Rx Autoimmune, Genetic and Rare Diseases (A – Z)
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Deep Agraphia
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Deep agraphia is a central writing disorder that sits at the “deep” end of the agraphia spectrum: people can still hold a pen, but when they try to spell they ...

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Lexical (Surface) Agraphia
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Lexical agraphia—more often called surface agraphia—is an acquired writing disorder in which a person can still spell regular, phonetically predictable words ( ...

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Phonological Agraphia
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Agraphia is the acquired loss or breakdown of the ability to write. “Phonological agraphia” is one special, clinically recognised subtype in which the link ...

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Alexia–Agraphia
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Agraphia is the acquired inability or severe difficulty to write meaningful words, sentences, or numbers after previously learning how to do so. It usually ...

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Pure (isolated) Agraphia
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Pure—or isolated—agraphia is an acquired loss of the previously normal ability to write without parallel problems in reading, speaking, or motor strength. In ...

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Agraphia
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Agraphia is a neurological language disorder in which a person loses the ability to write words, sentences, or even single letters that they once knew how to ...

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Gerstmann Syndrome
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Gerstmann syndrome is a rare but clearly recognisable brain-based disorder. It happens when a small patch of the left parietal lobe—near the angular ...

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Fryns Syndrome
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Fryns syndrome (FS) is a very rare, autosomal-recessive condition in which a baby is born with a distinctive combination of problems that begin during the ...

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Frey’s Syndrome
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Frey’s syndrome (also called auriculotemporal syndrome or gustatory sweating) is a nerve-related condition in which part of the face—usually the cheek, temple ...

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Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS)
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Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, usually shortened to FXTAS, is a progressive brain-and-nerve disorder that appears most often in people over 50 ...

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Fragile X Syndrome
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Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and a major single-gene trigger of autism-spectrum traits. It happens when a ...

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Foville’s Syndrome
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FOXG1 syndrome is a rare, genetic, life-long neuro-developmental condition caused by harmful changes (mutations, deletions or duplications) in the FOXG1 gene. ...

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Foville’s Syndrome
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Foville’s syndrome is a rare brainstem stroke syndrome caused by a lesion in the inferomedial aspect of the pons. First described in 1858 by Achille Louis ...

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Pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome
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Pseudo-Foster Kennedy Syndrome is a neurological and ophthalmological condition characterized by optic nerve changes in both eyes—one eye shows optic atrophy ...

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Bilateral Papilledema and Unilateral Optic Atrophy
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Bilateral papilledema is the symmetrical swelling of the optic nerve head in both eyes, seen on fundus examination. It results from increased intracranial ...

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Classic Unilateral Atrophy with Contralateral Papilledema (CUACP)
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Classic Unilateral Atrophy with Contralateral Papilledema (CUACP) is a rare eye-brain disorder in which one optic nerve wastes away (atrophy) while the optic ...

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Foster Kennedy Syndrome
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Foster Kennedy syndrome is a rare neuro-ophthalmic condition characterized by a combination of optic nerve atrophy in one eye and papilledema (swelling of the ...

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Flynn–Aird Syndrome
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Flynn–Aird syndrome is a very rare, hereditary neuroectodermal disorder that affects multiple body systems—including the nervous, skin, skeletal, ocular, ...

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Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES)
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Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) is a rare, catastrophic epileptic encephalopathy that strikes previously healthy individuals—most often ...

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Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), often called prion diseases, are a rare class of fatal brain disorders caused by misfolded forms of the prion ...

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