Blind Painful Eye
A blind painful eye refers to an eye that has lost functional vision (no light perception) yet continues to experience persistent discomfort or pain. This condition can arise from a variety of ocular ...
Rx Eye & Vision Care (A – Z)
Blepharospasm
Blepharospasm is a neurological condition characterized by involuntary, forceful contractions of the muscles around the eyes, often leading to excessive blinking or complete eyelid closure. Although ...
Blepharoptosis
Blepharoptosis, commonly called ptosis, is a condition in which the upper eyelid droops lower than its normal position. In people with blepharoptosis, one or both eyelids sit lower on the eye than ...
Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome (BPES)
Blepharophimosis‑Ptosis‑Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome (BPES) is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic disorder primarily affecting the development and appearance of the eyelids. Individuals with BPES ...
Blepharophimosis Syndrome
Blepharophimosis syndrome (BPES) is a rare genetic condition characterized primarily by underdevelopment of the eyelid structures, leading to a narrowed horizontal eye aperture (blepharophimosis), ...
Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis
Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the eyelid margins (blepharitis), the conjunctiva (the clear mucous membrane covering the white of the eye), and the ...
Blepharochalasis Syndrome
Blepharochalasis syndrome is a rare eyelid disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of painless, non‐pitting eyelid swelling. Over time, these repeated bouts of edema stretch and weaken the ...
Types of Blepharitis
Blepharitis is a chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins, presenting as redness, swelling, and crusting around the eyelashes. This condition typically affects both eyes and can lead to sensations ...
Bleb-Associated Infections
Bleb-associated infections (BRIs) are serious complications that can occur after glaucoma filtering surgery, particularly trabeculectomy. In this context, a “bleb” refers to the filtering bleb ...
Types of Blau Syndrome
Blau syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder characterized by granulomatous inflammation primarily affecting the skin, joints, and eyes. It arises from gain‑of‑function ...
Blast‑Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Blast‑Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (BITON) is a specific form of optic nerve injury that occurs when a high‑energy blast wave transmits mechanical forces through the skull and orbital tissues, ...
Black Cataract
Black Cataract is an advanced, hypermature form of lens opacification in which the central nucleus becomes so sclerotic and discolored that it appears nearly black to the examiner. This stage ...
Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT)
The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) is a standardized system created to ensure clear and consistent communication among healthcare professionals when describing mechanical injuries to the ...
Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy (BSCR)
Birdshot retinochoroidopathy (BSCR), also known as birdshot chorioretinopathy or HLA‑A29 uveitis, is a rare, chronic inflammation of the back of both eyes (the retina and choroid) that occurs without ...
Biosimilars in Ophthalmology
Biosimilars in ophthalmology are copies of biologic drugs used to treat eye conditions, offering a potentially more affordable alternative to the original medications. These drugs, particularly ...
Anterior Segment Tumors
Anterior segment tumors are abnormal growths that arise in the front part of the eye, including the iris, ciliary body, and conjunctiva. These lesions can be benign or malignant, cystic or solid, and ...
Intraocular Tumors
Intraocular tumors are abnormal growths that develop inside the eye. These tumors can arise from different parts of the eye’s structure—such as the retina, uvea (the eye’s middle layer), or the optic ...
Thyroid Eye Disease
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s defense system mistakenly attacks tissues around the eyes. In TED, immune-mediated ...
Bilateral Optic Disc Edema
Bilateral optic disc edema refers to swelling of the optic nerve heads in both eyes simultaneously. This swelling arises when axoplasmic flow within the optic nerve fibers is impeded, causing fluid ...
Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation (BDUMP)
Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation (BDUMP) is a rare paraneoplastic eye disorder in which benign melanocytes within the uveal tract (the iris, ciliary body, and choroid) multiply in ...
