Acquired Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa

Acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa is a medical condition characterized by excessive hair growth, typically on the face and neck. It is considered to be a rare condition and is most often seen in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Unlike hirsutism, which is characterized by terminal hair growth, hypertrichosis lanuginosa is characterized by fine, soft, and vellus hair growth.

The term “lanuginosa” is derived from the Latin word for “wool-like,” and refers to the fine and soft quality of the hair that is produced in this condition. This hair growth is usually not associated with any underlying hormonal or genetic abnormality, and is therefore considered to be an acquired condition.

Causes

The main causes of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa are classified into two main categories: systemic and local causes.

Systemic causes refer to conditions that originate from within the body and can result in widespread symptoms and hair growth. Some of the most common systemic causes of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa include:

  1. Hormonal imbalances: Hormonal imbalances, such as an overproduction of androgens (male hormones) in women, can lead to excessive hair growth in various areas of the body. Hormonal imbalances can be caused by conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), adrenal gland disorders, and thyroid disorders.
  2. Medications: Certain medications can cause hypertrichosis lanuginosa as a side effect. These medications include corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and minoxidil.
  3. Infections: Certain infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), can cause hair growth in unusual places as a result of a suppressed immune system.
  4. Cancer: Certain types of cancer, such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma and leukaemia, can cause excessive hair growth as a result of hormonal changes and a suppressed immune system.

Local causes of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa refer to conditions that are specific to a certain area of the body and can result in hair growth in that area. Some of the most common local causes of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa include:

  1. Trauma: Trauma to the skin, such as cuts, burns, or abrasions, can result in the growth of hair in the affected area.
  2. Skin conditions: Certain skin conditions, such as lichen planus, can result in the growth of hair in affected areas.
  3. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy for cancer can cause hair growth in areas that were exposed to radiation.
  4. Skin infections: Skin infections, such as folliculitis, can result in hair growth in the affected area.

It is important to note that acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa can also be idiopathic, meaning that there is no known cause. In these cases, the exact cause of the condition remains unknown.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa include:

  1. Excessive hair growth: The most obvious symptom of AHL is the excessive hair growth that occurs in areas that are typically not hairy. This hair growth is fine and soft and may appear in a uniform pattern or in patches.
  2. Rapid hair growth: The hair growth in individuals with AHL can be rapid and may occur within a short period of time. This rapid growth may be accompanied by itching or a burning sensation in the affected areas.
  3. Changes in hair color: The hair that grows in individuals with AHL may be darker or lighter than their normal hair color. This may result in an uneven hair color and an overall change in their appearance.
  4. Hirsutism: In some cases, individuals with AHL may also experience hirsutism, which is the growth of hair in areas that are typically not hairy in women. This includes the face, chest, and back.
  5. Alopecia: In some cases, individuals with AHL may experience alopecia, which is a type of hair loss. This may result in hair thinning or complete hair loss in the affected areas.
  6. Pain or discomfort: Some individuals with AHL may experience pain or discomfort in the affected areas, especially if the hair growth is accompanied by itching or a burning sensation.
  7. Psychological distress: Individuals with AHL may also experience psychological distress, such as low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, as a result of their appearance.

The exact cause of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa is not yet known, but it is believed to be associated with a number of factors, including:

  1. Drugs: Some drugs, such as minoxidil, cyclosporine, and diazoxide, have been known to cause excessive hair growth as a side effect.
  2. Infections: Some infections, such as Lyme disease, can result in hair growth in areas that are typically not hairy.
  3. Hormonal imbalances: Hormonal imbalances, such as an overproduction of androgens, can result in excessive hair growth.
  4. Nutritional deficiencies: Nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of iron or biotin, can result in hair loss and hair growth in areas that are typically not hairy.
  5. Genetics: In some cases, acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa may be inherited and may run in families.

Diagnosis

This condition is not hereditary and occurs as a result of an underlying medical condition or treatment. The main diagnosis of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various tests to determine the underlying cause.

Medical History: The first step in diagnosing acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa is taking a thorough medical history. The doctor will ask about the patient’s symptoms, when they first appeared, and any medical conditions or treatments that may be related. The doctor will also ask about the patient’s family history of hair loss or excess hair growth.

Physical Examination: A physical examination is a crucial part of the diagnostic process. The doctor will examine the patient’s hair and skin, paying close attention to the distribution and thickness of the hair. The doctor will also examine the patient’s face, neck, and upper trunk to look for any signs of underlying medical conditions, such as acne, rosacea, or seborrheic dermatitis.

Hair Sampling: Hair sampling is a test that involves taking a small sample of hair from the affected area and examining it under a microscope. This test can help determine the cause of the hair growth and whether it is related to an underlying medical condition, such as hormonal imbalances or an autoimmune disorder.

Blood Tests: Blood tests are often used to diagnose acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. These tests can help determine the presence of underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the hair growth, such as anemia, thyroid disorders, or hormonal imbalances. The doctor may also perform tests to check the patient’s liver and kidney function, as well as their levels of testosterone and estrogen.

Skin Biopsy: In some cases, a skin biopsy may be necessary to diagnose acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. A skin biopsy involves removing a small sample of skin from the affected area and examining it under a microscope. This test can help determine the cause of the hair growth and whether it is related to an underlying skin condition, such as a fungal infection or skin cancer.

Imaging Tests: Imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, may be used to diagnose acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa if the doctor suspects an underlying medical condition. These tests can help determine the presence of any abnormalities or growths that may be contributing to the hair growth.

Treatment

In order to effectively treat acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa, it is important to understand the underlying cause of the condition and then proceed with the appropriate treatment.

  1. Medications: If the cause of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa is due to certain medications, it is important to discontinue or adjust the dosage of these medications. This can help to reduce hair growth and improve the overall appearance of the skin.
  2. Hormonal imbalances: If the cause of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa is due to hormonal imbalances, it is important to address these imbalances. This can be done through hormonal therapy or by using medications that regulate hormone levels in the body.
  3. Laser hair removal: Laser hair removal is a popular and effective treatment for acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. This procedure uses laser energy to destroy the hair follicle, which in turn reduces hair growth. This treatment is safe, effective, and can be performed on any part of the body.
  4. Electrolysis: Electrolysis is another popular treatment for acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. This procedure uses an electrical current to destroy the hair follicle and reduce hair growth. This treatment is particularly effective for those with dark hair and light skin.
  5. Waxing and plucking: Waxing and plucking are two temporary treatments for acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. These procedures are performed by removing the hair from the skin, which helps to reduce hair growth and improve the overall appearance of the skin.
  6. Underlying medical conditions: If the cause of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa is due to an underlying medical condition, it is important to address this condition. This can be done through medications, lifestyle changes, or other treatments that are appropriate for the underlying condition.
  7. Topical creams: Topical creams are another effective treatment for acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. These creams contain various active ingredients that help to reduce hair growth and improve the overall appearance of the skin.
  8. Surgical procedures: In some cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to treat acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. This can include procedures such as hair transplants, skin grafts, or other procedures that are designed to remove the hair and improve the overall appearance of the skin.

In conclusion, there are many different treatments available for acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa, and the best treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the condition. Some of the most common treatments include medications, hormonal therapy, laser hair removal, electrolysis, waxing and plucking, topical creams, and surgical procedures. In order to determine the best treatment for your individual case, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional who can diagnose the underlying cause of your condition and recommend the appropriate treatment.

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References