Internal Iliac Artery Infarction

Last updated: February 8, 2026Reviewed date: February 8, 2026Reading time: 8 min read
Patient Tools

Read, save, and share this guide

Use these quick tools to make this medical article easier to read, print, save, or share with a family member.

Article Summary

Internal Iliac Artery Infarction occurs when the blood supply to the internal iliac artery, a crucial vessel in the pelvic region, is disrupted, leading to a range of symptoms. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, drugs, and surgeries associated with Internal Iliac Artery Infarction in a simple and easily understandable language. Types of Internal Iliac Artery...

Key Takeaways

  • This article explains Causes of Internal Iliac Artery Infarction: in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Symptoms of Internal Iliac Artery Infarction: in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Diagnostic Tests for Internal Iliac Artery Infarction: in simple medical language.
  • This article explains Treatments for Internal Iliac Artery Infarction: in simple medical language.
Educational health guideWritten for patient understanding and clinical awareness.
Reviewed content workflowUse writer and reviewer profiles for stronger trust.
Emergency safety firstUrgent warning signs are highlighted below.

Seek urgent medical care if you notice

These warning signs are general safety guidance. Local emergency numbers and clinical judgment should always come first.

  • Severe symptoms, breathing difficulty, fainting, confusion, or rapidly worsening illness.
  • New weakness, severe pain, high fever, or symptoms after a serious injury.
  • Any symptom that feels urgent, unusual, or unsafe for the patient.
1

Emergency now

Use emergency care for severe, sudden, rapidly worsening, or life-threatening symptoms.

2

See a doctor

Book a professional medical evaluation if symptoms persist, worsen, recur often, affect daily activities, or occur in a high-risk patient.

3

Learn safely

Use this article to understand possible causes, tests, treatment options, prevention, and questions to ask your clinician.

Internal Iliac Artery Infarction occurs when the blood supply to the internal iliac artery, a crucial vessel in the pelvic region, is disrupted, leading to a range of symptoms. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, drugs, and surgeries associated with Internal Iliac Artery Infarction in a simple and easily understandable language.

Types of Internal Iliac Artery Infarction:

  1. Complete Occlusion: This occurs when the internal iliac artery is entirely blocked, limiting blood flow to the pelvic area.
  2. Partial Occlusion: In this type, the artery is partially blocked, causing reduced blood flow to the pelvic region.

Causes of Internal Iliac Artery Infarction:

  1. Atherosclerosis: The buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries can narrow and block the internal iliac artery.
  2. Thrombosis: Formation of blood clots within the artery, restricting blood flow.
  3. Embolism: A blood clot from another location travels to the internal iliac artery, causing blockage.
  4. infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">Inflammation: Conditions like vasculitis can lead to infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।" data-rx-term="inflammation" data-rx-definition="Inflammation is the body’s response to injury, infection, or irritation, often causing pain, swelling, heat, or redness. সহজ বাংলা: শরীরের প্রদাহ; ব্যথা, ফোলা বা লালভাব হতে পারে।">inflammation and subsequent blockage.
  5. Trauma: Pelvic injuries can damage the internal iliac artery, disrupting blood flow.
  6. Infection: Infections affecting the artery can lead to blockage.
  7. Congenital Abnormalities: Some individuals may be born with structural issues in the internal iliac artery.
  8. Aneurysm: A bulging or ballooning of the artery can lead to blockage or rupture.
  9. Blood Disorders: Conditions affecting blood viscosity can contribute to infarction.
  10. Autoimmune Diseases: Disorders like lupus can cause the immune system to attack the artery.
  11. Surgery Complications: Pelvic surgeries may inadvertently damage the internal iliac artery.
  12. insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।" data-rx-term="diabetes" data-rx-definition="Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar stays too high because insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।">Diabetes: Uncontrolled insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।" data-rx-term="diabetes" data-rx-definition="Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar stays too high because insulin is low or not working well. সহজ বাংলা: রক্তে চিনি বেশি থাকার রোগ।">diabetes can contribute to atherosclerosis, increasing the risk.
  13. Smoking: Tobacco use can accelerate the buildup of plaque in arteries.
  14. High Blood Pressure: Hypertension can tendon. সহজ বাংলা: মাংসপেশি/টেনডনে টান।" data-rx-term="strain" data-rx-definition="A strain is injury to a muscle or tendon. সহজ বাংলা: মাংসপেশি/টেনডনে টান।">strain and damage the artery walls.
  15. Drug Abuse: Certain substances can constrict blood vessels, affecting the internal iliac artery.
  16. Obesity: Excess weight can contribute to atherosclerosis.
  17. Pregnancy Complications: Issues during pregnancy can affect blood flow to the pelvic region.
  18. Certain Medications: Some drugs may increase the risk of clot formation.
  19. Genetic Predisposition: Family history can play a role in susceptibility.
  20. Age: The risk of internal iliac artery infarction tends to increase with age.

Symptoms of Internal Iliac Artery Infarction:

  1. Pelvic Pain: Sharp or dull pain in the pelvic region.
  2. Leg Pain: Discomfort or pain radiating down the leg.
  3. Numbness: Reduced sensation in the pelvic area or legs.
  4. Weakness: Difficulty in moving the legs.
  5. Color Changes: Skin discoloration in the pelvic or genital area.
  6. Swelling: Edema in the pelvic region or legs.
  7. Impotence: Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection in men.
  8. Menstrual Irregularities: Women may experience changes in their menstrual cycle.
  9. Abdominal Discomfort: Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen.
  10. Fever: In case of infection-related infarction.
  11. Frequent Urination: Urgency or increased frequency of urination.
  12. Blood in Urine: Hematuria may occur in severe cases.
  13. Constipation: Reduced blood flow can affect bowel movements.
  14. Back Pain: Pain in the lower back region.
  15. Fatigue: Generalized weakness and tiredness.
  16. Faintness or Dizziness: Reduced blood supply can affect blood pressure.
  17. Cold Feet: Poor circulation may lead to cold extremities.
  18. Digestive Issues: Problems with digestion may arise.
  19. Erectile Dysfunction: Men may experience difficulty with sexual function.
  20. Sudden Onset of Symptoms: Infarction may present with a sudden and severe onset of symptoms.

Diagnostic Tests for Internal Iliac Artery Infarction:

  1. Angiography: X-ray imaging with contrast to visualize blood flow in the arteries.
  2. CT Scan: Detailed cross-sectional images for assessing the artery’s condition.
  3. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging for a detailed view of pelvic structures.
  4. Doppler Ultrasound: Sound waves to assess blood flow and detect blockages.
  5. Blood Tests: To check for infection, inflammation, or clotting disorders.
  6. Arterial Blood Gas Test: Measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
  7. Pulse Examination: Checking for reduced or absent pulses in the affected area.
  8. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): To assess the heart’s electrical activity.
  9. Pelvic Angiogram: Specialized imaging focusing on the pelvic arteries.
  10. Duplex Ultrasound: Combines traditional ultrasound with Doppler to assess blood flow.
  11. CT Angiography: Visualizing blood vessels using computed tomography.
  12. Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): Imaging technique for blood vessels.
  13. Laboratory Tests: Checking for infection markers and other abnormalities.
  14. X-rays: May reveal calcifications or structural abnormalities.
  15. Blood Pressure Measurements: Monitoring for imbalances.
  16. Thrombophilia Testing: Assessing genetic predisposition to clotting disorders.
  17. Echocardiogram: Evaluating heart function and possible sources of emboli.
  18. Catheter Angiography: Invasive procedure using a catheter to visualize arteries.
  19. Plethysmography: Assessing blood volume changes in the pelvic region.
  20. Treadmill Test: Evaluating cardiovascular fitness and response to exercise.

Treatments for Internal Iliac Artery Infarction:

  1. Anticoagulant Medications: To prevent blood clots.
  2. Antiplatelet Drugs: Reducing platelet aggregation to prevent clots.
  3. Thrombolytic Therapy: Medications to dissolve existing blood clots.
  4. Pain Management: Analgesics for relief from pelvic pain.
  5. Blood Pressure Control: Medications to manage hypertension.
  6. Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs: Statins to control lipid levels.
  7. Immunosuppressive Therapy: For conditions involving inflammation.
  8. Intravenous Antibiotics: In case of infection-related infarction.
  9. Angioplasty: Procedure to open narrowed or blocked arteries.
  10. Stent Placement: Inserting a stent to keep the artery open.
  11. Aneurysm Repair: Surgical intervention for aneurysms.
  12. Embolectomy: Removal of emboli causing blockage.
  13. Bypass Surgery: Diverting blood flow around a blocked artery.
  14. Vasodilator Medications: Relaxing blood vessels to improve blood flow.
  15. Intravenous Fluids: Maintaining hydration and blood volume.
  16. Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation for improved mobility.
  17. Lifestyle Modifications: Including diet and exercise changes.
  18. Diabetes Management: Controlling blood sugar levels.
  19. Smoking Cessation Programs: Support to quit smoking.
  20. Weight Management: Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight.
  21. Nutritional Support: Ensuring adequate nutrients for healing.
  22. Counseling or Support Groups: Emotional support for coping.
  23. Regular Follow-Up Visits: Monitoring progress and adjusting treatment.
  24. Oxygen Therapy: Supplemental oxygen for improved oxygenation.
  25. Hormone Replacement Therapy: For hormone-related symptoms.
  26. Anti-inflammatory Medications: To reduce inflammation.
  27. Anti-Infective Medications: If infection is present.
  28. Adaptive Devices: Assistive tools for daily activities.
  29. Catheterization: If urinary issues arise.
  30. Psychological Support: Addressing mental health aspects.

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Internal Iliac Artery Infarction:

  1. Aspirin: Antiplatelet agent to prevent blood clot formation.
  2. Clopidogrel: Another antiplatelet medication.
  3. Heparin: Anticoagulant to prevent clotting.
  4. Warfarin: Oral anticoagulant for long-term management.
  5. Statins (e.g., Atorvastatin): Lower cholesterol levels.
  6. Thrombolytics (e.g., Alteplase): Dissolve blood clots.
  7. Nitroglycerin: Vasodilator to relax blood vessels.
  8. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors: Control blood pressure.
  9. Beta-Blockers: Manage heart rate and blood pressure.
  10. Calcium Channel Blockers: Dilate blood vessels.
  11. Pain Relievers (e.g., Acetaminophen): Alleviate pelvic pain.
  12. Immunosuppressants (e.g., Prednisone): Suppress inflammation.
  13. Antibiotics: Address infections if present.
  14. Metformin: Manage blood sugar levels in diabetes.
  15. Alprostadil: Vasodilator used for erectile dysfunction.
  16. Vitamin K: Reversal agent for Warfarin.
  17. Insulin: For diabetes management.
  18. Epoetin Alfa: Stimulate red blood cell production.
  19. Pentoxifylline: Improve blood flow.
  20. Rivaroxaban: Oral anticoagulant.

Surgical Interventions for Internal Iliac Artery Infarction:

  1. Angioplasty and Stenting: Opens and supports the artery with a metal mesh.
  2. Embolectomy: Removal of a blood clot causing blockage.
  3. Bypass Surgery: Redirecting blood flow around a blocked artery.
  4. Aneurysm Repair: Surgical correction of a ballooning artery.
  5. Thrombectomy: Surgical removal of a blood clot.
  6. Endarterectomy: Removal of plaque from the artery walls.
  7. Pelvic Artery Bypass: Establishing a detour around the affected area.
  8. Ligation: Tying off a damaged or bleeding artery.
  9. Revascularization: Restoring blood supply to the affected area.
  10. Pelvic Angiography: Diagnostic procedure using contrast to visualize blood flow.

In conclusion, Internal Iliac Artery Infarction is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Understanding its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, drugs, and surgical interventions is crucial for effective management. If you experience any symptoms or have concerns about your pelvic health, consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and care.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

References

  1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532297/
  2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549894/
  3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526002/
  4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538474/
  5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53086/
  6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470237/
  7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576402/
  8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525964/
  9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441963/
  10. https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html
  11. https://www.aad.org/about/burden-of-skin-disease
  12. https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/national-institute-of-arthritis-musculoskeletal-and-skin-diseases
  13. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/default.html
  14. https://www.skincancer.org/
  15. https://illnesshacker.com/
  16. https://endinglines.com/
  17. https://www.jaad.org/
  18. https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriasis/
  19. https://books.google.com/books?
  20. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/skin-diseases
  21. https://cms.centerwatch.com/directories/1067-fda-approved-drugs/topic/292-skin-infections-disorders
  22. https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Acute-Bacterial-Skin-and-Skin-Structure-Infections—Developing-Drugs-for-Treatment.pdf
  23. https://dermnetnz.org/topics
  24. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/skin-allergy
  25. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/occupational-skin-disease
  26. https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/skin-allergies/
  27. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  28. https://rxharun.com/resources/category/resources/rxharun/article-types/skin-care-beauty/skin-diseases-types-symptoms-treatment/
  29. https://www.nei.nih.gov/
  30. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions
  31. https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_skin_diseases&redirect=no
  32. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_condition
  33. https://oxfordtreatment.com/
  34. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/
  35. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/w
  36. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health
  37. https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/
  38. https://www.aarda.org/diseaselist/
  39. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets
  40. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  41. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/topics
  42. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  43. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics
  44. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  45. https://www.niehs.nih.gov
  46. https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/
  47. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics
  48. https://obssr.od.nih.gov/
  49. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics
  50. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  51. https://beta.rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  52. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/

 

Patient safety assistant

Check your symptom safely

Hi, I am RX Symptom Navigator. I can help you understand what to read next and what warning signs need care.
Warning: Do not use this in emergencies, pregnancy, severe illness, or as a substitute for a doctor. For children or teens, use with a parent/guardian and clinician.
A rural-friendly guide: warning signs, when to see a doctor, related articles, tests to discuss, and OTC safety education.
1 Symptom 2 Severity 3 Safe guidance
First safety question

Is there chest pain, breathing trouble, fainting, confusion, severe bleeding, stroke-like weakness, severe injury, or pregnancy danger sign?

Choose quickly

Browse by body area
Start here: Write or select a symptom. The guide will show warning signs, doctor guidance, diagnostic tests to discuss, OTC safety education, and related RX articles.

Important: This tool is educational only. It cannot diagnose, treat, or replace a doctor. OTC information is not a prescription. In an emergency, contact local emergency services or go to the nearest hospital.

Doctor visit helper

Prepare before seeing a doctor

A simple rural-patient checklist to help you explain symptoms clearly, ask better questions, and avoid unsafe self-treatment.

Safety note: This is not a prescription or diagnosis. For severe symptoms, pregnancy danger signs, children with serious illness, chest pain, breathing difficulty, stroke-like weakness, or major injury, seek urgent care.

Which doctor may help?

Start with a registered doctor or the nearest qualified health center.

What to tell the doctor

  • Write when the problem started and how it changed.
  • Bring old prescriptions, investigation reports, and current medicines.
  • Write allergies, pregnancy status, diabetes, kidney/liver disease, and major past illnesses.
  • Bring one family member if the patient is weak, elderly, confused, or a child.

Questions to ask

  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which danger signs mean I should go to hospital quickly?
  • Which tests are necessary now, and which can wait?
  • How should I take medicines safely and what side effects should I watch for?
  • When should I come for follow-up?

Tests to discuss

  • Vital signs: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
  • Basic physical examination by a clinician
  • CBC, urine test, blood sugar, or imaging only when clinically needed

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not use antibiotics, steroid tablets/injections, or strong painkillers without proper medical advice.
  • Do not hide pregnancy, kidney disease, ulcer, allergy, or blood thinner use.
  • Do not delay emergency care when danger signs are present.

Medicine safety and first-aid guide

This section is for patient education only. It does not replace a doctor, pharmacist, or emergency care.

Safe first steps

  • Avoid heavy lifting, sudden bending, and prolonged bed rest.
  • Use comfortable posture and gentle movement as tolerated.
  • Discuss physiotherapy, X-ray, or MRI only when clinically needed.

OTC medicine safety

  • For mild back pain, pain-relief medicine may be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist.
  • Avoid repeated painkiller use if you have kidney disease, stomach ulcer, uncontrolled blood pressure, or are taking blood thinners.

Avoid these mistakes

  • Do not start antibiotics without a proper medical decision.
  • Do not use steroid tablets or injections casually for quick relief.
  • Do not delay emergency care because of home remedies.

Get urgent help if

  • Back pain with leg weakness, numbness around private area, loss of urine/stool control, fever, cancer history, or major injury needs urgent care.
Medicine names, dose, and timing must be decided by a qualified clinician or pharmacist after checking age, pregnancy, allergy, other diseases, and current medicines.

For rural patients and family caregivers

Patient health record and symptom diary

Write your symptoms, medicines already taken, test results, and questions before visiting a doctor. This note stays on your device unless you print or copy it.

Doctor to discuss: Orthopedic / spine specialist, physical medicine doctor, or qualified clinician
Tests to discuss with doctor
  • Neurological examination for leg power, sensation, reflexes, and straight leg raise
  • X-ray only if injury, deformity, long-lasting pain, or doctor suspects bone problem
  • MRI discussion if severe nerve symptoms, weakness, bladder/bowel problem, or persistent symptoms
Questions to ask
  • What is the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Which warning signs mean I should go to emergency care?
  • Which tests are really needed now?
  • Which medicines are safe for my age, pregnancy status, allergy, kidney/liver/stomach condition, and current medicines?
  • Is physiotherapy, posture correction, or activity modification needed?

Emergency warning signs such as chest pain, severe breathing difficulty, sudden weakness, confusion, severe dehydration, major injury, or loss of bladder/bowel control need urgent medical care. Do not wait for online information.

Safe pathway to proper treatment

Back pain care roadmap

Use this simple roadmap to understand the next safe steps. It is educational and does not replace examination by a doctor.

Go to emergency care if you notice:
  • New leg weakness, numbness around private area, or loss of bladder/bowel control
  • Back pain after major injury, fever, unexplained weight loss, cancer history, or severe night pain
Doctor / service to discuss: Orthopedic/spine specialist, physical medicine doctor, physiotherapist under guidance, or qualified clinician.
  1. Step 1

    Check danger signs first

    If danger signs are present, seek emergency care and do not wait for online information.

  2. Step 2

    Record the symptom story

    Write when symptoms started, severity, medicines already taken, allergies, pregnancy status, and test results.

  3. Step 3

    Visit a qualified clinician

    A doctor, nurse, or qualified healthcare provider can examine you and decide which tests or treatment are needed.

  4. Step 4

    Do only useful tests

    Discuss neurological examination first. X-ray or MRI may be needed only when red flags, injury, nerve weakness, or persistent severe symptoms are present.

  5. Step 5

    Follow up and return early if worse

    If symptoms worsen, new warning signs appear, or treatment is not helping, return for review quickly.

Rural patient practical tips
  • Take a written symptom diary and all previous prescriptions/test reports.
  • Do not hide medicines already taken, even herbal or over-the-counter medicines.
  • Ask which warning signs mean urgent referral to hospital.
  • Avoid forceful massage or bone-setting when there is weakness, injury, fever, or nerve symptoms.

This roadmap is for education. A real diagnosis and treatment plan requires history, examination, and clinical judgment.

RX Patient Help

Ask a health question safely

Write your symptom story. A health professional or site editor can review it before any answer is prepared. This box is not for emergency care.

Emergency first: Severe chest pain, breathing trouble, unconsciousness, stroke signs, severe injury, heavy bleeding, or rapidly worsening symptoms need urgent local medical care now.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is this article a replacement for a doctor?

No. It is educational content only. Patients should consult a qualified clinician for diagnosis and treatment.

When should I seek urgent care?

Seek urgent care for severe symptoms, rapidly worsening condition, breathing difficulty, severe pain, neurological changes, or any emergency warning sign.

References

Add references, clinical guidelines, textbooks, journal articles, or trusted medical sources here. You can edit this area from the RX Article Professional Blocks panel.

More from this topic
  1. Congenital Respiratory-Biliary Fistula

    Congenital? respiratory-biliary fistula, also called congenital? tracheobiliary fistula or congenital bronchobiliary fistula, is a very rare birth defect. In this condition, an abnormal tube connects part...

    March 29, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  2. Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Complete AVSD)

    Complete atrioventricular septal defect (complete AVSD) is a serious heart problem that a baby is born with. [1] In this problem, there is a big hole...

    February 28, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  3. Atrioventricular Canal–Type Ventricular Septal Defect

    Atrioventricular canal–type ventricular septal defect is a special kind of hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) that sits...

    February 28, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  4. Coccidioidomycosis

    Coccidioidomycosis is a lung infection? caused by a fungus called Coccidioides. This fungus lives in dry, dusty soil. When the soil is disturbed, tiny fungal? spores...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  5. Cutaneomeningospinal Angiomatosis

    Cutaneomeningospinal angiomatosis is another name for Cobb syndrome. It is a very rare condition where a person has abnormal blood vessels (angiomas or arteriovenous malformations) in...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  6. Coats Plus Syndrome

    Coats plus syndrome is a very rare, inherited, multi-system disease where tiny blood vessels (especially in the retina of the eye and the brain) are abnormal...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  7. Narrowing of the Aorta

    Narrowing of the aorta usually means a condition called coarctation of the aorta. In this problem, a short part of the main body artery (the aorta)...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  8. Coarctation of the Aorta

    Coarctation of the aorta is a birth heart problem where a short part of the main body artery (the aorta) is too narrow, like a tight...

    February 1, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  9. Capillary Malformation of the Lower Lip

    Capillary malformation of the lower lip is a birthmark made from many tiny blood vessels (capillaries) just under the skin of the lower lip. Doctors often...

    January 27, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)
  10. Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)

    Chronic? thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension? (CTEPH) is a long-term form of high blood pressure in the lung arteries that develops when old blood clots do not fully...

    January 26, 2026 • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease (A - Z)