List of Endocrine Diseases and Disorders

Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology. Hormones are molecules that act as signals from one type of cells to another. Most hormones reach their targets via the blood.

All multicellular organisms need “coordinating systems to regulate and integrate the function of differentiating cells.” Two mechanisms perform this function in higher animals: the nervous system and the endocrine system. The endocrine system acts through the release (generally into the blood) of chemical agents and is vital to the proper development and function of organisms. As Hadley notes,^[1] the integration of developmental events such as proliferation, growth, and differentiation (including histogenesis and organogenesis) and the coordination of metabolism, respiration, excretion, movement, reproduction, and sensory perception depend on “chemical cues, substances synthesised and secreted by the specialised cells within the animals hair.”

Endocrinology is concerned with the study of the biosynthesis, storage, chemistry, and physiological function of hormones and with the cells of the endocrine glands and tissues that secrete them.

The endocrine system consists of several glands, in different parts of the body, that secrete hormones directly into the blood rather than into a duct system. Hormones have many different functions and modes of action; one hormone may have several effects on different target organs, and, conversely, one target organ may be affected by more than one hormone.

Disease of the pancreas and glucose metabolism

• Types
  • type 1
  • type 2
  • gestational
  • MODY 1 2 3 4 5 6
• Complications
  • See Template:Diabetes
• Hyperglycemia
  • Oxyhyperglycemia
• Hypoglycemia
  • Whipple’s triad
• Insulin resistance
• Hyperinsulinism
  • Congenital hyperinsulinism
• Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome
• Pancreatic beta cell function
• Insulinoma
• Insulitis

Hypothalamic disease

• Kallmann syndrome
• Adiposogenital dystrophy
• Tertiary adrenal insufficiency
• Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
• Hypothalamic hamartoma

Pituitary disease

• Acromegaly
• Hyperprolactinaemia
• Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion
• SIADH
• Nelson’s syndrome
• Hypophysitis
• Kallmann syndrome
• Growth hormone deficiency
• Isolated growth hormone deficiency
• Hypoprolactinemia
• ACTH deficiency/Secondary adrenal insufficiency
• GnRH insensitivity
• FSH insensitivity
• LH/hCG insensitivity
• Central diabetes insipidus
• Empty sella syndrome
• Pituitary apoplexy
• Sheehan’s syndrome
• Lymphocytic hypophysitis
• Pituitary adenoma

Thyroid disease

• Iodine deficiency
• Cretinism
  • Congenital hypothyroidism
• Myxedema
• Myxedema coma
• Euthyroid sick syndrome
• Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome
• Signs and symptoms
  • Queen Anne’s sign
  • Woltman sign
  • Myoedema
• Thyroid dyshormonogenesis
• Pickardt syndrome
• Hypothyroid myopathy
  • KDSS
  • Hoffmann syndrome
  • LEMS
  • Atrophic type
• Hyperthyroxinemia
  • Thyroid hormone resistance
  • Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia
• Hashitoxicosis
• Thyrotoxicosis factitia
• Thyroid storm
• Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis
• Hyperthyroid myopathy
• Signs and symptoms
  • Abadie’s sign of exophthalmic goiter
  • Boston’s sign
  • Dalrymple’s sign
  • Stellwag’s sign
  • lid lag
  • Griffith’s sign
  • Möbius sign
  • Pretibial myxedema
• Graves’ ophthalmopathy
• Acute infectious
• Subacute
  • De Quervain’s
  • Subacute lymphocytic
  • Palpation
• Autoimmune/chronic
  • Hashimoto’s
  • Postpartum
  • Riedel’s
• Goitre
  • Endemic goitre
  • Toxic nodular goiter
  • Toxic multinodular goiter
• Thyroid nodule
  • Colloid nodule

Parathyroid disease

• Pseudohypoparathyroidism
• Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Osteitis fibrosa cystica
• Parathyroiditis

Adrenal gland disorder

• Hyperaldosteronism
• Primary aldosteronism
  • Conn syndrome
  • Bartter syndrome
  • Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
• AME
• Liddle’s syndrome
• 17α CAH
• Pseudohypoaldosteronism
• Cushing’s syndrome
  • Pseudo-Cushing’s syndrome
• Steroid-induced osteoporosis
• 21α CAH
• 11β CAH
• Hypoaldosteronism
  • 21α CAH
  • 11β CAH
• CAH
  • Lipoid
  • 3β
  • 11β
  • 17α
  • 21α
• 17α CAH
• Inborn errors of steroid metabolism
• Adrenal crisis
• Adrenalitis
  • Xanthogranulomatous
• Addison’s disease
• Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome

Gonadal disorder

• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Premature ovarian failure
• Hyperthecosis
• 5α-reductase 2 deficiency
• 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
• Aromatase excess syndrome
• Androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Familial male-limited precocious puberty
• Sertoli cell-only syndrome
• Hypogonadism
  • Delayed puberty
• Hypergonadism
  • Precocious puberty
• Hypoandrogenism
• Hypoestrogenism
• Hyperandrogenism
• Hyperestrogenism
• Postorgasmic illness syndrome
• Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency
• Cytochrome b5 deficiency
• Androgen-dependent condition
• Aromatase deficiency
• Estrogen insensitivity syndrome
• Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
• Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
• Fertile eunuch syndrome
• Estrogen-dependent condition
• Premature thelarche
• Gonadotropin insensitivity
• Hypergonadotropic hypergonadism

Others

• Dwarfism
  • Primordial dwarfism
  • Laron syndrome
  • Psychosocial
  • Ateliosis
• Gigantism

• Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
  • APS1
  • APS2
• Carcinoid syndrome
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia
  • 1
  • 2A
  • 2B
• Progeria
  • Werner syndrome
  • Acrogeria
  • Metageria
• Woodhouse–Sakati syndrome

• Diabetes
  • Type 1 Diabetes
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Gestational Diabetes
  • Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young
  • Diabetic myopathy^[3][4]
• Hypoglycemia^{[citation needed]}
  • Idiopathic hypoglycemia
  • Insulinoma
• Glucagonoma

• Goitre
• Hyperthyroidism
  • Graves-Basedow disease
  • Toxic multinodular goitre
  • Thyrotoxic myopathy
• Hypothyroidism
  • Hypothyroid myopathies^[5]
    • Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome
    • Hoffmann syndrome
    • Myasthenic syndrome
    • Atrophic form
• Thyroiditis
  • Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
• Thyroid cancer
• Thyroid hormone resistance

• Parathyroid gland disorders
  • Hyperparathyroidism
    • Primary hyperparathyroidism
    • Secondary hyperparathyroidism
    • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
    • Hyperparathyroid myopathy^[6]
  • Hypoparathyroidism
    • Pseudohypoparathyroidism
    • Hypoparathyroid myopathy^[6]
• Osteoporosis
• Osteitis deformans (Paget’s disease of bone)
• Rickets
• Osteomalacia

• Diabetes insipidus
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

• Hypopituitarism (or Panhypopituitarism)
• Pituitary tumors
  • Pituitary adenomas
  • Prolactinoma (or Hyperprolactinemia)
  • Acromegaly, gigantism, dwarfism
  • Cushing’s disease

• Addison’s disease
• Adrenal crisis
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Adrenal tumour
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Hypercortisolism (Cushing’s disease)
  • Steroid myopathy^[6]
• Hypoaldosteronism
• Hyperaldosteronism

• Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders
  • Hermaphroditism
  • Gonadal dysgenesis
  • Androgen insensitivity syndromes
• Hypogonadism (Gonadotropin deficiency)
  • Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders
    • Kallmann syndrome
    • Klinefelter syndrome
    • Turner syndrome
  • Acquired disorders
    • Ovarian failure (also known as Premature Menopause)
    • Testicular failure
      • Testosterone deficiency myopathy^[6]
• Disorders of Puberty
  • Delayed puberty
  • Precocious puberty
• Menstrual function or fertility disorders
  • Amenorrhea
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

• Multiple endocrine neoplasia
  • MEN type 1
  • MEN type 2a
  • MEN type 2b
• Carcinoid syndrome

• Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes
• Incidentaloma – an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands
• In endocrinology, medical emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hypoglycemic coma, acute adrenocortical insufficiency, phaeochromocytoma crisis, hypercalcemic crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema coma and pituitary apoplexy.^[7]

List of endocrine diseases

List of 1000 Endocrinological disease and disorders

Here’s a plain list of endocrinological diseases and disorders (concise names, no extra descriptions). I’ve included a large set to get you moving fast:

Thyroid disorders

1. Primary hypothyroidism (autoimmune/Hashimoto’s)

2. Subclinical hypothyroidism

3. Congenital hypothyroidism (thyroid dysgenesis)

4. Dyshormonogenesis (congenital thyroid hormone synthesis defects)

5. Central (secondary) hypothyroidism

6. Tertiary hypothyroidism (TRH deficiency)

7. Myxedema coma

8. Iodine deficiency hypothyroidism

9. Iodine excess–induced hypothyroidism (Wolff–Chaikoff effect)

10. Transient thyroiditis–related hypothyroidism (post-thyroiditis phase)

11. Postpartum thyroiditis

12. Painless (silent) thyroiditis

13. Subacute (de Quervain) granulomatous thyroiditis

14. Acute suppurative (infectious) thyroiditis

15. Radiation-induced thyroiditis

16. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis type 1

17. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis type 2

18. Thyrotoxicosis factitia (exogenous)

19. Graves’ disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism)

20. Toxic multinodular goiter

21. Toxic adenoma (Plummer’s disease)

22. Subclinical hyperthyroidism

23. Thyroid storm (thyrotoxic crisis)

24. Resistant thyroid hormone (RTHβ)

25. Resistance to thyroid hormone α (RTHα)

26. TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma (thyrotropinoma)

27. Thyroid hormone transporter defects (MCT8/Allan–Herndon–Dudley)

28. Thyroid hormone metabolism defects (SECISBP2 deficiency)

29. Congenital central hypothyroidism (IGSF1 deficiency)

30. Congenital hypothalamic TRH deficiency

31. Goitrous hypothyroidism (dyshormonogenesis)

32. Non-goitrous congenital hypothyroidism

33. Euthyroid sick syndrome (non-thyroidal illness)

34. Drug-induced hypothyroidism (lithium)

35. Drug-induced hyperthyroidism (interferon-α)

36. Drug-induced thyroid dysfunction (tyrosine kinase inhibitors)

37. Simple diffuse goiter (nontoxic)

38. Multinodular goiter (nontoxic)

39. Solitary thyroid nodule (benign)

40. Follicular adenoma

41. Hürthle cell adenoma

42. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (classic)

43. Papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular variant

44. Papillary microcarcinoma

45. Follicular thyroid carcinoma (minimally invasive)

46. Hürthle cell carcinoma

47. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma

48. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

49. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (sporadic)

50. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MEN2A/MEN2B)

51. Primary thyroid lymphoma

52. Metastatic disease to thyroid

53. Congenital thyroid hemiagenesis

54. Thyroglossal duct cyst with ectopic thyroid tissue

55. Ectopic lingual thyroid with dysfunction

56. Pendred syndrome (SLC26A4) with goiter

57. Thyroid hormone binding globulin (TBG) deficiency

58. Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH)

59. Deiodinase defects (rare)

60. Neonatal Graves’ (transplacental TRAb)

61. Post-radioiodine hypothyroidism

62. Post-thyroidectomy hypothyroidism

Pituitary disorders

1. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma

2. Prolactinoma (microprolactinoma)

3. Prolactinoma (macroprolactinoma)

4. Drug-induced hyperprolactinemia (antipsychotics)

5. Stalk effect hyperprolactinemia

6. Growth hormone–secreting adenoma (acromegaly)

7. Gigantism (pediatric GH excess)

8. GH deficiency (adult-onset)

9. Congenital GH deficiency (pituitary hypoplasia)

10. ACTH-secreting adenoma (Cushing disease)

11. Nelson syndrome (post-adrenalectomy corticotroph tumor)

12. TSH-secreting adenoma (thyrotropinoma)

13. Gonadotroph adenoma (FSH/LH-secreting)

14. Craniopharyngioma (endocrine sequelae)

15. Rathke cleft cyst with hypopituitarism

16. Pituitary apoplexy

17. Hypophysitis (lymphocytic)

18. IgG4-related hypophysitis

19. Checkpoint inhibitor–induced hypophysitis

20. Sheehan syndrome (postpartum pituitary necrosis)

21. Empty sella syndrome (primary)

22. Secondary empty sella (postsurgical/radiation)

23. Panhypopituitarism (adult)

24. Congenital panhypopituitarism (PROP1/PIT1)

25. Isolated ACTH deficiency

26. Central diabetes insipidus (ADH deficiency)

27. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (vasopressin resistance)

28. SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis)

29. Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia)

30. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

31. Hypothalamic obesity (post-craniopharyngioma)

32. Langerhans cell histiocytosis with pituitary involvement

33. Pituitary metastasis (breast, lung)

34. Pituitary radiation injury (hypopituitarism)

35. Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome

36. Arachnoid cyst affecting pituitary function

37. Hyperprolactinemia of renal failure

38. Pseudo-Cushing states (alcoholism, depression)

Adrenal disorders

1. Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease, autoimmune)

2. Primary adrenal insufficiency (TB/adrenalitis)

3. Primary adrenal insufficiency (bilateral adrenal hemorrhage)

4. Primary adrenal insufficiency (adrenoleukodystrophy)

5. Secondary adrenal insufficiency (pituitary ACTH deficiency)

6. Tertiary adrenal insufficiency (chronic steroid suppression)

7. Adrenal crisis

8. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase, classic salt-wasting)

9. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase, simple virilizing)

10. Nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency

11. 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH)

12. 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (CAH)

13. 3β-HSD deficiency (CAH)

14. P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (CAH)

15. Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (11β-HSD2 deficiency)

16. Liddle syndrome (ENaC gain-of-function)

17. Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn adenoma)

18. Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (idiopathic hyperaldosteronism)

19. Familial hyperaldosteronism type I (glucocorticoid-remediable)

20. Familial hyperaldosteronism type II–IV

21. Cushing syndrome (exogenous glucocorticoids)

22. Cushing syndrome (adrenal adenoma)

23. Adrenal cortical carcinoma (cortisol-secreting)

24. Macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (ACTH-independent)

25. Micronodular adrenal disease (PPNAD, Carney complex)

26. Pheochromocytoma (sporadic)

27. Pheochromocytoma (MEN2)

28. Pheochromocytoma (VHL)

29. Paraganglioma (SDHB/SDHD)

30. Adrenal medullary hyperplasia

31. Subclinical Cushing syndrome (autonomous cortisol secretion)

32. Adrenal incidentaloma (nonfunctioning)

33. Adrenal myelolipoma

34. Adrenal hemorrhage (anticoagulation)

35. Adrenal metastases (lung, melanoma)

36. Primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD)

37. Carney triad/complex endocrine features

38. Hypoaldosteronism (hyporeninemic, diabetic)

39. Primary aldosterone deficiency (isolated)

40. Hyperreninemic hypertension of renal origin (endocrine interaction)

41. Glucocorticoid remediable hyperplasia (FH-I)

42. Adrenal rest tumors (testicular/ovarian) with CAH

Parathyroid disorders

1. Primary hyperparathyroidism (single adenoma)

2. Primary hyperparathyroidism (multigland hyperplasia)

3. Primary hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid carcinoma)

4. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism

5. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH1/CaSR)

6. FHH2 (GNA11), FHH3 (AP2S1)

7. Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism

8. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (CKD)

9. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (post-transplant/long-standing SHPT)

10. Vitamin D deficiency–related hyperparathyroidism

11. Vitamin D–dependent rickets type 1 (CYP27B1 defect)

12. Vitamin D–dependent rickets type 2 (VDR resistance)

13. Hypoparathyroidism (postsurgical)

14. Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism (APS-1/APS-2 variants)

15. Genetic hypoparathyroidism (CASR activating mutations)

16. Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (Albright hereditary osteodystrophy)

17. Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b

18. Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 2

19. Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

20. Hungry bone syndrome (post-parathyroidectomy)

21. Hypercalcemia of malignancy (PTHrP mediated)

22. Hypercalcemia due to granulomatous disease (1α-hydroxylase excess)

23. Immobilization hypercalcemia (endocrine bone turnover)

24. Milk-alkali syndrome

25. Hypocalcemia of critical illness (endocrine regulation)

26. Hypomagnesemia-induced hypoparathyroidism

Pancreatic (endocrine) disorders

1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (autoimmune)

2. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)

3. Fulminant type 1 diabetes (acute β-cell failure)

4. Type 2 diabetes mellitus

5. Ketosis-prone diabetes (Flatbush)

6. Monogenic diabetes (MODY1—HNF4A)

7. MODY2—GCK

8. MODY3—HNF1A

9. MODY4—PDX1

10. MODY5—HNF1B

11. MODY6—NEUROD1

12. MODY7—KLF11

13. MODY8—CEL

14. MODY9—PAX4

15. MODY10—INS

16. MODY11—BLK

17. MODY12—KCNJ11

18. MODY13—ABCC8

19. MODY14—APPL1

20. Neonatal diabetes (KCNJ11/ABCC8)

21. Transient neonatal diabetes (6q24)

22. Mitochondrial diabetes (MIDD, m.3243A>G)

23. Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes

24. Pancreatogenic diabetes (type 3c)

25. Post-pancreatectomy diabetes

26. Steroid-induced hyperglycemia/diabetes

27. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM)

28. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

29. Prediabetes—impaired fasting glucose

30. Prediabetes—impaired glucose tolerance

31. Severe insulin resistance syndromes (Type A)

32. Severe insulin resistance (Type B—anti-insulin receptor)

33. Lipodystrophy-associated diabetes (familial partial)

34. Lipodystrophy (acquired generalized) with diabetes

35. Hypoglycemia due to insulinoma

36. Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia (NIPHS/nesidioblastosis)

37. Post-bariatric surgery hypoglycemia

38. Reactive (postprandial) hypoglycemia

39. Factitious hypoglycemia (exogenous insulin)

40. Sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia

41. Glucagon deficiency (post-pancreatectomy)

42. Somatostatinoma (diabetes and steatorrhea)

43. VIPoma (Verner–Morrison)

44. Glucagonoma (necrolytic migratory erythema)

45. Gastrinoma (Zollinger–Ellison) with MEN1 endocrine overlap

46. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) pancreatic NETs

47. Pancreatic polypeptidoma (PPoma)

48. Insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata disease)

Gonadal (ovarian/testicular & hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis) disorders

1. Primary ovarian insufficiency (autoimmune)

2. Primary ovarian insufficiency (iatrogenic/chemo-radiation)

3. Turner syndrome (45,X) with gonadal failure

4. Fragile X premutation–associated POI

5. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (functional)

6. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallmann)

7. Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (normosmic)

8. Hyperprolactinemia-induced hypogonadism

9. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

10. Lean PCOS phenotype

11. Hyperandrogenism due to ovarian hyperthecosis

12. Ovarian androgen-secreting tumors (Sertoli–Leydig)

13. Ovarian granulosa cell tumor (estrogen excess)

14. Thecoma/fibroma with estrogen excess

15. Luteoma of pregnancy (androgen excess)

16. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (endocrine complication)

17. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (athletic triad)

18. Luteal phase deficiency

19. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (endocrine modulation)

20. Menopause (natural) with endocrine sequelae

21. Premature menopause (POI)

22. Primary testicular failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism)

23. Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY)

24. XYY syndrome with endocrine features

25. Anorchia (congenital) with endocrine effects

26. Cryptorchidism with endocrine dysfunction

27. Testicular Leydig cell tumor (androgen excess)

28. Testicular Sertoli cell tumor

29. Feminizing testicular tumors (estrogen-secreting)

30. Hypogonadism due to hemochromatosis (pituitary/testicular)

31. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to mumps orchitis

32. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (complete)

33. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (partial)

34. 5α-reductase deficiency

35. 17β-HSD deficiency (gonadal steroidogenesis)

36. Gonadotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma (FSH/LHoma)

37. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to autoimmune oophoritis

38. Ovarian resistance to FSH/LH (rare)

39. Polymorphisms/defects in FSH receptor (resistance)

40. Hypogonadism due to chronic systemic illness (functional)

41. Hypogonadism of obesity (male)

42. Hyperestrogenism of obesity (aromatization)

43. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia with virilization (gonadal impact)

44. Swyer syndrome (46,XY gonadal dysgenesis)

45. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (45,X/46,XY)

46. Ovotesticular DSD (true hermaphroditism)

47. Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (endocrine implications)

48. PCOS with insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome overlap

49. Ovarian failure post-oophorectomy

50. Hypogonadism from opioids (opioid-induced androgen deficiency)

Bone & mineral metabolism disorders

1. Osteoporosis (postmenopausal)

2. Osteoporosis (male)

3. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

4. Aromatase inhibitor–induced bone loss

5. Androgen deprivation therapy–induced bone loss

6. Secondary osteoporosis (hyperthyroidism)

7. Secondary osteoporosis (hyperparathyroidism)

8. Secondary osteoporosis (CKD/mineral bone disorder)

9. Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I)

10. Osteogenesis imperfecta (type II)

11. Osteogenesis imperfecta (type III)

12. Osteogenesis imperfecta (type IV)

13. Osteomalacia (vitamin D deficiency)

14. Osteomalacia (phosphate wasting)

15. Rickets (nutritional)

16. X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (PHEX)

17. Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (FGF23)

18. Tumor-induced osteomalacia (phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor)

19. Hypophosphatasia (adult)

20. Hypophosphatasia (infantile)

21. Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans)

22. High bone turnover states (thyrotoxicosis-related)

23. Low bone turnover (adynamic bone disease in CKD)

24. Renal osteodystrophy (osteitis fibrosa cystica)

25. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (severe HPT)

26. Brown tumors of hyperparathyroidism

27. Osteonecrosis of the jaw (antiresorptive-related)

28. Avascular necrosis (steroid-induced; endocrine link)

29. Hypercalciuria (idiopathic)

30. Hypocalciuria (FHH)

31. Hypocalcemia (postsurgical hypoparathyroidism)

32. Hypercalcemia (primary hyperparathyroidism)

33. Hypercalcemia (vitamin D intoxication)

34. Hypercalcemia (thyrotoxicosis)

35. Hypercalcemia (immobilization)

36. Hypocalcemia of vitamin D deficiency

37. Pseudohypoparathyroidism spectrum (bone phenotype)

38. Osteopetrosis (adult benign)

39. Osteopetrosis (infantile malignant)

40. Fluorosis (skeletal)

41. Aluminum-related bone disease (dialysis era)

42. Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency; bone mineral effects)

43. Copper deficiency bone disease (rare)

44. Magnesium deficiency–related bone disease

45. Calcium deficiency–related osteopenia

46. Hyperphosphatemia (CKD mineral bone disorder)

47. Hypophosphatemia (Fanconi syndrome)

48. Fanconi–Bickel disease (GLUT2; mineral effects)

49. Menkes disease (bone mineral defects)

50. Wilson disease (bone/mineral endocrine overlap)

Additional endocrine/metabolic syndromes that span multiple glands

1. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)

2. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A)

3. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B)

4. MEN4 (CDKN1B)

5. Carney complex

6. McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS)

7. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1)

8. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (APS-2)

9. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3

10. POEMS syndrome (endocrinopathy component)

11. Prader–Willi syndrome (hypothalamic endocrine issues)

12. Bardet–Biedl syndrome (obesity/endocrine)

13. Laurence–Moon syndrome

14. Lipodystrophy (familial partial, Dunnigan)

15. Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (Berardinelli–Seip)

16. Acquired partial lipodystrophy (Barraquer–Simons)

17. Metabolic syndrome (endocrine cluster)

18. Hypothalamic obesity syndromes

19. Hemochromatosis (pituitary/gonadal endocrine failure)

20. Amyloidosis with endocrine involvement

21. Sarcoidosis with endocrine involvement

22. Thalassemia with endocrine iron overload (hypogonadism, DM)

23. HIV-associated endocrine dysfunction (adrenal, gonadal, thyroid)

24. Anorexia nervosa endocrine axis suppression

25. Chronic liver disease–related endocrine dysfunction

26. Chronic kidney disease–related endocrine dysfunction (MBD, gonadal)

27. Post-bariatric surgery endocrine/metabolic complications

28. Endocrine effects of malignancy (paraneoplastic)

29. Endocrine toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors

30. Endocrine toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors

31. Endocrine toxicity of amiodarone (thyroid)

32. Endocrine toxicity of glucocorticoids (Cushingoid; bone loss)

33. Endocrine toxicity of antiepileptics (bone/sex hormones)

34. Endocrine aging (andropause, menopause; HPT axis changes)

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. Regular check-ups and awareness can help to manage and prevent complications associated with these diseases conditions. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. We always try to ensure that the content is regularly updated to reflect the latest medical research and treatment options. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

The article is written by Team RxHarun and reviewed by the Rx Editorial Board Members

Last Updated: September 30, 2025.