Cranial Nerve IV palsy
Cranial Nerve IV palsy—often called trochlear nerve palsy or superior-oblique muscle palsy—is a problem with the fourth cranial nerve, the tiny motor nerve that powers the superior-oblique (SO) ...
Rx Eye & Vision Care (A – Z)
COVID-19–Associated Orbital Mucormycosis
COVID-19 associated orbital mucormycosis is a severe, rapidly progressing fungal infection of the nasal, sinus, and orbital (eye socket) region caused by molds in the order Mucorales (commonly ...
COVID Conjunctivitis
COVID conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white of the eye and inner eyelids) caused directly or indirectly by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the ...
Cotton Wool Spots
Cotton wool spots are small, fluffy, white patches seen on the retina (the light-sensing layer at the back of the eye) during a dilated eye exam. They are not a disease themselves but a sign that ...
Steroid Glaucoma
Steroid glaucoma is a type of open-angle glaucoma that appears after the eye or the whole body is exposed to corticosteroid medicines. These medicines—such as prednisolone, dexamethasone, ...
Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD)
Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD) is a rare, progressive brain disease that slowly damages specific brain cells, leading to problems with movement, thinking, and behavior. It most often appears in ...
Corneal Wound Hydration Disease
When an eye-surgeon finishes cataract or corneal-transplant surgery, they often inject a small jet of balanced salt solution into the edges (stroma) of the clear-corneal incision. This “stromal ...
Corneal Wound Burn During Phacoemulsification
Corneal wound burn, more precisely called corneal incision contracture (CIC) or phaco wound burn, is a rare but serious complication that can happen during cataract surgery using phacoemulsification. ...
Corneal Stromal Dystrophies
Corneal Stromal Dystrophies are a family of rare, inherited eye disorders in which abnormal material—such as amyloid, hyaline, lipids or mucopolysaccharides—collects in the middle (stromal) layer of ...
Corneal Neurotization for Neurotrophic Keratitis
Corneal neurotization is a microsurgical technique that brings healthy sensory nerve fibers back to a cornea that has lost its own innervation. Surgeons either move a donor nerve directly onto the ...
Corneal Neovascularization (CNV)
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) means that new blood vessels—tiny red threads—grow into the normally clear, avascular surface of your eye. These vessels creep in when the cornea is starved of oxygen ...
Corneal Leukoma
A corneal leukoma is a dense, white scar that develops in the normally clear front window of the eye—the cornea. Unlike the faint “nebula” or mid-grade “macula” scars that may only slightly cloud ...
Corneal Keloid
A corneal keloid is an uncommon, benign but potentially sight-threatening over-growth of fibrous scar tissue that sits on, or invades into, the normally crystal-clear cornea. Under the microscope the ...
Corneal-Sensation Disorders
Corneal esthesiometry is the science of measuring how well the clear front window of your eye (the cornea) can feel touch, temperature, or pain. The cornea is one of the most densely innervated ...
Corneal Epithelial Defect
A corneal epithelial defect is a localized area where the outermost layer of the cornea (the epithelium) has been interrupted or lost. This break in the protective surface leaves the underlying ...
Corneal Edema
Corneal edema is swelling of the cornea, the clear, dome‑shaped front surface of the eye that helps focus light onto the retina. In corneal edema, excess fluid builds up in one or more layers of the ...
Corneal Donation Diseases
Corneal donation diseases encompass a spectrum of serious corneal disorders in which damage or degeneration of the cornea—the clear, dome-shaped “window” at the front of the eye—leads to significant ...
Corneal Dermoid
A corneal dermoid is a benign, congenital growth on the surface of the eye composed of normal skin-like tissue in an abnormal location. These lesions, also called limbal or epibulbar dermoids, most ...
Corneal Dellen
Corneal dellen are small, localized areas of thinning on the edge of the clear front window of the eye (the cornea). They appear as saucer‑shaped depressions where the corneal tissue has lost ...
Corneal Biomechanics Glaucoma
The cornea is the clear, dome‑shaped window at the front of your eye. Corneal biomechanics is the study of how this window bends, stretches, and returns to shape when forces act on it. It looks at ...
