Diclofenamide – Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interaction

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce intraocular pressure by partially suppressing the secretion of aqueous humor (inflow), although the mechanism by which they do this is not fully understood. Evidence suggests that HCO^3- ions are produced in the ciliary body by hydration of carbon dioxide under the influence of carbonic anhydrase and diffuse into the posterior chamber which contains more Na⁺ and HCO^3- ions than does plasma and consequently is hypertonic. Water is then attracted to the posterior chamber by osmosis, resulting in a drop in pressure.

• For adjunctive treatment of chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucoma where delay of surgery is desired in order to lower intraocular pressure.
• Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
• Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
• Primary Periodic Paralysis

Contraindications of Diclofenamide

• Hyperchloremic acidosis
• Hypokalemia (low blood potassium)
• Hyponatremia (low blood sodium)
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Impaired kidney function
• Hypersensitivity to acetazolamide or other sulfonamides.
• Marked liver disease or impairment of liver function, including cirrhosis because of the risk of development of hepatic encephalopathy. Acetazolamide decreases ammonia clearance
• type 1 diabetes mellitus
• a condition where the adrenal glands produce less hormones called Addison’s disease
• a type of joint disorder due to excess uric acid in the blood called gout
• respiratory acidosis, an acid-base disorder
• a blood disorder
• decreased lung function
• liver problems
• severe liver disease
• renal tubular acidosis
• recurrent calcium-containing kidney stones
• decreased kidney function
• hyperchloremic acidosis

Dosage of Diclofenamide

• Strengths: 50 mg

Primary Periodic Paralysis

• Initial dose: 50 mg orally 2 times a day; the initial dose may be increased or decreased based on individual response, at weekly intervals (or sooner in case of adverse reaction)
• Maximum dose: 200 mg orally per day

Side Effects of Diclofenamide

The Most Common

• Abdominal or stomach pain
• black, tarry stools
• blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin
• chest pain or discomfort
• chills
• confusion
• convulsions
• cough or hoarseness
• dark urine
• decreased urine
• diarrhea
• dilated neck veins
• dizziness
• drowsiness
• dry mouth
• extreme fatigue
• fever with or without chills
• the general feeling of tiredness or weakness
• headache
• increased thirst
• irregular breathing
• irregular heartbeat
• itching or rash
• joint or muscle pain
• light-colored stools
• loss of appetite
• lower back or side pain
• mood changes
• muscle pain or cramps
• nausea or vomiting
• numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, or lips
• painful or difficult urination
• rapid, deep breathing
• red skin lesions, often with a purple center
• red, irritated eyes
• restlessness
• sore throat
• sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips
• stomach cramps
• swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs
• swollen or painful glands
• tightness in the chest
• unpleasant breath odor
• unusual bleeding or bruising
• unusual tiredness or weakness
• vomiting of blood
• weight gain
• yellow eyes or skin

Common

• Bloody or cloudy urine
• bloody, black, or tarry stools
• burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, “pins and needles”, or tingling feelings
• continuing ringing or buzzing or other unexplained noise in the ears
• difficult or painful urination
• fainting
• hearing loss
• high fever
• pale skin
• shakiness and unsteady walk
• shakiness in the legs, arms, hands, or feet
• a sudden decrease in the amount of urine
• unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination

Rare

• Burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, “pins and needles”, or tingling feelings
• change in taste
• difficulty with moving
• a general feeling of discomfort or illness
• loss of taste
• muscle pain or stiffness
• muscle spasms
• muscle twitching
• pain in the joints
• trouble performing routine tasks
• unusual drowsiness, dullness, tiredness, weakness, or feeling of sluggishness