Macrocephaly-Capillary Malformation is a rare genetic over-growth condition in which a baby is born with, or quickly develops, an unusually large head ...

Lesch–Nyhan syndrome is a rare, X-linked, inherited metabolic disorder in which mutations in the HPRT1 gene on the X-chromosome disable the enzyme ...

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a rare but very severe childhood-onset epilepsy that keeps affecting people throughout life. Doctors recognise it by a “triad”: (1) ...

Anaplastic (Grade III) hemorrhagic ependymoma is a fast-growing, highly cellular brain or spinal-cord tumor that arises from ependymal cells—the thin lining of ...

A subependymoma is a low-grade (WHO grade 1) tumour that grows from the lining cells of the brain’s ventricular system or, less often, the central canal of the ...

A myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I glial tumor that grows from ependymal cells lining the central canal of the lower ...

Spinal hemorrhagic ependymoma is a rare spinal-cord tumor in which the neoplastic tissue suddenly or gradually fills with blood. Ependymomas are already the ...

Posterior fossa hemorrhagic ependymoma is a tumor that starts from the ependymal cells that normally line the fourth ventricle and the central canal of the ...

A supratentorial hemorrhagic ependymoma is a rare glial-cell tumour that grows above the tentorium (the fold of dura that separates the cerebral hemispheres ...

A focal cortical or subcortical hemorrhagic demyelinating lesion (FCS-HDL) is a small, sharply bordered patch of brain tissue in either the grey cortical ...

A diffuse axonal hemorrhagic demyelinating lesion (DAHDL) is a complex kind of brain-and-spinal-cord injury in which three types of tissue damage happen at the ...

A spinal cord hemorrhagic demyelinating lesion is an injury in which two damaging events collide at the same spot in the cord: Hemorrhage – a bleed ...

Recurrent Episodic Vasculitic Demyelination (REVD) is an uncommon pattern of nervous-system damage in which small and medium blood-vessel inflammation ...

Chronic Progressive Vasculitic Demyelination is a descriptive umbrella term used by neurologists to capture a group of rare disorders in which long-standing ...

Fulminant Vasculitic Demyelination (FVD) describes a “perfect storm” in which small- and medium-sized blood-vessels are attacked by the immune system ...

Sub-acute Vasculitic Hemorrhagic Demyelination (SVHD) is a rare, fiercely inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord. Doctors place it on the same ...

Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis (often shortened to AHLE and sometimes called Weston-Hurst syndrome) is an extremely rare but very aggressive brain and ...

“Brainstem and cerebellar hemorrhagic demyelination” refers to any disease process in which the insulating myelin sheaths of nerve fibers inside the brainstem ...

Periventricular Hemorrhagic Demyelination (PHD) describes a double hit to the brain’s white matter: bleeding (hemorrhage) into the tissue that lies next to the ...

Microvascular Hemorrhagic Demyelination (MHD) is a destructive injury in which tiny blood vessels inside the brain or spinal cord leak or rupture ...