Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS)
Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) is a condition someone is born with (congenital) that affects how the eye moves side to side. Normally, muscles and nerves work together to move the eye outward ...
Rx Eye & Vision Care (A – Z)
Dry Eye After LASIK
Dry eye after LASIK is a condition where the eyes feel dry, uncomfortable, or irritated following laser vision correction surgery called LASIK. It happens because LASIK temporarily or permanently ...
Dry Eye Syndrome
Dry Eye Syndrome (also called Dry Eye Disease or DED) is a common condition where the front surface of the eye does not stay properly wet. Tears are needed to keep the eye surface smooth, clear, and ...
Dry Eye in Sjögren’s Syndrome
Dry eye in Sjögren’s syndrome is a condition where the eyes become very dry, uncomfortable, and sometimes damaged because a person’s immune system attacks the glands that make tears. Sjögren’s ...
Drug-Induced Corneal Disease
Drug-induced corneal disease means damage to the clear front part of the eye (the cornea) caused by medicines. These drugs can be taken by mouth, injected, or put directly into the eye. Some ...
Drug-Induced Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
Drug-induced acute angle closure glaucoma (DI-AACG) is a sudden, serious eye problem caused by certain medications. In this condition, the angle between the iris and the cornea (the drainage pathway ...
Drug-Induced Uveitis
Uveitis means inflammation inside the eye, especially of the uveal tract (the iris, ciliary body, and choroid), but the inflammation can involve other parts like the retina or vitreous. When any of ...
Drug-Induced Maculopathy
Drug-induced maculopathy means damage to the macula—the central part of the retina that gives us sharp, detailed vision—caused by medications or systemic agents. This damage can be subtle at first or ...
Dropless Cataract Surgery Disease
Cataract means the natural lens inside the eye becomes cloudy, so light cannot pass clearly and vision becomes blurred, dim, or distorted. It usually happens slowly with age, but other things can ...
Doyne Honeycomb Retinal Dystrophy (DHRD)
Doyne Honeycomb Retinal Dystrophy (DHRD), also known as Malattia Leventinese or Familial Dominant Drusen, is a rare inherited eye disease that slowly damages the central part of the retina called the ...
Lymphedema-Distichiasis Syndrome (LDS)
Lymphedema-Distichiasis Syndrome (LDS) is a rare inherited condition in which two main problems appear together: lymphedema (swelling, usually of the legs, from poor lymphatic drainage) and ...
Dome-Shaped Macula (DSM)
A Dome-Shaped Macula (DSM) is a special shape change in the central part of the retina (the macula) where, instead of being flat or slightly concave, it bulges gently forward like a small dome toward ...
Distichiasis
Distichiasis is a condition where a person has an extra row of eyelashes. Instead of the normal single line of lashes at the lid margin, there is a second row of lashes that often comes out of the ...
Dislocated Intraocular Lens
An intraocular lens (IOL) is an artificial lens implanted inside the eye to replace the eye’s natural lens, most commonly during cataract surgery. A dislocated intraocular lens means that this ...
Disability in Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that slowly damage the optic nerve, usually by pressure or reduced blood flow inside the eye. When the optic nerve is harmed, signals from the eye to the brain ...
Dilated Superior Ophthalmic Vein
The superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) is the main vein that drains blood from the eye and the tissues around the eye back toward the brain. When this vein becomes larger than normal, it is called a ...
Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis (DUSN)
Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a rare eye infection caused when a tiny worm (a nematode) gets into the layers under the retina of one eye and slowly damages the retina and optic ...
Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis (DLK)
Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis (DLK) is a sterile (non-infectious) inflammatory condition that affects the cornea after lamellar refractive surgeries such as LASIK. It shows up as fine, white, granular ...
Visual Hallucinations
A visual hallucination is when a person sees something that is not actually there. It is a perception with no external visual stimulus — for example, seeing people, animals, lights, shapes, or scenes ...
Dry Eye Disease (DED)
Dry Eye Disease (DED) is not just “dry eyes” like when you are tired—it is a long-lasting problem of the front surface of the eye. According to the international TFOS DEWS II definition, dry eye is a ...
