Generalized Hyperhidrosis

Generalized hyperhidrosis is a medical condition that affects the whole body and results in excessive sweating. The sweating can be so severe that it interferes with daily activities and can cause emotional distress and embarrassment. Generalized hyperhidrosis can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary, meaning it can be caused by another underlying medical condition.

Types

The following are the main lists of generalized hyperhidrosis:

  1. Primary generalized hyperhidrosis (idiopathic hyperhidrosis)

Primary generalized hyperhidrosis is the most common type of generalized hyperhidrosis. It occurs without any underlying medical condition and affects about 3% of the population. It is typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and affects both sexes equally. The exact cause of primary generalized hyperhidrosis is unknown, but it is believed to be due to overactivity in the sympathetic nervous system that controls sweat production.

  1. Secondary generalized hyperhidrosis

Secondary generalized hyperhidrosis is a type of generalized hyperhidrosis that is caused by an underlying medical condition. It can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, including:

a. Endocrine disorders such as hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, and menopause

b. Nervous system disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injuries

c. Medications such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anti-anxiety drugs

d. Infections such as tuberculosis, HIV, and Lyme disease

e. Cancer and its treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy

f. Obesity and weight gain

g. Dehydration

  1. Focal generalized hyperhidrosis

Focal generalized hyperhidrosis is a type of generalized hyperhidrosis that affects specific areas of the body, such as the palms, soles, face, or underarms. It is caused by overactivity in the sympathetic nervous system and can be hereditary. Focal generalized hyperhidrosis can be diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and is typically accompanied by emotional distress and embarrassment.

  1. Localized generalized hyperhidrosis

Localized generalized hyperhidrosis is a type of generalized hyperhidrosis that affects only one area of the body, such as the palms, soles, face, or underarms. It is caused by overactivity in the sympathetic nervous system and can be hereditary. Localized generalized hyperhidrosis can be diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and is typically accompanied by emotional distress and embarrassment.

  1. Palmar hyperhidrosis

Palmar hyperhidrosis is a type of generalized hyperhidrosis that affects only the palms of the hands. It is caused by overactivity in the sympathetic nervous system and can be hereditary. Palmar hyperhidrosis can be diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and is typically accompanied by emotional distress and embarrassment.

  1. Plantar hyperhidrosis

Plantar hyperhidrosis is a type of generalized hyperhidrosis that affects only the soles of the feet. It is caused by overactivity in the sympathetic nervous system and can be hereditary. Plantar hyperhidrosis can be diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and is typically accompanied by emotional distress and embarrassment.

  1. Axillary hyperhidrosis

Axillary hyperhidrosis is a type of generalized hyperhidrosis that affects only the underarms. It is caused by overactivity in the sympathetic nervous system and can be hereditary. Axillary hyperhidrosis can be diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and is typically accompanied by emotional distress and embarrassment.

  1. Craniofacial hyperhidrosis

Craniofacial hyperhidrosis is a type of generalized hyperhidrosis that affects only the face, scalp, and neck.

Causes

There are several causes of generalized hyperhidrosis, including medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors.

  1. Medical Conditions

One of the most common causes of generalized hyperhidrosis is an underlying medical condition. Some of the medical conditions that can cause excessive sweating include:

a. Hyperthyroidism: This is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, causing the body to produce more heat. As a result, the body sweats more to regulate its temperature.

You Might Also Read  Test Diagnosis of Blau Syndrome, Prevention

b. Diabetes: People with uncontrolled diabetes often experience excessive sweating, especially at night. This is due to the high levels of glucose in their bloodstream, which can cause the body to produce more heat.

c. Menopause: During menopause, the hormonal changes in the body can cause excessive sweating, especially at night.

d. Parkinson’s disease: People with Parkinson’s disease often experience excessive sweating due to changes in the nervous system.

e. Anxiety and panic disorders: People with anxiety and panic disorders often experience excessive sweating due to the release of stress hormones.

  1. Medications

Some medications can cause excessive sweating as a side effect. Some of the most common medications that can cause hyperhidrosis include:

a. Antidepressants: Antidepressants, especially tricyclic antidepressants, can cause excessive sweating.

b. Antihypertensive medications: Some antihypertensive medications, such as beta-blockers, can cause excessive sweating.

c. Anticonvulsants: Anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin and carbamazepine, can cause excessive sweating.

d. Antipsychotics: Antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol, can cause excessive sweating.

  1. Lifestyle Factors

There are several lifestyle factors that can cause generalized hyperhidrosis, including:

a. Alcohol and caffeine consumption: Consuming alcohol and caffeine can cause the body to produce more heat, leading to excessive sweating.

b. Overweight and obesity: People who are overweight or obese are more likely to experience excessive sweating due to the increased amount of body fat, which generates more heat.

c. Poor hygiene: Poor hygiene, such as not showering regularly or wearing dirty clothes, can cause bacteria to build up on the skin, leading to excessive sweating and skin infections.

d. Stress and anxiety: Stress and anxiety can cause the body to produce more stress hormones, leading to excessive sweating.

  1. Idiopathic Hyperhidrosis

In some cases, the cause of generalized hyperhidrosis is unknown. This is known as idiopathic hyperhidrosis. People with idiopathic hyperhidrosis often experience excessive sweating for no apparent reason.

Symptoms

The symptoms of generalized hyperhidrosis can vary greatly depending on the severity of the condition, and may range from mild to severe. In this article, we will discuss the main symptoms of generalized hyperhidrosis in detail.

  1. Excessive Sweating: The most obvious symptom of generalized hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating. People with this condition may experience sweat that is excessive in quantity and frequency. They may sweat profusely from the head, face, neck, armpits, back, chest, and groin. This excessive sweating can be constant or intermittent, and can be accompanied by a strong odor.
  2. Night Sweats: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may also experience excessive sweating at night. This can be particularly distressing as it can disrupt sleep and cause discomfort. Night sweats can be accompanied by chills and feelings of cold.
  3. Stained Clothing: The excessive sweating associated with generalized hyperhidrosis can cause significant staining on clothing. This can be particularly distressing for people who are self-conscious about their appearance.
  4. Difficulty Sleeping: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may have difficulty sleeping due to the excessive sweating. This can cause fatigue and decreased energy levels during the day.
  5. Skin Irritation: Excessive sweating can cause skin irritation and chafing. This can be particularly problematic for people with sensitive skin.
  6. Embarrassment: Generalized hyperhidrosis can cause significant embarrassment and social anxiety for people who suffer from it. They may be afraid to participate in social activities or meet new people because of their excessive sweating.
  7. Poor Concentration: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may experience difficulty concentrating due to the discomfort and embarrassment associated with the condition.
  8. Reduced Physical Activity: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may be less physically active due to the discomfort and embarrassment associated with the condition. They may avoid physical activities that cause excessive sweating, such as exercise.
  9. Depression and Anxiety: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may experience depression and anxiety due to the negative impact the condition has on their quality of life.
  10. Fungal and Bacterial Infections: Excessive sweating can create a moist environment that is ideal for the growth of fungal and bacterial infections. People with generalized hyperhidrosis may experience skin infections or fungal infections as a result of the excessive sweating.
  11. Odor: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may experience a strong odor due to the excessive sweating. This can be particularly distressing for people who are self-conscious about their appearance.
  12. Numbness and Tingling: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may experience numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes due to excessive sweating. This can be particularly distressing for people who experience these symptoms frequently.
  13. Weight Loss: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may experience weight loss due to decreased physical activity and decreased appetite associated with the condition.
  14. Fatigue: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may experience fatigue due to decreased physical activity and disrupted sleep associated with the condition.
  15. Dry Mouth: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may experience dry mouth due to excessive sweating. This can be particularly distressing for people who have difficulty swallowing or speaking.
  16. Increased Heart Rate: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may experience increased heart rate due to the discomfort and embarrassment associated with the condition.
  17. Decreased Appetite: People with generalized hyperhidrosis may experience decreased

Diagnosis

The main diagnostic tests for generalized hyperhidrosis are as follows:

  1. Physical examination: A physical examination is the first step in diagnosing generalized hyperhidrosis. The doctor will ask about the symptoms, the duration, and the pattern of excessive sweating. They will also check for any skin changes or infections caused by excessive sweating. The doctor may also check the sweat glands by pressing the skin and observing the amount of sweat produced.
  2. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the medical history of the patient, including any previous illnesses, medications, and any family history of hyperhidrosis. This information helps the doctor to determine if there is a hereditary component to the condition.
  3. Iodine-Starch Test: The iodine-starch test is a simple and non-invasive test that is used to determine the extent of excessive sweating. The doctor will apply a solution of iodine and starch to the affected area and observe the formation of blue-black color. If the color is present, it indicates that there is excessive sweating in that area.
  4. Thermoregulatory sweat test: The thermoregulatory sweat test is a more invasive test that is used to determine the cause of generalized hyperhidrosis. This test involves exposing the patient to a warm environment and measuring the amount of sweat produced. If the amount of sweat produced is excessive, it indicates that the patient has generalized hyperhidrosis.
  5. Blood tests: Blood tests are performed to rule out other medical conditions that may cause excessive sweating. These tests include complete blood count, electrolyte levels, glucose levels, and thyroid function tests.
  6. CT scan or MRI: In some cases, a CT scan or MRI may be performed to rule out any underlying medical conditions, such as a tumor or nerve damage.
  7. Nerve conduction studies: Nerve conduction studies are performed to determine if there is any nerve damage or nerve compression causing excessive sweating.
  8. Skin biopsy: In rare cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out any skin conditions that may mimic hyperhidrosis.
You Might Also Read  Benign Migratory Glossitis

Once the diagnosis of generalized hyperhidrosis is confirmed, the doctor will determine the best treatment plan for the patient.

Treatment

Fortunately, there are a number of treatments available for generalized hyperhidrosis that can help to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

  1. Antiperspirants: Over-the-counter antiperspirants are often the first line of treatment for people with generalized hyperhidrosis. These antiperspirants contain aluminum-based compounds that help to block sweat glands and reduce sweat production. Some people may find that these antiperspirants are effective in reducing symptoms, while others may need a stronger prescription antiperspirant.
  2. Topical antiperspirants: Topical antiperspirants are similar to over-the-counter antiperspirants, but they are stronger and contain higher concentrations of aluminum-based compounds. These antiperspirants are applied directly to the skin and are usually used on specific areas of the body, such as the underarms, feet, or hands.
  3. Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections: Botulinum toxin injections are a popular treatment for generalized hyperhidrosis. The injections work by blocking the nerve signals that stimulate sweat production. Botulinum toxin injections are typically given in the underarms, but they can also be used on other areas of the body, such as the palms and soles of the feet.
  4. Iontophoresis: Iontophoresis is a procedure that uses a low-level electrical current to reduce sweat production. The procedure involves placing the affected body parts into a shallow basin of water that contains a small amount of a medication. The electrical current is then applied, which helps to reduce sweat production.
  5. Oral medications: There are a number of oral medications that can be used to treat generalized hyperhidrosis. These medications work by blocking the nerve signals that stimulate sweat production. Some of the most commonly used medications include anticholinergics, beta blockers, and antidepressants.
  6. Surgical procedures: For people with severe generalized hyperhidrosis, surgical procedures may be recommended. The most common surgical procedures for excessive sweating are sympathectomy, which involves cutting the nerves that stimulate sweat production, and liposuction, which removes the sweat glands.
  7. Lifestyle changes: Making certain lifestyle changes can also help to reduce symptoms of generalized hyperhidrosis. For example, wearing loose-fitting clothing, avoiding spicy foods and caffeine, and using antiperspirants can all help to reduce symptoms.
  8. Stress management: Stress and anxiety can often trigger excessive sweating. Therefore, it is important to manage stress and anxiety to help reduce symptoms. This can be done through a variety of methods, including exercise, meditation, and therapy.
  9. Natural remedies: There are also a number of natural remedies that can help to reduce symptoms of generalized hyperhidrosis. Some of the most popular remedies include drinking green tea, applying witch hazel, and using baking soda as a natural antiperspirant.
You Might Also Read  Sailor’s Lip - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Overall, there are many different treatments available for generalized hyperhidrosis. The best treatment will depend on the severity of the condition and the individual’s personal preferences. Some people may find that a combination of treatments works best, while others may only need one or two treatments to effectively manage their symptoms.

It is important to talk to a doctor or healthcare provider before starting any treatment for generalized hyperhidrosis.

References