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Bosutinib – Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interaction

Mechanism of Action

Bosutinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Although it is able to inhibit several tyrosine kinases such as Src, Lyn, and Hck, which are members of the Src family of kinases, its primary target is the Bcr-Abl kinase. The Bcr-Abl gene is a chimeric oncogene created from the fusion of the breakpoint-cluster (Bcr) gene and the Abelson (Abl) tyrosine gene. This chromosomal abnormality results in the formation of what is commonly known as the Philadelphia chromosome or Philadelphia translocation. The Bcr-Abl gene expresses a particular kinase that promotes the progression of CML. A decrease in the growth and size of the CML tumor has been observed following the administration of bosutinib. Bosutinib did not inhibit the T315I and V299L mutant cells.

Indications

  • Treatment of chronic, accelerated, or blast phase Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy in adult patients.
  • Bosulif is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with newly‑diagnosed chronic phase (CP) Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (Ph+ CML). CP, accelerated phase (AP), and blast phase (BP) Ph+ CML previously treated with one or more tyrosine kinase inhibitor(s) [TKI(s)] and for whom imatinibnilotinib, and dasatinib are not considered appropriate treatment options.
  • Bosutinib is a dual kinase inhibitor of both the BCR-ABL and Src tyrosine kinases and is used in the therapy of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bosutinib therapy is associated with transient elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.
  • Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic, Chronic Phase
  • Blast phase Chronic myelocytic leukemia
  • Refractory, accelerated phase Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Use in Cancer

Bosutinib is approved to treat:

Bosutinib is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer.

Contraindication

Dosage

Strengths: 100 mg; 500 mg; 400 mg

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Newly-diagnosed:

Chronic/accelerated/blast phase:

Renal Dose Adjustments

RECOMMENDED STARTING DOSE for newly-diagnosed chronic phase Ph+ CML:

RECOMMENDED STARTING DOSE for Chronic, accelerated, or blast phase Ph+ CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy:

Liver Dose Adjustments

RECOMMENDED STARTING DOSE for newly-diagnosed chronic phase Ph+ CML:

RECOMMENDED STARTING DOSE for Chronic, accelerated, or blast phase Ph+ CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy:

Dose Adjustments

DOSE ESCALATION:

NON-HEMATOLOGIC ADVERSE REACTIONS:
Elevated liver transaminases:

Diarrhea:

Other Moderate or Severe Non-Hematologic Adverse Reactions:

MYELOSUPPRESSION:

Side Effects

The Most Common

More Common

Rare

Drug Interactions

Pregnancy and Lactation

US FDA pregnancy category: Not assigned

Pregnancy

This medication should not be taken during pregnancy. Bosutinib may cause severe harm to a developing baby if it is taken by the mother while she is pregnant. Female partners of men taking this medication should not become pregnant. Both women and men must use a reliable method of birth control (e.g., condoms, birth control pill) during treatment and for at least 4 weeks after treatment is finished. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.

Lactation

No information is available on the clinical use of bosutinib during breastfeeding. Because bosutinib is 96% bound to plasma proteins, the amount in milk is likely to be low. However, its half-life is about 22 hours and it might accumulate in the infant. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend avoiding breastfeeding during bosutinib therapy and the manufacturer recommends withholding breastfeeding until 2 weeks following the last dose.

How should this medicine be used?

Bosutinib comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken with food once a day. Take bosutinib at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take bosutinib exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Swallow the tablets whole; do not split, chew, or crush them. If any of the tablets are broken or crushed, do not touch them with your bare hands.

Your doctor may temporarily or permanently stop your treatment or adjust your dose of bosutinib depending on your response to treatment and any side effects that you experience. Talk to your doctor about how you are feeling during your treatment. Continue to take bosutinib even if you feel well. Do not stop taking bosutinib without talking to your doctor.

Ask your pharmacist or doctor for a copy of the manufacturer’s information for the patient.

What special precautions should I follow?

Before taking bosutinib,

  • tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to bosutinib or any of the ingredients in bosutinib tablets. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients.
  • tell your doctor and pharmacist what other prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention any of the following: certain antifungals such as ketoconazole and itraconazole (Sporanox); aprepitant (Emend); certain medications used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) such as indinavir (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir), and saquinavir (Invirase); medications to reduce stomach acid (proton-pump inhibitors) such as esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec), pantoprazole (Protonix), and rabeprazole (AcipHex); diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia, Tiazac); erythromycin (E.E.S., E-Mycin, Erythrocin); nefazodone; rifabutin (Mycobutin); and rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane in Rifamate, in Rifater). Many other medications may also interact with bosutinib, so be sure to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking, even those that do not appear on this list.
  • if you are taking antacids, such as aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide (Maalox), calcium carbonate (Tums) or calcium carbonate and magnesium (Rolaids), or medications to reduce stomach acids, such as cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), or ranitidine (Zantac), take them 2 hours before or 2 hours after you take bosutinib.
  • tell your doctor what herbal products you are taking, especially St. John’s wort.
  • tell your doctor if you have or have ever had high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney, liver, or heart disease.
  • tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You will need to take a pregnancy test before you start treatment and you should not become pregnant while you are taking bosutinib. You should use an effective form of birth control during treatment with bosutinib and for 2 weeks after your final dose. Talk to your doctor about birth control methods that will work for you. If you become pregnant while taking bosutinib, call your doctor. Bosutinib may harm the fetus.
  • tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding. You should not breastfeed while you are taking bosutinib and for 2 weeks after your last dose.
  • you should know that this medication may decrease fertility in men and women. Talk to your doctor about the risks of taking bosutinib.

References

  1. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Bosutinib
  2. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Bosutinib-monohydrate
  3. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/bosutinib
  4. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB06616
  5. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-162353/bosutinib-oral/details/list-contraindications
  6. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a613005.html
  7. https://www.drugs.com/mtm/bosutinib.html
  8. https://www.medbroadcast.com/drug/getdrug/bosulif
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  10. LICENSE
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  11. ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
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  13. 4-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino]-6-methoxy-7-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy]quinoline-3-carbonitrile
  14. NCI Thesaurus Tree
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  16. PubChem
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    Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification
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    NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
  20. NCBI

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