User Posts: Dr. Hadeel Abaza, MD - Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Dandy–Walker Malformation
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Dandy–Walker malformation (DWM), also known as Dandy–Walker syndrome, is a rare congenital brain anomaly characterized by underdevelopment (agenesis or ...

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Daentl–Townsend–Siegel Syndrome
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Daentl–Townsend–Siegel syndrome (also known as Hydrocephalus-Blue Sclerae-Nephropathy syndrome or Familial nephrosis with hydrocephalus and thin skin) is an ...

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D-Glycerate Dehydrogenase (PHGDH) Deficiency
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D-Glycerate dehydrogenase deficiency—also known as 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) deficiency—is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in ...

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Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
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Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is a condition characterized by compression or irritation of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the cubital tunnel at the ...

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Cri du Chat Syndrome
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Cri du chat syndrome—also called 5p deletion syndrome—is a rare genetic disorder caused by the loss (deletion) of a portion of the short arm (“p arm”) of ...

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Traumatic Craniocervical Distraction
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Traumatic craniocervical distraction is a severe injury in which the skull (cranium) becomes forcibly separated from the top of the spine (cervical vertebrae) ...

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Ventral Brainstem Compression
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Ventral Brainstem Compression (VBC) occurs when structures in front of the brainstem press against it, narrowing its space and disrupting normal function. The ...

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Cranial Settling
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Cranial settling, also known as basilar invagination in the context of craniocervical junction pathology, refers to the upward migration of the upper cervical ...

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Basilar Invagination
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Basilar invagination is a craniocervical junction abnormality in which the odontoid process (the “dens” of C2) migrates upward into the foramen magnum, ...

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Atlanto-Axial Vertical Dislocation
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Atlanto-axial vertical dislocation (also called atlanto-axial distraction injury) occurs when the first cervical vertebra (C1, the “atlas”) moves abnormally ...

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Atlanto-Axial Rotatory Dislocation
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Atlanto-axial rotatory dislocation (AARD) is a condition in which the first cervical vertebra (C1, also called the atlas) rotates abnormally against the second ...

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Atlanto-Axial Joint Lateral Dislocation
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The atlanto-axial joint is the articulation between the first cervical vertebra (atlas) and the second cervical vertebra (axis). In a lateral dislocation, the ...

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Posterior Atlanto-Axial Dislocation
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The atlanto-axial joint is where the first cervical vertebra (the atlas) meets the second cervical vertebra (the axis). In a posterior dislocation of this ...

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Atlanto-Occipital Lateral Displacement
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Atlanto-occipital lateral displacement is a severe form of craniocervical injury in which the occipital condyles—the rounded protrusions at the base of the ...

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Atlanto-Axial Joint Anterior Dislocation
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An anterior dislocation of the atlanto-axial (C1–C2) joint occurs when the atlas (C1) shifts forward relative to the axis (C2), disrupting the normal alignment ...

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Atlanto-Axial Dislocation
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The atlanto-axial joint lies between the first cervical vertebra (atlas) and the second cervical vertebra (axis). An atlanto-axial dislocation occurs when the ...

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Atlanto-Axial Instability
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Atlanto-axial instability (AAI) refers to excessive movement between the first cervical vertebra (the atlas, C1) and the second cervical vertebra (the axis, ...

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Atlanto-occipital Joint Degenerative Instability
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Degenerative instability of the atlanto-occipital (AO) joint refers to excessive movement at the junction between the skull’s occipital condyles and the first ...

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Neoplastic Atlanto-Occipital Instability
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Atlanto-occipital joint neoplastic instability refers to abnormal, excessive movement at the junction between the base of the skull (occiput) and the first ...

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Atlanto-Occipital Joint Inflammatory Instability
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Atlanto-occipital joint inflammatory instability occurs when inflammation weakens or destroys the ligaments and joint surfaces between the atlas (C1) and the ...

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