Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Anterior Uveitis
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis is an eye disease in which a very common herpes-family virus infects or re-activates inside the front part of the uveal tract—the iris and the ciliary body. ...
Rx Eye & Vision Care (A – Z)
Cystoid Macular Edema
Cystoid Macular Edema is a build-up of watery fluid inside the tiny layers of the macula—the spot in the very center of the retina that gives you sharp, straight-ahead sight. When the microscopic ...
Cystinosis
Cystinosis is a rare inherited disease caused by mutations in the CTNS gene that prevents the normal removal of a small amino acid called cystine from inside lysosomes (the cell’s recycling centers). ...
Cysticercosis
Cysticercosis of the eye is an infection where the larval stage of the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium), called Cysticercus cellulosae, lodges in or around the structures of the eye. Humans usually get ...
Holoprosencephaly
Synophthalmia is an extremely rare and severe birth defect in which the two eyes are fused into one or are so closely set that they appear as a single eye—this is usually part of the spectrum of ...
Synophthalmia
Synophthalmia (pronounced sin-off-THAL-mee-ah) is a very rare and severe birth defect in which the two developing eyes fail to separate and instead grow together in the midline of the face. The ...
Cyclopia
Cyclopia (sometimes called cyclocephaly or synophthalmia) is the most extreme facial expression of a brain‐formation error known as alobar holoprosencephaly. In the third to fourth week after ...
Cyclophotocoagulation Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that slowly damage the optic nerve, usually because of elevated pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure, IOP). Over time this nerve damage reduces peripheral ...
Cyclodialysis Clefts
A cyclodialysis cleft is an abnormal separation between the ciliary body and the scleral spur in the eye. The ciliary body normally attaches to the scleral spur, helping regulate the flow of aqueous ...
Cushing’s Syndrome of the Orbit
Cushing’s syndrome is the condition caused by having too much cortisol in the body over time. Cortisol is a stress hormone made by the adrenal glands; when its levels stay abnormally high, it ...
Crystalline Retinopathy
Crystalline retinopathy is not one single disease. It is a family of rare eye problems in which tiny, shiny crystals build up inside the layers of the retina—the light-sensing film at the back of the ...
Cryptophthalmos
Cryptophthalmos is a rare congenital eye condition where the eyelids fail to form properly, and skin is continuous over the eye, hiding the palpebral fissure (the normal opening between eyelids). The ...
Cryptococcal Choroiditis
Cryptococcal choroiditis is an uncommon fungal infection in which Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii—yeast-like fungi usually found in bird droppings and in certain trees—settle in the choroid, the ...
Crunch Syndrome
Crunch Syndrome—also called the anti-VEGF crunch phenomenon—is a serious, sight-threatening complication that can appear days to weeks after an injection of an anti-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor ...
Crossed Quadrant Homonymous Hemianopsia
Crossed Quadrant Homonymous Hemianopsia—sometimes nick-named the “checkerboard visual-field defect”—is an exceptionally rare pattern of visual-field loss in which two opposite quadrants (for example, ...
Cross-Linking Related Infections
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a medical procedure used to strengthen the cornea, usually to slow or stop progressive thinning or bulging in conditions like keratoconus. It uses riboflavin ...
Crocodile Shagreen
Crocodile shagreen of the cornea is a benign, usually harmless degenerative finding that gives the cornea a faint, polygonal, “crocodile skin” appearance. Most people with it have no symptoms, and ...
Crocodile Shagreen Degeneration
Crocodile shagreen (also called crocodile shagreen of Vogt or simply crocodile shagreen of the cornea) is a harmless age-related change that makes the front window of the eye—the cornea—look like the ...
Craniosynostosis Syndromes
Craniosynostosis means that one or more of the flexible seams (called cranial sutures) in a baby’s skull close much earlier than they should. When the closure is part of an inherited or genetic ...
Cranial Neuritis
Cranial neuritis means inflammation of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves that come directly out of the brain or brainstem. When a cranial nerve becomes inflamed, it cannot carry signals ...
