Salam panja, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Himalayan Marsh Orchid

Himalayan Marsh Orchid scientifically known as Dactylorhiza hatagirea is a medicinal herb belonging to Orchidaceae which is now considered critically endangered. The plant is native to India, China, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Tibet, Bhutan, Europe, North Africa, Temperate Asia, Mongolia and Nepal. In India,  the plant is found in Jammu and  Kashmir,  including Ladakh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal  Pradesh, and Sikkim. Some of the popular common names of the plant are Nar mada, Salap, Panch aunle, Himalayan Marsh Orchid, Marsh Orchids, Salam panja, Hatta had and Spotted Heart Orchid. Roots of D. hatagirea resemble with 5 fingered hands, so named as hath panja (India) or panchaula (Nepal).

Genus name Dactylorhiza is derived from Greek origin dactyls which means finger and rhiza for root that referring toward palmately shape two- to five-lobed tubers.  The plant is well known for its medicinal value. The root has a sweet taste. It is strictly prohibited for collection and sale but can be found easily around Nepal. It costs around NRs. 10,000-15,000 per kilo as of late 2015. Due to its specific identification trait and rich medicinal value of root, the plant is accidentally facing conservation threats.

Plant Description

Salam panja is a terrestrial glabrous, perennial, medicinal herb with long flowering stems. The plant normally attains a height of 20-25 cm. The plant is found growing in damp pastures, open areas, shrubland, open meadows, open slopes, and marshes. The plant grows best in moist meadow soils. The soil must be dark grey, granular, sandy loam, micaceous sandy soils at greater depth. It is a perennial herb with erect, leafy, stout, and hollow stems. Roots are mainly tuberous type, palm shape divided into 3 or 5 lobes or fingers. Roots are rich in dactyloses, dactylorhins, starch, mucilage and other glycosides. They are mainly collected or uprooted during seed formation so, due to early harvesting, it faces the threats of extinction. Leaves are 4-6, cauline, leaf blade oblong to linear-lanceolate, 8 -15 cm long and 1.5-3 cm wide, base sheathing, apex obtuse, or acuminate.

Flowers

Pink purple flowers are borne in upright dense spike inflorescences and are zygomorphic, having fused male and female reproductive organs. Flowers are purple and the bracts green, narrowly lance-shaped, lower longer than the flowers, upper slightly shorter. Flowers are about 1.8 cm long, including the curved spur. Sepals and petals are nearly equal. Three of them form a hood, and the two side sepals spread outwards. The lip is rounded and shallowly 3-lobed spotted dark purple. Flowering normally takes place in between June and July.

Fruit

Fertile flowers are followed by loculicidal capsules and minute seeds are generally liberated as immature embryos at the globular stage.

Salam Panja Facts

Ethno Medicinal uses of different part

Health benefits of Salam Panja

Normally the root of Salam panja is used extensively in Ayurveda for its health-benefiting properties. According to Ayurveda, this plant has the ability to calm Vata and Pitta dosha. It is sweet in taste and has cold potency. It is considered one of the powerful Ayurvedic herbs for treating male infertility. It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Here are a few health benefits of the Salam panja.

1. Male infertility

Salam Panja is a wonderful herbal medication used for treating male impotency rising out of low sperm count or lack of sperm motility. Salam Panja helps to increase the sperm count by boosting the testosterone levels in the blood and improving the quality and motility of the sperm. Hence, it is considered an effective treatment for oligospermia and oligozoospermia.

2. Gastrointestinal problems

Salam panja is an excellent herb for dealing with gastrointestinal problems. It combats numerous digestion-related problems like indigestion and acidity. It improves the overall health of the digestive system. It also provides relief from stomach aches.

3. Immunity

Salam panja is loaded with essential nutrients and has immunity-boosting properties that help build a stronger immune system. Consuming the root powder of this plant helps to flushes out the toxins from the body. It fortifies the body and provides energy.

4. Stress

Salam panja has the ability to calm the mind and body. It is used as a nervine tonic in Ayurveda. The chemical constituents present in Salam panja helps to reduce the high level of cortisol hormones and bring a calming effect on the person. It also promotes good sleep.

5. Skin conditions

Salam Panja is used to treat certain skin conditions like wounds and ulcers. It helps in the faster healing of wounds by encouraging the regeneration of skin cells and helping the repair processes of the body. The juice of this herb can be consumed to heal cuts and wounds. This property of Salam Panja is also helpful in the management of gastritis, in which it repairs the damaged mucosa of the stomach and provides relief from hyperacidity.

6. Erectile dysfunctions and premature ejaculation

Salam Panja can be used to treat male health problems like erectile dysfunctions. It increases the strength of the muscles in the penile tissue and also increases the blood supply into the organ thus allowing a man to get an erection. This herb is known to possess a strong penile erection index, which is a measure of how long a man can maintain an erection. Hence, it is considered useful for treating premature ejaculation also.

Traditional uses and benefits of Salam Panja

• Juice extracted from the stem of the plant treats inflammation of the gum and teeth.
• The juice helps to cure cuts, wounds, and ulcers.
• Root paste of marsh orchid is applied as a poultice on wounds and cuts.
• The extract treats intestinal disorders.
• Oil is applied topically on the penile tissue for curing erectile dysfunction and nightfall. It strengthens the muscles in the penile tissues.
• The herb is used for treating fractured bones.
• Salab Punja root is good for building mass.
• It promotes the formation of tissues resulting in increased muscle mass. It increases Body weight and promotes strength.
• It stimulates the physical performance of men. It enhances the stamina, strength, and sex drive in men.
• It boosts the production of male hormones called testosterone.
• It promotes the production of Nitric oxide in the muscles of penile tissue.
• It is also used to treat Oligospermia (low sperm count) and Oligozoospermia (lack of sperm motility).
• It treats gastritis and hyperacidity.
• Marsh Orchid repairs damaged mucosa of the stomach.
• Salep obtained from tubers and leaves is used in curing ailments like dysentery, chronic diarrhea, etc.
• It is also useful in treating general debility, emaciation, seminal weakness, neurasthenia, and cerebro-pathy.
• Decoction of the tubers is helpful to relieve colic pain and fever, besides for speckling over cuts, burns, and wounds to stop bleeding.
• The plant is used to cure ailments such as chronic diarrhea, fractured bones, seminal debility, erectile dysfunction, gout, Parkinson’s disease, tuberculosis,  and stomachache.
• Root paste is commonly used in promoting the growth and blackness of hair.
• It is effectively used in the treatment of women after childbirth via enhancing the level of regenerative fluids.

Ayurvedic Health benefits

Libido Loss Male: Take 5 tablespoons Withania Somnifera, 5 tablespoons Asparagus Racemosus, 1.5 tablespoons Dodder, 2 pinches Saffron, 1 tablespoon Anacyclus Pyrethrum, 1 tablespoon Nutmeg, and 1/2 tablespoon Marsh Orchid.  Grind all ingredients together. Have half a teaspoon with milk daily.

Other Facts

• It costs around NRs. 10,000-15,000 per kilo as of late 2015.
• Tubers of D. hatagirea show wide utilization in silk industries for sizing material.
• Plants are grown in gardens for decorative purposes.
• The aesthetically appealing appearance of the flowers makes them suitable for ornamental purposes (placed in flower vases, twisted within hair ponies, making bracelets and necklaces).
• Grounded stem and leaves are used as an insect repellants.
• The leaves and stem of the plant are used as fodder for livestock.
• Katagiri helps in improving the flavor and taste, color and appearance, body and texture, and melting quality of frozen milk products.
• Young leaves and shoots are also used as vegetables.
• Extract of the flowers is used in perfume industries to increase fragrance.
• Tubers of the plants are used for witchcraft.

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