Browse plain-English disease and condition guides, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, prevention, and when to seek medical care.
12 Cranial Nerves/The cranial nerves provide afferent and efferent (sensory, motor, and autonomic) innervation to the structures of the head and neck. Unlike spinal nerves whose...
Read articleThe abducens nerve is a crucial part of our body’s nervous system, responsible for controlling the movement of our eyes. However, when this nerve undergoes atrophy,...
Read articleAbducens nerve cancer, also known as abducens nerve schwannoma or abducens nerve glioma, is a rare type of tumor that affects the sixth cranial nerve. This...
Read articleAbducens nerve compression occurs when the sixth cranial nerve, responsible for controlling eye movement, is squeezed or damaged. This condition can lead to various symptoms affecting...
Read articleAbducens nerve degeneration is a condition that affects the sixth cranial nerve, which controls the movement of the eye. This article aims to provide a clear...
Read articleAbducens nerve diseases affect the sixth cranial nerve, responsible for controlling eye movement. These conditions can lead to various symptoms, affecting vision and overall health. Understanding...
Read articleAbducens nerve disorders can cause problems with eye movement, leading to various symptoms and difficulties. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for these disorders...
Read articleAbducens nerve dysfunction, also known as sixth nerve palsy or cranial nerve VI dysfunction, affects the nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the lateral rectus...
Read articleAbducens nerve dysfunction and ischemia are medical conditions that affect different parts of the body but can have significant impacts on a person’s health and wellbeing....
Read articleAbducens nerve lesions can lead to various difficulties in eye movement and coordination. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for these lesions is crucial...
Read articleAbducens nerve malformation is a condition affecting the sixth cranial nerve, which controls the movement of the eye. When this nerve is not functioning properly due...
Read articleAbducens nerve neuralgia, often referred to as sixth nerve neuralgia, is a condition that affects the sixth cranial nerve, responsible for controlling the movement of the...
Read articleSymptomatic cerebral syndrome refers to the collection of clinical signs and symptoms that arise when the brain’s normal function is disrupted by an underlying pathology. Unlike...
Read articleTumor-associated childhood diencephalic syndrome is a rare condition in which a brain tumor affecting the diencephalon leads to a characteristic set of symptoms primarily seen in...
Read articleLate-Onset (Childhood) Diencephalic Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder that arises from dysfunction of the diencephalon—the part of the brain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus—in...
Read articleClassical (Infantile) Diencephalic Syndrome—also known as Russell’s syndrome—is a rare neurological disorder of early childhood characterized by profound failure to thrive despite a normal or only...
Read articleDiencephalic syndrome is a rare neurological disorder of infancy and early childhood, characterized by profound weight loss and failure to thrive despite a normal—or even increased—caloric...
Read articleSymptomatic narcolepsy is a form of narcolepsy that arises secondary to an identifiable underlying condition affecting the brain’s sleep–wake regulatory centers. Unlike primary narcolepsy—where no clear...
Read articleAcute Brainstem Syndrome refers to a group of sudden-onset neurological symptoms arising from damage to the brainstem, the vital structure that connects the spinal cord with...
Read articleArea Postrema Syndrome (APS) is a neurological condition characterized by intractable nausea, vomiting, and hiccups resulting from dysfunction or lesion of the area postrema—a small, specialized...
Read articleSubclinical Osmotic Demyelination (SOD) refers to a form of osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) in which damage to the myelin sheaths of neurons occurs without producing immediately...
Read articleMixed Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (Mixed ODS) is a neurological disorder characterized by the destruction of myelin—the protective sheath around nerve fibers—in both the central pons (the...
Read articleExtrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) is a neurological disorder characterized by damage to the protective myelin sheath of nerve fibers in regions of the brain outside the pons....
Read articleDuret hemorrhages are small, linear bleeds within the midline of the brainstem—most often the pons—resulting from downward displacement (transtentorial herniation) of the cerebral hemispheres (the supratentorial...
Read articleMassive peduncular hemorrhage is a rare but devastating form of intracerebral bleeding, localized to the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain. Because the peduncle carries the corticospinal...
Read articleCircumscribed small peduncular hemorrhage is a focal, well-defined bleed within one of the brain’s peduncles—most often the cerebellar peduncles—that measures less than 15 mm in diameter...
Read articleLateral peduncular hemorrhage is a rare form of intracerebral hemorrhage that occurs within the lateral aspect of the cerebral peduncle, a structure of the midbrain that...
Read articleA preganglionic sympathetic chain lesion occurs when the second-order neuron of the sympathetic nervous system—running from the spinal cord to the sympathetic ganglia—is damaged or interrupted....
Read articleAn internal watershed infarct, also known as an internal border-zone infarct, is a type of ischemic stroke that occurs in the deep white-matter regions of the...
Read articleCortical watershed infarcts are areas of brain tissue injury that occur at the junctions (or “watersheds”) between two major arterial territories in the cerebral cortex. Unlike...
Read articleA lumbar spinal cord infarct, often called a spinal cord stroke, occurs when the blood supply to the lower (lumbar) portion of the spinal cord is...
Read articleA thoracic spinal cord infarct, also known as a spinal cord stroke, occurs when the blood supply to the spinal cord at the thoracic (mid-back) level...
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