Bacterial conjunctivitis, commonly known as “pink eye,” is an inflammation of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that lines the white part of the eye and ...

Bacillary Layer Detachment (BLD) is a specific form of retinal separation in which the photoreceptor inner segment myoid zone splits from the outer segment ...

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a rare, inherited disorder affecting the front part of the eye (the anterior segment) and often causing changes in other ...

Axenfeld nerve loops are small, benign loops of the long posterior ciliary nerves that have formed an extra bend as they travel through the sclera (the white ...

Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA), also known as Kjer’s optic neuropathy, is a hereditary eye disorder characterized by a gradual degeneration of retinal ...

Autosomal Dominant Neovascular Inflammatory Vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV) is a rare, inherited eye disease caused by mutations in the CAPN5 gene, which encodes the ...

Autologous Serum Tears are eye drops made from a patient’s own blood. A small sample of the patient’s blood is drawn, allowed to clot, and then spun down in a ...

Autokeratoplasty, also known as corneal autografting, is a surgical procedure in which a patient’s own corneal tissue is transplanted to replace a damaged or ...

Autoimmune-related optic neuropathy is a group of eye conditions where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the optic nerve—the vital cable that carries ...

Autoimmune-Related Retinopathy (AIR) is a rare immunological condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly targets proteins within the retina, leading ...

Atrophic holes are full-thickness breaks in the retina that occur without significant vitreous traction. Over time, the retinal tissue gradually thins ...

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory disease of the ocular surface that almost exclusively affects individuals with a ...

Athabascan brainstem dysgenesis syndrome (ABDS) is a very rare genetic disorder that affects the development of the brainstem and related structures in early ...

Astigmatism syndrome—sometimes called “astigmatic syndrome”—refers to the constellation of visual complaints and secondary symptoms that arise when the cornea ...

Asthenopia, commonly known as eye strain or eye fatigue, refers to a collection of subjective symptoms—such as discomfort around the eyes, tearing, headaches, ...

Asteroid hyalosis is a benign, degenerative eye condition in which small, spherical, yellow-white particles known as asteroid bodies float within the vitreous ...

Lissencephaly, from the Greek meaning “smooth brain,” is a rare neuronal migration disorder characterized by the absence (agyria) or simplification ...

Asian blepharoplasty—often called “double eyelid surgery”—is a cosmetic procedure designed to create or enhance the upper eyelid crease in people of East Asian ...

Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AAION) is a sudden and often painful loss of vision that arises when inflammation of medium-sized arteries—most ...

Arlt’s triangle pigmented refers to a pattern of keratic precipitates (KPs)—clusters of inflammatory cells—deposited in a wedge-shaped, inverted triangular ...