Browse plain-English disease and condition guides, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, prevention, and when to seek medical care.
Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV)—now more often called Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV) is a congenital (present at birth) eye condition. In a developing baby, the eye has...
Read articleAblepharon-Macrostomia Syndrome (AMS) is an extremely rare, autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized principally by absent or underdeveloped eyelids (“ablepharon”) and an unusually wide, fish-like mouth (“macrostomia”)...
Read articleAcanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but potentially sight-threatening corneal infection caused by the free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba, which is found ubiquitously in soil, fresh water, and even...
Read articleAccommodative esotropia is a common form of childhood strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward (esodeviation) because of excessive focusing (accommodation) linked to farsightedness...
Read articleAchromatopsia is a rare eye condition that affects how a person sees color. People with achromatopsia typically have trouble seeing colors or can only see them...
Read articleAchromatopsia is a rare, inherited vision disorder that causes a complete or partial inability to see color. People with achromatopsia rely almost entirely on their rod...
Read articleAchromatopsia 2 (ACHM2) is a genetic eye condition that starts from birth. It mainly affects the cone cells in the retina, which are the light-sensing cells...
Read articleAcquired Developmental Prosopagnosia, often referred to as ADP, is a condition that affects a person’s ability to recognize faces. It’s a complex condition, and in this...
Read articleAcquired ectropion uveae (AEU) is a condition in which the pigmented posterior layer of the iris—normally hidden on the back surface—becomes adherent to and everts onto...
Read articleAcquired oculomotor nerve palsy is a non-congenital condition in which the third cranial nerve (oculomotor nerve) becomes damaged after birth, leading to dysfunction of most extraocular...
Read articleAcquired ophthalmoparesis is a condition characterized by weakness or paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles—those that control eye movements—due to processes that occur after birth....
Read articleAcquired Orbital Dysmorphia (AOD) is a medical condition that affects the structure and appearance of the eye socket and surrounding areas. In simpler terms, it means...
Read articleRegional choroidal atrophy and alopecia (also called Moloney syndrome or choroidal atrophy–alopecia syndrome) is a very rare inherited condition. In this condition, part of the choroid...
Read articleChoroidal atrophy–alopecia syndrome is an extremely rare genetic condition in which a person has both damage and thinning of the choroid in the eye and loss...
Read articleChorioretinitis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of two important layers at the back of the eye: the choroid (a layer rich in blood vessels) and the...
Read articleChannelopathy-associated congenital insensitivity to pain is a very rare genetic condition where a person is born unable to feel physical pain, even when the body is...
Read articlePosterior membrane corneal dystrophy is a rare eye disease that mainly affects the deepest layer of the clear front window of the eye (the cornea) and...
Read articleEndothelial corneal dystrophy is a long-lasting eye disease that mainly damages the inner cell layer of the cornea, called the corneal endothelium. These cells normally act...
Read articleDystrophy of the corneal endothelium is a long-lasting (chronic) disease of the inner layer of the clear front window of the eye, called the cornea. In...
Read articleChandler syndrome is a rare eye disease that affects the clear front window of the eye (the cornea), the colored part (the iris), and the drainage...
Read articleCentral serous retinopathy (CSR) is an eye disease where fluid collects under the central part of the retina and makes central vision blurry or distorted. It...
Read articleCentral serous choroidopathy, more commonly called central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), is an eye disease that affects the macula, the central part of the retina that gives...
Read articleCentral serous chorioretinopathy is an eye disease where fluid leaks from tiny blood vessels under the retina (the light-sensitive “camera film” at the back of the...
Read articleCentral cloudy dystrophy of François (often shortened to CCDF) is a very rare corneal condition where the clear window of the eye (the cornea) develops faint,...
Read articleCentral cloudy corneal dystrophy of François (CCDF) is a very rare problem of the cornea (the clear “window” at the front of the eye). In CCDF,...
Read articleChoroidal dystrophy means a long-term (usually lifelong) problem where the choroid slowly becomes damaged. The choroid is the blood-vessel layer that sits between the white part...
Read articleCentral areolar choroidal sclerosis is an older name that doctors used for a rare inherited (genetic) macular disease now most often called central areolar choroidal dystrophy...
Read articleCongenital cataract caused by mutation in EPHA2 is a genetic eye disease where the clear lens of a baby’s eye becomes cloudy because the EPHA2 gene...
Read articleCataract 6 Multiple Types is a condition where the clear lens inside the eye becomes cloudy, like frosted glass, so light cannot pass through cleanly. This...
Read articleCataract 40 with or without microcornea means a visually significant cataract (cloudy natural lens) in someone around 40 years old, sometimes in an eye with a...
Read articleCataract 4 multiple types with or without microcornea means there is a cloudy lens inside the eye (cataract), and in some people the clear front window...
Read articleA Cataract 4 Multiple Types is a health problem of the eye where the clear natural lens becomes cloudy. The lens sits behind your colored part...
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