Deep Agraphia
Deep agraphia is a central writing disorder that sits at the “deep” end of the agraphia spectrum: people can still hold a pen, but when they try to spell they swap whole words for related ones (“dog” ...
Rx Autoimmune, Genetic and Rare Diseases (A – Z)
Lexical (Surface) Agraphia
Lexical agraphia—more often called surface agraphia—is an acquired writing disorder in which a person can still spell regular, phonetically predictable words ( cat, table, music ) and even nonsense ...
Phonological Agraphia
Agraphia is the acquired loss or breakdown of the ability to write. “Phonological agraphia” is one special, clinically recognised subtype in which the link between speech-sounds (phonemes) and ...
Alexia–Agraphia
Agraphia is the acquired inability or severe difficulty to write meaningful words, sentences, or numbers after previously learning how to do so. It usually happens when parts of the brain that plan, ...
Pure (isolated) Agraphia
Pure—or isolated—agraphia is an acquired loss of the previously normal ability to write without parallel problems in reading, speaking, or motor strength. In most people it appears suddenly after a ...
Agraphia
Agraphia is a neurological language disorder in which a person loses the ability to write words, sentences, or even single letters that they once knew how to produce. It is not caused by poor ...
Gerstmann Syndrome
Gerstmann syndrome is a rare but clearly recognisable brain-based disorder. It happens when a small patch of the left parietal lobe—near the angular gyrus—stops working properly. Gerstmann syndrome ...
Fryns Syndrome
Fryns syndrome (FS) is a very rare, autosomal-recessive condition in which a baby is born with a distinctive combination of problems that begin during the first weeks of life in the womb. The ...
Frey’s Syndrome
Frey’s syndrome (also called auriculotemporal syndrome or gustatory sweating) is a nerve-related condition in which part of the face—usually the cheek, temple or area in front of the ear—flushes and ...
Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS)
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, usually shortened to FXTAS, is a progressive brain-and-nerve disorder that appears most often in people over 50 who carry the FMR1 premutation (55-200 CGG ...
Fragile X Syndrome
Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and a major single-gene trigger of autism-spectrum traits. It happens when a DNA segment called the CGG triplet on the ...
Foville’s Syndrome
FOXG1 syndrome is a rare, genetic, life-long neuro-developmental condition caused by harmful changes (mutations, deletions or duplications) in the FOXG1 gene. That gene is a “master switch” that ...
Foville’s Syndrome
Foville’s syndrome is a rare brainstem stroke syndrome caused by a lesion in the inferomedial aspect of the pons. First described in 1858 by Achille Louis François Foville, the classic presentation ...
Pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome
Pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome is a neurological and ophthalmological condition characterized by optic nerve changes in both eyes—one eye shows optic atrophy (pale optic disc) while the other shows ...
Bilateral Papilledema and Unilateral Optic Atrophy
Bilateral papilledema is the symmetrical swelling of the optic nerve head in both eyes, seen on fundus examination. It results from increased intracranial pressure that compresses the optic nerve ...
Classic Unilateral Atrophy with Contralateral Papilledema (CUACP)
Classic Unilateral Atrophy with Contralateral Papilledema (CUACP) is a rare eye-brain disorder in which one optic nerve wastes away (atrophy) while the optic disc of the other eye swells ...
Foster Kennedy Syndrome
Foster Kennedy syndrome is a rare neuro-ophthalmic condition characterized by a combination of optic nerve atrophy in one eye and papilledema (swelling of the optic disc) in the other eye. This ...
Flynn–Aird Syndrome
Flynn–Aird syndrome is a very rare, hereditary neuroectodermal disorder that affects multiple body systems—including the nervous, skin, skeletal, ocular, auditory, and glandular systems. It was first ...
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES)
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) is a rare, catastrophic epileptic encephalopathy that strikes previously healthy individuals—most often school-aged children—who develop severe, ...
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), often called prion diseases, are a rare class of fatal brain disorders caused by misfolded forms of the prion protein (PrP). Under normal ...
