Congenital canal stenosis is a condition present from birth in which the space within the spinal canal is narrower than normal. This narrowing can occur ...

Split cord malformation (SCM), also known as diastematomyelia, is a rare congenital condition in which the spinal cord is longitudinally divided into two ...

Diastematomyelia, also known as split cord malformation, is a rare congenital spinal dysraphism in which the spinal cord is longitudinally divided into two ...

Caudal lipomyelomeningocele is a form of closed spinal dysraphism in which a fatty mass (lipoma) extends from beneath the skin into a defect in the lower ...

Dorsal lipomyelomeningocele is a form of closed spinal dysraphism in which a fatty mass (lipoma) is directly attached to the spinal cord and protrudes through ...

Lipomyelomeningocele is a rare, closed neural tube defect in which fat cells (a lipoma) grow alongside and tether the spinal cord, forming a subcutaneous mass ...

Lumbosacral myeloschisis is a severe, “open” neural-tube defect that sits at the very bottom of the spine (the lumbar–sacral junction). During the fourth week ...

Thoracolumbar myeloschisis is a rare, severe kind of open neural-tube defect. In the thoracic-lumbar part of the back the two sides of the baby’s forming spine ...

Craniorachischisis totalis is the most devastating member of the neural-tube-defect (NTD) family. In this anomaly, the cranial vault, brain, meninges and the ...

Myeloschisis–meningocele is an uncommon variety of open spina bifida in which two separate but related defects appear in the same segment of the spine. ...

Saccular caudal myeloschisis is a rare, severe form of spinal dysraphism that sits at the far end of the spina bifida spectrum. During the third and fourth ...

Caudal myeloschisis is one of the rarest “open” spinal-cord birth defects. During the third to fourth week of pregnancy, the back end of the neural tube is ...

Dorsal myeloschisis is a rare, “closed” neural-tube defect in which a short fibrous-neural stalk tethers the spinal cord to a tiny midline opening in the skin. ...

Open myeloschisis is the most severe “open” form of spina bifida (an open neural-tube defect). During the fourth week after conception, the edges of the ...

Myeloschisis is one of the most severe forms of open spina bifida. In this defect the back part of the embryonic neural tube never closes, so the spinal cord ...

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe form of spina bifida, a neural-tube defect in which the embryonic spinal column fails to close during the first four ...

A tethered cord is literally “anchored” to tissue around it—most often a thickened filum terminale, scar tissue after meningomyelocele repair, a lipoma, ...

Spinal cord tethering—also called tethered cord syndrome (TCS)—happens when bands of tissue, fat, bone, or scar firmly attach the spinal cord to surrounding ...

Spinal dysraphism is an umbrella term for birth-time (congenital) problems in which the spine, spinal cord, or the tissues that cover them do not close or ...

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is best known as an emergency that strikes suddenly when the bundle of nerve roots at the very bottom of the spinal cord is crushed ...