An eyelid contusion, often called a “black eye,” is a bruise of the soft, thin skin and underlying tissues around the eye. It happens when a blunt object ...

Ocular adnexal trauma refers to any injury affecting the structures around the eyeball—namely the eyelids, lacrimal (tear) apparatus, conjunctiva, orbital soft ...

IgG4-related orbital inflammation is a specific form of a wider condition called IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). In IgG4-RD, certain immune cells (called ...

Idiopathic Neuroretinitis is an inflammation of the optic nerve head (optic disc) and adjacent retina for which no clear cause can be found. It typically ...

An idiopathic aneurysm is an unusual bulging or ballooning of a blood vessel wall that happens without any identifiable cause, such as trauma, infection, or ...

Idiopathic vasculitis is a condition in which the body’s blood vessels become inflamed for reasons that doctors cannot fully explain. In very simple English, ...

Idiopathic retinitis means the retina (the light-sensing layer at the back of your eye) is inflamed, and doctors cannot find any known infection, autoimmune ...

Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis (IMFC) is a rare, chronic eye disease where many small, inflamed spots develop deep in the back of the eye, especially in the ...

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is a condition where the pressure inside the skull (intracranial pressure) is higher than normal, even though there ...

Hypotropia in Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), also known as Graves’ orbitopathy, is when one eye is pulled downward relative to the other due to inflammation and ...

Hypotony maculopathy is an eye condition where the pressure inside the eyeball (intraocular pressure or IOP) falls so low that it damages the macula, the ...

Hypnic headache, often called “alarm clock headache,” is a rare primary headache disorder that happens only during sleep and consistently awakens people, ...

Hypertropia is a kind of eye misalignment (strabismus) in which one eye points higher than the other. This happens because the muscles or nerves that move the ...

Hypertropia is a form of eye misalignment where one eye drifts upward compared to the other. When both eyes look at the same point, one eye points higher than ...

Hypertelorism is a condition present at birth in which the distance between the two eye sockets (orbits) is larger than usual. In very simple English, imagine ...

Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is a common refractive error of the eye in which light entering the eye focuses behind the retina rather than directly ...

Hydroxychloroquine toxicity happens when the medicine hydroxychloroquine builds up in the body to levels that cause harm. Hydroxychloroquine is a drug often ...

Hurricane keratopathy is a condition that affects the clear front part of the eye called the cornea. In this condition, the cells on the surface of the cornea ...

Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) associated uveitis is an eye inflammation caused by infection with HTLV-1, a retrovirus that primarily infects ...

A meniscus tear—sometimes called a horseshoe tear because the meniscus is a small, horseshoe-shaped piece of cartilage in your knee, or a flap tear when a ...