Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an aromatic herb in the Apiaceae family of plants, that is extensively used around the world. Its leaves, stems, and seeds have a recognizable and pungent aroma and are commonly used raw or dried in cooking. Some people may not be comfortable with eating cilantro leaves and find that it tastes like soap. The leaves and stalks are commonly known as ‘dhania in the Indian subcontinent, and cilantro or Chinese parsley in America and some parts of Europe. Coriander seeds, on the other hand, are small, round brown seeds of the plant that are ground into a powder and used to spice curries and sauces. The whole seeds can also be roasted, pounded, and included in meat rubs and marinades. [1] [2] [3]
To know more about the difference between coriander and cilantro, you can read our article on Coriander Vs Cilantro. In this article, we discuss the health benefits of the leaves, stems, and seeds of the coriander plant.
| Coriander Quick Facts | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Coriander |
| Scientific Name: | Coriandrum sativum |
| Origin | Southwestern Asia and northern Africa |
| Colors | White or pink flowers; Across: 1.6 in. (4 cm) |
| Shapes | Round, globular or ovate; Diameter: 6 mm; Length: 1/4 inch |
| Calories | 5 Kcal./cup |
| Major nutrients | Vitamin K (51.67%) Vitamin A (9.57%) Vitamin C (6.00%) Copper (5.00%) Iron (4.38%) |
| Health benefits | Reduce inflammation, Skin ailments, Reduce cholesterol, Aid digestion, Reduce blood pressure |
Coriander or Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) is a species of Coriandrum sativum L. in the family Apiaceae, native to the Southwestern Asia and Northern Africa which is widely cultivated as a spice and herb.
Coriander – Coriandrum sativum facts
Coriander is an annual herb that is used mostly for seasoning dishes. The seeds, roots, and leaves possess distinct flavors. Coriander leaves are also called cilantro have a bright and citrus-like flavor. Coriander leaves are added to the cuisines from Latin American to Asian. Coriander is known for its antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-diabetic, antianxiety, and antimicrobial activity. It provides hormone balancing and analgesic effects.
| Name | Coriander |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Coriandrum sativum |
| Native | Southwestern Asia and northern Africa |
| Common/English Name | Cilantro, Chinese Cilantro, Coriander, Chinese Parsley |
| Name in Other Languages | Arab:- kuzbara Armenian:- chamem Chinese:- yuan sui Czech:- koriandr Danish:- koriander Dutch:- koriander English:- coriander Ethiopian:- dembilal French:- coriandre Georgian:- kinza German:- Koriander Greek:- koriannon Hindi:- dhania Malay:- ketumbar Sanskrit:- dhanayaka Serbokroatian:- korijander Spanish:- coriandro Swiss:- Chrapfechörnli Turkish:- kisnis |
| Plant Growth Habit | Annual, short, fast-growing, herbaceous |
| Growing Climate | Dry climate |
| Soil | Well-drained soil |
| Plant Size | 1-3 feet |
| Lifespan | One year |
| Root | Broad global roots |
| Stem | Erect, sympodial, monochasial-branched; Green; Diameter: 2 cm; Height:75 cm |
| Leaf shape and size | Upper leaves: feathery; Lower leaves: roundish and lobed |
| Leaf color | Green or light green |
| Leaf flavor/aroma | Strong, sage citrus flavor |
| Leaf taste | Grassy, lemony |
| Flowering Season | Late summer |
| Flower | White or pink flowers; Across: 1.6 in. (4 cm) |
| Seed shape & size | Round, globular or ovate; Diameter: 6 mm; Length: 1/4 inch |
| Seed color | Brown |
| Seed Flavor/aroma | Sweet, nutty, warm and orange |
| Varieties/Types |
|
| Major Nutritions (Leaves) | Vitamin K (phylloquinone) 62 µg (51.67%) Vitamin A, RAE 67 µg (9.57%) Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) 5.4 mg (6.00%) Copper, Cu 0.045 mg (5.00%) Iron, Fe 0.35 mg (4.38%) Manganese, Mn 0.085 mg (3.70%) Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 0.5 mg (3.33%) Vitamin B9 (Folate) 12 µg (3.00%) Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 0.032 mg (2.46%) Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) 0.03 mg (2.31%) |
| Health Benefits |
|
| Calories in 9 sprigs (20 gm) Leaves | 5 Kcal. |
Coriander Scientific Classification
Scientific Name: Coriandrum sativum
| Rank | Scientific Name & (Common Name) |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae (Plants) |
| Subkingdom | Tracheobionta (Vascular plants) |
| Superdivision | Spermatophyta (Seed plants) |
| Division | Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants) |
| Class | Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) |
| Subclass | Rosidae |
| Order | Apiales |
| Family | Apiaceae/Umbelliferae (Carrot family) |
| Genus | Coriandrum L. (Coriander) |
| Species | Coriandrum sativum L. (Coriander) |
| Synonyms |
|
Coriander is widely used in Mexican, Indian, European, and Middle Eastern dishes. Two cultivars of Coriander exists: Moroccan and Indian. Common names for this herb include Cilantro, Chinese Cilantro, Coriander, and Chinese parsley.
History
Coriander has been recognized for more than 3000 years in southern Europe and for 5000 years in Asia. It was cultivated for medicinal and culinary purposes by ancient Romans and Egyptians. The cultivation of coriander started about 2000 years BC. It was originated from South Europe, West Asia, and North Africa. According to the evidence, Coriander is one of the ancient herbs.
Plant
Coriander is an annual, short, fast-growing, and herbaceous plant that prefers dry climates and thrives in well-drained soils. The plant grows up to 1-3 feet high. The upper leaves of the plant are feathery whereas the lower leaves are roundish and lobed. The leaves are green or light green in color. The flowers are white or pink and 1.6 in. (4 cm) across. The stem is green, erect, sympodial; monochasial-branched which grows up to the height of 75 cm having 2 cm as a diameter. The plant blooms during late summer.
Seed
The plant yields a seed as a fruit. The brownish seeds are round, globular, or ovate in shape, 1/4 inch long and 6 mm as a diameter. The seeds possess sweet, nutty, warm, and orange flavors.
Nutritional value of Coriander leaf
Calories 5 Kcal.Calories from Fat 0.81 Kcal.
| Proximity | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Water | 0.13 g | N/D |
| Energy | 5 Kcal | N/D |
| Energy | 21 kJ | N/D |
| Protein | 0.39 g | 0.78% |
| Total Fat (lipid) | 0.09 g | 0.26% |
| Ash | 0.25 g | N/D |
| Carbohydrate | 0.94 g | 0.72% |
| Total dietary Fiber | 0.2 g | 0.53% |
| Total Sugars | 0.13 g | N/D |
| Minerals | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium, Ca | 22 mg | 2.20% |
| Iron, Fe | 0.76 mg | 9.50% |
| Magnesium, Mg | 12 mg | 2.86% |
| Phosphorus, P | 9 mg | 1.29% |
| Potassium, K | 80 mg | 1.70% |
| Sodium, Na | 4 mg | 0.27% |
| Zinc, Zn | 0.08 mg | 0.73% |
| Copper, Cu | 0.032 mg | 3.56% |
| Manganese, Mn | 0.114 mg | 4.96% |
| Selenium, Se | 0.5 µg | 0.91% |
| Vitamins | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Water-soluble Vitamins | ||
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) | 0.023 mg | 1.92% |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | 0.027 mg | 2.08% |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | 0.193 mg | 1.21% |
| Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) | 0.011 mg | 0.85% |
| Vitamin B9 (Folate) | 5 µg | 1.25% |
| Folate, food | 5 µg | N/D |
| Folate, DEF | 5 µg | N/D |
| Choline | 1.7 mg | 0.31% |
| Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) | 10.2 mg | 11.33% |
| Fat-soluble Vitamins (Retinoids and Carotenoids) | ||
| Vitamin A, RAE | 5 µg | 0.71% |
| Vitamin A, IU | 105 IU | N/D |
| Beta Carotene | 61 µg | N/D |
| Alpha Carotene | 1 µg | N/D |
| Beta Cryptoxanthin | 3 µg | N/D |
| Lutein + zeaxanthin | 44 µg | N/D |
| Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) | 0.02 mg | 0.13% |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | 24.5 µg | 20.42% |
| Lipids | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Fatty acids, total saturated | 0.002 g | N/D |
| Palmitic acid 16:00 (Hexadecanoic acid) | 0.002 g | N/D |
| Fatty acids, total monounsaturated | 0.04 g | N/D |
| Oleic acid 18:1 (octadecenoic acid) | 0.04 g | N/D |
| Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated | 0.006 g | N/D |
| Linoleic acid 18:2 (octadecadienoic acid) | 0.006 g | N/D |
*Above mentioned Percent Daily Values (%DVs) are based on 2,000 calorie diet intake. Daily values (DVs) may be different depending upon your daily calorie needs. Mentioned values are recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They are not rxharun.com recommendations. Calculations are based on average age of 19 to 50 years and weigh 194 lbs.
Health Benefits of Coriander
Coriander provides various health benefits aside from being used as a spice. Coriander has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties which help to promote health. It is an excellent source of protein, Vitamin K, and C. It provides relief from indigestion, skin inflammation, diarrhea, high cholesterol levels, etc.
- Reduce inflammation
Coriander possesses antiarthritic and antirheumatic properties which lessen the swelling caused by anemia or kidney malfunction. It promotes urination which helps to eliminate the excess water from the body. It also helps to improve the appearance of skin and also reduces discomfort. (1)
- Skin ailments
The presence of detoxifying, disinfectant, antifungal, antiseptic, and antioxidant properties in coriander helps to cure the skin ailments such as dryness, eczema, and fungal infections. (2)
- Reduce cholesterol
The Coriander possesses oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and ascorbic acid which help to lower the level of cholesterol effectively. It also lowers the bad cholesterol level in the inner walls of veins and arteries that are the cause of heart attacks, atherosclerosis, and strokes. It prevents various health ailments. (3)
- Aid digestion
Borneol and Linalool are found in Coriander which helps to enhance digestion, liver function, and bowel movements that helps to reduce diarrhea. The fungal and microbial action of Coriander helps to treat diarrhea. The components such as Alpha-pinene, Limonene, Borneol, Cineole, and beta-phellandrene provide antibacterial effects.
Coriander also prevents vomiting, nausea, and stomach disorders. It is a power-packed plant that has bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the leaves of Coriander serve as excellent appetizers. (4) (5)
- Reduce blood pressure
The daily intake of Coriander by hypertension patients helps to reduce the blood pressure effectively. The interaction of Cholinergic and Calcium ions helps to ease the tension of blood vessels and also lowers the risk of cardiovascular conditions such as strokes and heart attacks. (6)
- Heals mouth ulcers
The component known as Citronellol found in Coriander serves as an antiseptic. It also provides the healing and antimicrobial effects that prevent from worsening of the condition of ulcers and wounds in the mouth. It also speeds up the healing process along with freshening breath. The chewing of Coriander seeds helps to reduce bad breath. (7)
- Prevents anemia
Coriander contains a good amount of iron which is helpful for anemia patients. The deficiency of iron in the blood leads to heart palpitations, shortness of breath, low cognitive function, and extreme fatigue. Iron assists in the proper functioning of the organs in the body, enhance bone health, and increase energy. (8)
- Anti-allergic activity
An anti-histamine property in Coriander helps to lower the uncomfortable condition caused by hay fever and seasonal allergies. The application of Coriander oil can lower allergic reactions on the skin. It can eliminate hives, anaphylaxis, and swelling of the glands and throat. (9)
- Protects salmonella
Salmonella is an illness caused by food. Coriander is high in duodenal which is powerful than an antibiotic. The addition of Coriander to the diet helps to prevent the uncomfortable body caused by this bacteria. (10)
- Healthy bones
Coriander is rich in Calcium which helps to enhance bone health. Minerals such as calcium and others help in the durability, regrowth of bones. It also prevents the degradation of bones related to diseases such as osteoporosis. Coriander should be added to the diet in order to have healthy and strong bones. The Coriander leaves possess calcium. (11)
- Assist digestion
Coriander assists in the secretion of digestive juices and enzymes in the stomach by promoting peristaltic motion and digestion. It also treats anorexia which is an eating disorder. The studies have shown that the daily intake of Coriander helps to reduce dyspepsia. The addition of coriander to the diet also prevents the development of abdominal colic. (12)
- Prevents smallpox
Coriander is rich in antimicrobial, anti-infectious, antioxidant, and detoxifying components. It also contains iron and Vitamin C which help to enhance the immune system. These properties in Coriander prevent and treat smallpox. It reduces the pain along with providing a calming effect on smallpox patients. The studies show that the high amount of Vitamin C cures smallpox effectively in various cases.
- Regulates menstrual cycle
As Coriander is a natural stimulant, it regulates the menstrual cycles by reducing the pain related to the woman’s period. It assists in the proper secretion from endocrine glands.
- Vision health
Coriander possesses antioxidants, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, and phosphorus which help to prevent the eye ailments such as macular degeneration and conjunctivitis. It also lowers the stress and strain on the eyes. The leaves contain beta-carotene that forbids eye disease and also reverses the vision degradation effects in aging patients.
- Diabetes
Coriander provides a stimulating effect on endocrine glands that assist to increase insulin secretion from the pancreas which also increases the blood insulin level. It regulates the sugar absorption and assimilation that results in the drop of sugar levels in the blood. The Coriander helps to reduce the risk of harmful spikes, drop in blood sugar levels and also promote metabolic functions. (13)
45 Scientific Health Benefits of Coriander Seeds
Well, asides from being a famous spice, coriander is also well known as an herbal plant which so many health benefits. Below is the list of health benefits of coriander seeds that some of them you probably never heard before but you have been enjoying its benefit every day.
- Coriander as Antirheumatic
Cineole and linoleic acids are two essential components found in coriander seeds that could act effectively as antirheumatic.
- Contains Antiarthritic Properties
The same components as mentioned above, cineole and linoleic acids are responsible to treat the arthritic condition because they could work as antiarthritic as well as anti-inflammation.
- Helps Inducing Urination
Some compounds found in coriander seeds could act as anti-inflammation and reduce the swelling of kidney malfunction. It is essential to help inducing urination to help release excess water in the body.
- Treats Skin Inflammation
Untreated skin inflammation could lead to more serious problems but cineole and linoleic acids are the best solutions you could get from coriander seeds to deal with the condition.
- Improves Skin Appearance
Well, when there is no more skin inflammation issue, your skin appearance will be improved significantly. In other words, coriander seeds are the natural solution you need to make your skin look more radiant, healthier, and probably younger.
- Relieve Itchy Skin Immediately
There are a lot of things that could cause itchy skin. However, before you could find the root of the problem, perhaps using coriander seeds to relieve the itchy will help you find the solution in a much easier way.
- Natural Solution to Pimples
Pimples could be really annoying especially when you should be in your best appearance. Though there are a lot of products you could use to treat pimples but nothing could compare to the natural way and just mixing ground coriander seeds, honey and a pinch of turmeric could reduce your pimples naturally and effectively.
- Natural Treatment for Eczema
Eczema is probably one of the most annoying skin conditions. It is not easy to treat and make you feel so uncomfortable. However, now you don’t need to worry anymore because surprisingly, coriander seeds are effective to treat eczema in the most natural way you could think of, it is because coriander seeds contained antifungal properties that could fight eczema.
- Treats Dried Skin Effectively
Coriander seeds are also containing detoxifying properties that could help you treat dryness. There are a lot of factors that could cause dried skin and coriander seeds could eliminate those factors by providing solutions from inside your body as well as from the outside.
- Promotes Healthy Hair Growth
Bad hair growth is caused by unhealthy scalp conditions. So, what you need to do first is stimulate your hair growth by treating your scalp in the right way. Just add ground coriander seeds to your hair oil product and use them to massage your scalp to stimulate healthy hair growth.
- Reduces Cholesterol Level
Vitamin C and some acids found in coriander seeds like linolic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid are the reasons why coriander seeds are effective in reducing cholesterol levels. Furthermore, at the same time, it is also reducing the production of ‘bad cholesterol and increasing the production of ‘good cholesterol.
- Prevent Heart Attack and Stroke
The low level of cholesterol will reduce the risk of the accumulation of unnecessary blot clots in the artery caused by ‘bad’ cholesterol. It means, this condition will prevent heart attack and stroke because there will be no disturbance in the artery that could cause those two fatal conditions.
- Aids Digestive Track to Function Optimally
Do you think only fiber could aid the digestive tract to function optimally? Well, coriander seeds contain some essential oils like Linalool and Borneol that also could promote a healthy track inside the digestive system.
- Improves Liver Function
When the digestive system is functioning normally and optimally, this condition is able to improve liver function as well because when a bowel movement is on the right track, there is no pressure for the liver to work too hard and it could function properly.
- Treats Diarrhea
The main factor that could cause a condition like diarrhea is an infection of bacteria and coriander seeds contain several antifungal and antimicrobial properties that are not only effective to treat diarrhea but also kill all the bacteria that infected the intestine completely.
- Prevents Nausea and Vomiting
Vomiting and nausea are only some symptoms that will appear when your stomach is not in the right condition. Well, it is probably not going to kill you but the feeling is totally unpleasant and sometimes you lose your energy to meet your doctor. That’s why what you need is only a home remedy solution in the form of coriander seeds.
- The solution to Stomach Disorder
Stomach disorder is not something you could take for granted because though mostly it is just a condition that will get better in no time but sometimes stomach disorder is caused by more dangerous bacteria, that’s why it is better to treat it immediately before it is too late.
- Reduces Blood Pressure
It is no secret anymore that anything rich in minerals especially potassium is great to help in reducing blood pressure. Sodium is the reason behind this case and potassium is like the natural enemy of sodium and helps you control your blood pressure effectively.
- Prevent Hypertension
What you eat is what you get, however, sometimes it is so difficult to control the side effects from what you have been eaten. To prevent hypertension caused by what you eat is better for you to add coriander seeds to your daily diet to make sure the worst effects will not cause any harm.
- Helps in Regulating Heart Rate
When you are suffering abnormal heart rate, there is only one possibility that happening; is your heart is forced to work too hard. Adding coriander seeds to your diet will help in regulating your heart rate as well as promoting heart health.
- Natural Solution to Mouth Ulcers
Coriander seeds are also containing an essential oil that could act as an antiseptic that could cure mouth ulcers naturally. The compound is well known as citronellol and found in relatively significant amounts in coriander seeds that making this spice is an effective antiseptic.
- Breath Freshener
Got a problem with bad breath? Well, you could say goodbye to that condition for good because what you need to deal with the condition is only coriander seeds that will kill all the bacteria in your oral organ that could cause the bad breath.
- Solution to Anemia
Anemia occurs when a person is suffering from iron deficiency. It is common knowledge that iron is essential to prevent anemia and coriander seeds are rich in iron and also other minerals that will assist in promoting the production of red blood cells to oxygenate your cell’s body and fight anemia efficiently.
- Promotes Healthy Bones
All foods that are rich in minerals and calcium are good for bones and coriander seeds are no exception. Furthermore, the relatively high amount of iron found in coriander seeds is also having a prominent role in keeping healthy bone.
- Acts as Energy Booster
Do you have a problem with your stock of energy in the morning? Well, perhaps it is time to add coriander seeds to spice up your breakfast because as rich in iron, coriander seeds are the perfect energy booster that will energize your day.
- Good for Seasonal Allergic
Some people don’t realize how dangerous allergic reactions could be. There are a lot of types of allergic caused by many factors, the problem is most people don’t know what they are actually allergic to. Coriander seeds are effective to deal with the symptoms though it is still important for you to meet your doctor to deal with the condition throughout.
- Protection from Salmonella
Do you know that salmonella is not only just any bacteria that could infect your intestine but without proper treatment, these bacteria could be fatal? Well, though meeting a professional to deal with these bacteria is still important but for first aid, you could use coriander seeds.
- Prevent Food Poisoning
One of the main factors that could cause food poisoning is bacteria. That’s why sometimes it is better to consume cooked food instead of raw. However, now you could deal with the problem much easier just by adding grinded coriander seeds or coriander fresh leaves to your salad, you could prevent food poisoning in a much delicious way.
- Prevent Bone Degeneration
Don’t wait until you reach senior age to consume calcium because there must be a time when your body is no longer able to absorb the calcium you consume. Instead, it will only take the stock of calcium from your bone. Bone degeneration cannot be avoided but it could be slowed down by making, sure enough, stock of calcium in your bones.
- Prevent Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis could be suffered by anyone but if you don’t want to be one of them, perhaps starting adding coriander seeds to your daily diet could prevent osteoporosis completely because coriander seeds are so rich in calcium and other minerals too.
- Helpful for Anorexia Patients
Anorexia is a condition well known when someone is suffering from an eating disorder. Coriander seeds will not treat this condition but could be helpful in reducing the symptoms caused by this condition.
- Immunity Booster
What do you need to boost your immunity? Well, to boost your immunity, what you need is just some coriander seeds in your daily diet because coriander seeds are rich of antioxidants that will provide one more layer of protection to your immunity system.
- Cures Smallpox
The combinations of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-infectious properties are the reasons why coriander seeds are effective to cure smallpox. Furthermore, vitamin C will assist in strengthening your immune system.
- Regulates Menstrual Cycles
There are a lot of women out there who don’t really care when they suffer irregular menstruation cycles. Well, those women just don’t realize that this condition could lead to more serious diseases. Coriander seeds are effective in regulating menstrual cycles to a normal pace.
- Reduces the Symptoms during PMS
All women must have known that sometimes stomach cramp is not something they could deal with easily. This condition could ruin their day, their schedule, their mood, and the mood of everyone around them. However, now you could deal with it just by adding coriander seeds to your diet during your PMS period.
- Reduces the Risk of Macular Degeneration in Senior People
Macular degeneration is probably really common to happen in senior people but if this is not treated properly, the effect could be fatal. Though it is so impossible to be stopped completely it is so possible to be slowed down. What you need is to consume food rich in minerals and antioxidants to slow down the cells degenerations and coriander seeds contain those properties in proper amount.
- Promotes Eye Health
What you need to promote eye health is a food rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin A and other types of minerals. Actually, coriander seeds are so packed with those properties.
- Treats Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is one of the eye conditions that look harmful in the early state but if it is not treated properly could lead to a more serious problem. Coriander seeds have microbial properties that will protect the eyes from conjunctivitis. That’s one of the lists of health benefits of coriander seeds
- Controls Blood Sugar Level
The spice of blood sugar level occurs when there is not enough insulin to turn glucose in the bloodstream into energy. However, coriander seeds that promote optimal function of the pancreas will make sure the production of insulin is under-checked.
- Increases Insulin Released from Pancreas
The proper function of the pancreas is closely related to body metabolism. Coriander seeds contain some properties that will improve your metabolic system works in proper functions.
- Cures Cold and Flu
Why coriander seeds are effective to cure a cold and flu? The answer is quite simple because coriander seeds contain a high amount of antioxidants and Vitamin C.
- Promotes the Production of Red Blood Cells
coriander seeds benefit as rich in iron, coriander seeds could help promote the production of red blood cells. Red blood cells will make sure the distribution of oxygen and nutrients to your body, so metabolism could function optimally.
- Natural Enemy of Free Radicals
Free radicals are probably the most harmful compound for your body. It is the main reason behind cancer cases but as rich in antioxidants, coriander seeds are like the natural enemy of free radicals.
- Protects Nervous System
The anti-inflammatory properties contained in coriander seeds could provide protection to your nervous system as well.
- Reduces the Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Once your nervous system is fully protected, it is able to reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases to occur, especially in senior people.
Health Benefits Of Cilantro Or Coriander Leaves
1. Reduces Oxidative Stress
In the course of daily metabolic processes as well as upon exposure to external toxins, our body produces reactive molecules called free radicals. These damage cells and trigger chronic inflammation. When the body’s antioxidants, which are part of the immune system, cannot cope with the damage, it leads to oxidative stress. In the long term, oxidative stress leads to premature aging as well as chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and even cancer. This is where an antioxidant-rich diet plays a part in helping you recover.
Cilantro has potent antioxidants like quercetin, kaempferol, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and vitamin C that give it a moderately high ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value of 5141 μ mol TE/100g.2 The ORAC value measures the antioxidative capacity of a whole food by testing how many oxygen radicals (a type of free radicals) it can mop up. While berries are known to be potent antioxidants, cilantro turns out to be even better than red raspberries in terms of the ORAC value.
An in vitro study on human skin cells under oxidative stress found that a standardized extract of cilantro leaves could lower rates of oxidation. The leaf extract increased the levels of glutathione, a natural antioxidant in the body, and enhanced the activity of enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase which break down toxic byproducts into harmless chemicals. It also increased the activity of an antioxidant protein.
2. Can Reduce Inflammation
Coriander seeds have been found to reduce swelling and inflammation in patients of rheumatoid arthritis, albeit at a high dose, but can cilantro?4 Possibly yes. Though cilantro has a much lower quantity of the sterols beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol that give the seeds their anti-inflammatory property, it does have polyphenols like quercetin and kaempferol which are known to have anti-inflammatory benefits.5 6 This is probably why it has been used as part of an anti-inflammatory diet for patients of IBD (inflammatory bowel disorder) as well, besides the fact that it aids digestion.7
3. Can Manage Diabetes
In Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Morocco, coriander seed infusion is used as a remedy for diabetes.8 Cilantro leaves too may help in improving multiple aspects of diabetes. In a study on diabetic rats, cilantro leaf extract reduced the blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and increased the HDL cholesterol levels. Usually, diabetic patients also have both lipid imbalance and oxidative stress, which increase the risk of damage to vital organs like the heart, liver, and kidneys. Cilantro could counter oxidative stress as well.9 The blood-glucose-lowering effects, however, were found to be significant only in diabetic rats. So for non-diabetics, consumption of cilantro in dietary amounts should not be of concern.10
4. Can Protect The Liver
Any natural herb that helps balance lipid levels must also have a beneficial effect on the liver. Since the liver is directly involved in lipid metabolism, an imbalance indicates poor liver function. This can happen when in the process of transforming food into non-toxic byproducts, the liver itself undergoes oxidative damage. This is where cilantro can help.
In the aforementioned study on diabetic rats, cilantro reduced oxidation by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver and countered damage. In another animal study, cilantro prevented cell damage in the liver caused by a toxin and improved liver function.11 12 Many chemicals we are exposed to, through pollution, as an occupational hazard, or through medicines, have a similar deleterious effect on the liver. The liver in turn functions poorly, leading to a whole host of metabolic problems.
Adding an extra sprig of cilantro to your salad or salsa and combining it with other liver-cleansing foods can certainly go a long way in keeping your body toxin-free. You may even want to try a cilantro juice or smoothie.
5. Can Protect The Heart
Several animal studies have established the beneficial effects of coriander fruit and seed extract on the heart. In one study, the seed extract prevented heart attack by scavenging free radicals, while in another the fruit extract could lower blood pressure by increasing urine output as well as by dilating blood vessels.13 14
Coriander can regulate blood pressure by inducing contractions (in a mechanism involving the neurotransmitter acetylcholine) and relaxing blood vessels (by blocking calcium from entering the heart and blood vessel cells).15 Further research is required to see if cilantro has a similar function.
While no study has yet tested the effect of cilantro on the heart, we know that due to higher phenolic content, the leaves have a higher antioxidative capacity than the seed.16 The same polyphenols that make cilantro good for the liver can also make it good for the heart. Individually, these have been seen to lower blood pressure and prevent atherosclerosis by balancing lipid levels and fighting free radicals.17 18 The other way in which cilantro controls blood pressure is by increasing urine output.19
6. May Improve Digestion And Relieve Flatulence
Ayurveda recommends using coriander (dhanyaka) to resolve pitta-type digestive disorders since it stimulates the agni (digestive fire) but does not increase acidity. In smaller amounts, it is useful for kapha and vata types as well.20
The traditional use of coriander as a carminative – a substance that can expel gas and relieve flatulence – is well known and justified. In animal studies, the seed extract stimulated the secretion of gastric acids, increased contractions, possibly by supporting the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and helped food pass faster through the gastrointestinal tract. This makes coriander an effective remedy for digestive disorders caused by a delay in the passage of food in the gastrointestinal tract – such as flatulence, indigestion, vomiting, and anorexia.21
Usage in traditional diets and home remedies indicates that cilantro too could have similar benefits. In India, finely chopped cilantro or a spoon of the juice of the leaves is added to buttermilk to serve as a digestive aid after a heavy meal.
Coriander seed extract also helps alleviate diarrhea and abdominal spasms. It behaves in the same way as standard drugs for conditions like diarrhea and abdominal spasms, that is by blocking calcium channels that induce smooth muscle contractions in the gut.22 But whether cilantro could help similarly is not yet known.
7. Prevents Microbial Infections And Food Poisoning
A recent study has found that essential oil extracted from the stem of cilantro can kill the larvae of Aedes aegypti, a mosquito that can transmit dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever.23
Though you may be skeptical about adding cilantro to your diarrhea diet, trust its antimicrobial benefits to prevent food poisoning. The essential oil extracted from the leaves has been found to have a potent effect against Listeria monocytogenes, a pathogenic foodborne bacteria that causes a severe infection called listeriosis. The long-chain alcohols and aldehydes in cilantro essential oil were found to be more beneficial than the seed essential oil.24 Cilantro can also protect you from Salmonella enterica, thanks to an antibacterial aldehyde known as dodecanal, as well as a number of other pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, and Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans that causes opportunistic infections.25 26
But be careful when using fresh cilantro. The FDA has found that imported cilantro may itself contain several strains of bacteria and rinsing the leaves cannot ensure complete removal. So look for homegrown or local produce.
8. May Treat Urinary Tract Infections
Some claim that cilantro can ease menstrual pain and increase breastmilk production, but there’s no evidence to back these claims.
In Palestine, the fruits of coriander are used in folk medicine to treat urinary infections, probably due to their antimicrobial and diuretic properties. However, evidence is limited. A 2014 lab study found that a methanolic extract of the seeds is effective against a number of UTI-causing drug-resistant pathogens, but only further research can tell us if cilantro leaves too could have a similar effect inside the body.27
9. May Remove Heavy Metals From The Body
Cilantro may be capable of removing heavy metals from the body and mitigating the damage caused by them. Exposure to pollutants and certain medicines causes heavy metals like lead, arsenic, aluminum, mercury, and cadmium to be deposited in the body. These can damage a number of organs by increasing oxidative stress, and may even be utilized by microbes to render antibiotics ineffective. A study found that lead and mercury deposits in the body were responsible for frequent relapses of Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex 1 and 2 infections in patients despite several antibiotic courses. Quite accidentally, it was then found that cilantro leaves could speed up the excretion of these heavy metals and improve the effectiveness of antibiotics.28 The researchers concluded that cilantro helps remove heavy metals from the body. But promising as this theory may be, follow-up studies are required to firm it up. Meanwhile, some recommend taking it in a drop by drop dose, together with chlorella.29
That said, there’s evidence that coriander can fight against the oxidative damage caused by heavy metals. In a study on mice exposed to lead, a coriander extract prevented oxidative stress to a large extent.30 It can also protect the liver from lead toxicity.
10. Protects The Eye
Thanks to a very high amount of vitamin A, cilantro can keep your eyes healthy well into old age and ward off night blindness. What’s better is that the vitamin comes from carotenoids, a group of antioxidants that can reduce inflammation, and even a very high amount does not cause vitamin A toxicity. Cilantro also has a good amount of vitamin C, which reduces the risk of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration.31
11. Can Treat Allergies, Rashes, Wounds
Ayurvedic practitioners recommend using cilantro juice or pulp to treat allergic reactions like insect bites, skin rashes, itching, and inflammation. Blend 1 cup of cilantro leaves with 1/3 cup of water. Strain the juice and apply the pulp directly on the bite twice a day. Drink 2 tablespoons of the juice thrice a day. The pulp may also be used on a burn wound.32 Cilantro is also thought to be effective for hay fever and allergic rhinitis for people with pitta dosha.33
12. Improves Memory And May Prevent Alzheimer’s
Recent research has found that cilantro could improve your memory and help keep neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s at bay. In a study, both young and old rats were given a specially prepared diet, with cilantro making up 5%, 10%, and 15% of the diet. The animals showed an improvement in memory in a dose-dependent manner. And even when they were given an amnesia-inducing drug, cilantro could reverse the memory deficits.
The researchers found that it protects memory by reducing cholesterol in the brain and blocking the function of an enzyme called cholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine. Since Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the deficiency of acetylcholine, the researchers felt that cilantro could act as a preventive.34 However, the amount you might need to consume for this benefit might be lot more than normal dietary amounts. But you could always combine it with other brain-enhancing herbs and foods.
13. Has Anti-Cancer Activity
In lab studies, cilantro has shown anti-cancer properties. Cilantro juice reduced the mutagenicity of a number of carcinogenic aromatic amines by up to 92.43%, thanks to chlorophyll.35 To explain in lay terms, aromatic amines or heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are toxic chemicals produced when muscle meat (poultry, beef, pork, or fish) is grilled, charred. These are mutagenic in nature, that is these have the ability to trigger changes in the DNA and cause cancer. Further in vivo studies will give us a clearer idea on the mechanism and the amount to be consumed. But till then, pairing grilled meat with cilantro sauce could be a welcome move.
Lab studies have also shown that coriander seeds and root (in different extracts) show anticancer activity against oral cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer. Coriander functions in a number of ways like preventing DNA damage and cancer cell migration and inducing cell death.36 37 38 However, whether intake of cilantro in dietary amounts can prevent or treat cancer can only be understood after large-scale clinical trials.
15 Health benefits of Coriander Herb Juice:
Now, we will move to our prime topic which is ‘Health benefits’. Many of us are unaware that this small herb can be highly beneficial in many ailments even. Coriander is anti-inflammatory, styptic, anthelmintic, and digestive in nature.
1. As a coolant
To quench thirst or to prevent dehydration:
- Soak aniseed, coriander seeds and poppy seeds overnight.
- In the morning, grind the seeds in the same water.
- Strain it well. Have this water, it is a super coolant drink for the body.
- Posted coriander seeds taken with water and honey helps to quench long-standing thirst.
2. For Jaundice
- Add 2 teaspoons of white cumin seeds and 1 teaspoon of coriander seeds to a liter of water.
- Leave this mixture overnight.
- On the next day, take a glass of this infusion twice to thrice a day.
- You can also add some palm candy as a natural sweetener.
- Repeat this for a couple of weeks.
3. For Eye problems
- Grind 20 gm coriander and boil it in one glass of water.
- Strain the solution through a fine cloth.
- Put 1-1 drop in both the eyes.
- It cures conjunctivitis, redness of eyes, watery eyes, and pain in the eyes.
- Put 1-2 drops of juice in the eyes. It prevents boiling in the eyes.
- Take and grind equal quantities of coriander and barley seeds.
- Prepare a poultice of the paste and apply on the eyes.
- It cures swelling of the eyes.
4. Benefits of Coriander Herb For Fever
- Take 10 gm each of coriander and rice.
- Soak them in water overnight.
- The next morning, prepare a decoction of this mixture and give 30 ml of decoction to the patient twice a day.
- It cures all kinds of fever.
5. For Arthritis
- Give 6 gm powder with 10 gm sugar; twice a day.
- It helps to cure both joint pain and arthritis.
6. Benefits of Coriander Herb For Piles
- Boil 10-20 gm of coriander seeds in a glass of water and 10 gm sugar candy.
- Give this to the patient.
- It stops bleeding from boils.
- Take equal quantities of Harad and coriander.
- Boil them in 4 times water; till it is reduced to 1/4th.
- Mix jaggery in it and give to the patient.
- It cures all kinds of piles.
7. For Stomach disorders
- In case of stomach heat, give 2 gm powder with 5 gm sugar; 2-3 times a day.
- In case of stomach worms, give 1 gm powder with 20 ml wine.
- It kills stomach worms.
- For stomach indigestion, give 10-15 ml of coriander oil. It gives immediate relief.
8 . For Halitosis
In case of foul smell from the mouth:
- Chew 5-10 leaves every day.
- It acts as a natural mouth freshener and cures Halitosis.
9. For Headache
- Soak equal quantities of coriander and Indian Gooseberry overnight.
- The next morning, grind them and strain the solution.
- Give this with sugar mixed in it.
- It cures headaches due to tension and heat.
10. For Paediatric cough
- Grind 10-20 gm coriander in the rice water and sugar in it.
- Give this to the child thrice a day.
- It cures cough and is also beneficial for Asthma in children.
11. For Metorrhagia
- Give 10-20 gm of coriander decoction; twice to thrice a day.
- It helps to control the excessive flow of blood during menstruation.
12. For Hair baldness
- Prepare a paste of 100 gm powder with 100 gm vinegar.
- Apply the paste on the bald patches and hairs.
- It is a very useful remedy for baldness.
13. For Weaken Digestion
- Take equal quantities of ginger root, cloves, and coriander.
- Prepare their powder.
- Give 2 gm of this powder with warm water twice a day.
- It strengthens the digestive system and cures the bowel.
14. For Boils and Acne
- Grind 10-20 gm coriander or grind the same amount of its leaves.
- Apply this on the face.
- It cures boils and acne in the face.
15. Benefits of Coriander Herb For Stomatitis
- Soak 5 gm coriander in 100 ml water overnight.
- The next morning, crush and strain the solution.
- Give this to the patient for gargle. It cures boils in the mouth.
How to Eat
- Coriander is used as a curry powder or spice.
- The seeds are used as a spice for pickles, curries, soups, sausages, stews, and ratatouille.
- Chutneys and sauces are prepared from the young plant.
- Coriander is used to add flavor to several alcoholic beverages.
- It is used as an important ingredient for preparing salads, salsas, and burritos in Mexico and the southwestern United States.
Precautions
- Coriander may reduce blood sugar levels and blood pressure.
- Coriander raises drowsiness which is caused by some drugs.
- Coriander increases the sensitivity of the skin to UV rays and sunlight.
- Allergic reactions such as itching, rash, swelling, breathing trouble, and severe dizziness are possible.
- People with bleeding disorders should avoid the use of Coriander because it may increase the chances of bleeding.
- Those who are sensitive to the Apiaceae family should avoid it.
- One should take an advice of a physician before using Coriander with drugs because it might interfere with some drugs.
Traditional uses
- Coriander seeds are believed to support digestion.
- Coriander is also used to treat rheumatism and ulcers.
- In India, the seeds are used as carminative, tonic, diuretic, stomachic, refrigerant, antibilious, and aphrodisiac.
- Coriander is prescribed for digestive problems, pain in the joints, and hemorrhoids.
- The Ayurvedic medicine considers Coriander as tridoshic.
- The diuretic property helps to control mild diabetes.
- The Iranian folk medicine uses Coriander to provide relief from insomnia and anxiety.
Other Facts
- Coriander is used in Mexican, Indian, European, and Middle Eastern dishes.
- Coriander possesses phytochemicals that can delay food spoilage.
- Coriander is used by ancient Greeks as a food and perfume ingredient.
- People only consume seeds and leaves though all parts of coriander could be consumed.
- Leaves are added before serving because heat ruins the flavor of Coriander.
- Some types of rye bread also possess coriander seeds.
- Coriander seeds are available whole or ground.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS & WARNINGS
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking coriander if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
- Allergies. People who are allergic to mugwort, aniseed, caraway, fennel, dill, or similar plants might have allergic reactions to coriander.
- Diabetes. Coriander might lower blood sugar levels. If you have diabetes and take coriander, monitor your blood sugar levels closely.
- Low blood pressure: Coriander might decrease blood pressure. This could cause blood pressure to go too low in people with low blood pressure. Use cautiously if you have low blood pressure or take medications to lower your blood pressure.
- Surgery: Coriander might lower blood sugar. There is some concern that it might interfere with blood sugar control during surgery. Stop using coriander at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.
INTERACTIONS
Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Talk with your health provider.Coriander might lower blood sugar. Diabetes medications are also used to lower blood sugar. Taking coriander in medicinal amounts along with diabetes medications might cause your blood sugar to go too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely. The dose of your diabetes medication might need to be changed.
Some medications used for diabetes include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glipizide (Glucotrol), tolbutamide (Orinase), and others.
Medications for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Talk with your health provider.Coriander might decrease blood pressure. Taking coriander in medicinal amounts along with medications for high blood pressure might cause your blood pressure to go too low.
Some medications for high blood pressure include captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), Amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), furosemide (Lasix), and many others.
Sedative medications (CNS depressants)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination. Talk with your health provider.Coriander might cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Medications that cause sleepiness are called sedatives. Using coriander in medicinal amounts along with sedative medications might cause too much sleepiness.
Some sedative medications include clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), phenobarbital (Donnatal), zolpidem (Ambien), and many others.
DOSING
The appropriate dose of coriander depends on several factors such as the user’s age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for coriander. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
References