Cannabinoid‑induced glaucoma is a rare but clinically important form of secondary glaucoma in which exposure to phytocannabinoids (plant‑derived compounds such ...

Cancer‑associated retinopathy (often shortened to CAR) is a rare “paraneoplastic” eye disease. That means the cancer is somewhere else in the body, but the ...

Canaliculitis is an inflammation and infection of one or both canaliculi – the 8‑mm tubes that carry tears from each eyelid punctum into the nose. It makes the ...

Canalicular obstruction is a blockage or marked narrowing of one or both tiny channels (canaliculi) that drain tears from each eyelid toward the lacrimal ...

A canalicular laceration is a tear or cut that partially or completely disrupts one or both of the tiny drainage channels (canaliculi) that carry tears from ...

Calcific Band Keratopathy (CBK) is a slowly progressive eye surface disorder in which microscopic crystals of calcium hydroxy‑apatite accumulate across the ...

Brown syndrome—also called superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome—is an uncommon eye‑movement disorder in which the affected eye cannot look smoothly upward ...

Brown‑McLean Syndrome (BMS) is a rare, slowly developing eye problem in which the outer edge of the clear front window of the eye—the cornea—swells in a thin ...

Brow ptosis is the medical term doctors use when the eyebrow drops lower than its normal position on the forehead. In everyday language, it means a “sagging ...

Brittle Cornea Syndrome (often shortened to BCS) is a very rare, inherited connective‑tissue disorder in which the clear front window of the eye — the cornea — ...

Breast carcinoma metastatic to the orbit means that cells from a cancer that began in the breast have broken away, travelled through the bloodstream or ...

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) occurs when one of the smaller veins carrying blood away from the retina becomes blocked, leading to a buildup of ...

Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) is a blockage of one of the smaller arteries supplying the retina, the light‑sensing layer at the back of the eye. When ...

The Boston Type 2 Keratoprosthesis (KPro) is an artificial corneal implant specifically designed for eyes with severe end‑stage ocular surface disease in which ...

The Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis (BKPro) is an artificial cornea designed to restore vision in patients with severe corneal blindness who are poor candidates ...

Bosch–Boonstra–Schaaf Optic Atrophy Syndrome (BBSOAS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the NR2F1 gene. Individuals with ...

Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare vascular disorder characterized by multiple, soft, compressible venous malformations—often appearing as blue, ...

Dacryohemorrhea, also known as hemolacria or bloody epiphora, is the medical term for the presence of blood‑tinged or frank blood in the tear film when a ...

Hemolacria, also called bloody tears, dacryohemorrhea, or sanguineous lacrimation, is a rare condition in which a person’s tears are partially or wholly ...

Bloody tears, medically termed haemolacria (or hemolacria), refer to the rare phenomenon in which a person’s tears are tinged with or consist partly of blood. ...