized by damage to the myelin sheath—the protective covering of nerve cells—within the central part of...

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an uncommon, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by widespread demyelination—that is, loss of the...

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the central nervous system—primarily the optic nerves...