A blind painful eye refers to an eye that has lost functional vision (no light perception) yet continues to experience persistent discomfort or pain. This ...

Blepharospasm is a neurological condition characterized by involuntary, forceful contractions of the muscles around the eyes, often leading to excessive ...

Blepharoptosis, commonly called ptosis, is a condition in which the upper eyelid droops lower than its normal position. In people with blepharoptosis, one or ...

Blepharophimosis‑Ptosis‑Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome (BPES) is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic disorder primarily affecting the development and appearance ...

Blepharophimosis syndrome (BPES) is a rare genetic condition characterized primarily by underdevelopment of the eyelid structures, leading to a narrowed ...

Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the eyelid margins (blepharitis), the conjunctiva (the clear mucous membrane ...

Blepharochalasis syndrome is a rare eyelid disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of painless, non‐pitting eyelid swelling. Over time, these repeated ...

Blepharitis is a chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins, presenting as redness, swelling, and crusting around the eyelashes. This condition typically ...

Bleb-associated infections (BRIs) are serious complications that can occur after glaucoma filtering surgery, particularly trabeculectomy. In this context, a ...

Blau syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder characterized by granulomatous inflammation primarily affecting the skin, joints, and ...

Blast‑Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (BITON) is a specific form of optic nerve injury that occurs when a high‑energy blast wave transmits mechanical forces ...

Black Cataract is an advanced, hypermature form of lens opacification in which the central nucleus becomes so sclerotic and discolored that it appears nearly ...

The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) is a standardized system created to ensure clear and consistent communication among healthcare professionals when ...

Birdshot retinochoroidopathy (BSCR), also known as birdshot chorioretinopathy or HLA‑A29 uveitis, is a rare, chronic inflammation of the back of both eyes (the ...

Biosimilars in ophthalmology are copies of biologic drugs used to treat eye conditions, offering a potentially more affordable alternative to the original ...

Anterior segment tumors are abnormal growths that arise in the front part of the eye, including the iris, ciliary body, and conjunctiva. These lesions can be ...

Intraocular tumors are abnormal growths that develop inside the eye. These tumors can arise from different parts of the eye’s structure—such as the retina, ...

Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s defense system mistakenly attacks tissues around ...

Bilateral optic disc edema refers to swelling of the optic nerve heads in both eyes simultaneously. This swelling arises when axoplasmic flow within the optic ...

Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation (BDUMP) is a rare paraneoplastic eye disorder in which benign melanocytes within the uveal tract (the iris, ...