Chronic Sleepwalking

Sleepwalking, medically known as somnambulism, is a sleep disorder characterized by walking or performing other complex behaviors while asleep. When this condition becomes chronic, it can significantly impact an individual’s daily life and overall well-being. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of chronic sleepwalking, including its types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments (both non-pharmacological and pharmacological), surgical options, prevention strategies, and guidance on when to seek medical help.

Chronic sleepwalking refers to the persistent occurrence of sleepwalking episodes over an extended period, often disrupting the individual’s sleep patterns and causing distress or impairment in daily functioning.

Types of Sleepwalking:

1. Confusional Arousal: Individuals may appear confused or disoriented during episodes.
2. Nocturnal Eating Syndrome: Sleepwalkers may consume food while asleep.
3. Sleep Terrors: Episodes involve intense fear and screaming, often accompanied by physical activity.
4. Sleep-Related Eating Disorder: Similar to nocturnal eating syndrome but involves compulsive eating rather than simple consumption.

Causes of Chronic Sleepwalking:

1. Genetic Predisposition: Family history can increase the likelihood of sleepwalking.
2. Stress and Anxiety: Emotional factors may trigger episodes, especially in susceptible individuals.
3. Sleep Deprivation: Lack of sufficient sleep or irregular sleep patterns can contribute to sleepwalking.
4. Medications: Certain medications, such as sedatives or stimulants, may increase the risk.
5. Medical Conditions: Conditions like sleep apnea or restless leg syndrome can be associated with sleepwalking.
6. Fever: Elevated body temperature, particularly in children, can trigger episodes.
7. Substance Abuse: Alcohol or drug use, especially before bedtime, can induce sleepwalking.
8. Sleep Disorders: Disorders like insomnia or narcolepsy may coexist with sleepwalking.
9. Environmental Factors: Disruptive sleep environments or excessive noise can trigger episodes.
10. Developmental Factors: Sleepwalking is more common in children and may decrease with age.
11. Heredity: Genetic factors may predispose individuals to sleepwalking.
12. Neurological Conditions: Conditions affecting the brain, such as epilepsy, may be associated with sleepwalking.
13. Psychiatric Disorders: Conditions like anxiety or depression can increase the risk.
14. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those during puberty or pregnancy, may trigger episodes.
15. Sleep Disruptions: Abrupt awakenings or disturbances during sleep can lead to sleepwalking.
16. Irregular Sleep Schedule: Inconsistent sleep routines can disrupt the sleep-wake cycle, increasing susceptibility.
17. Overeating Before Bed: Heavy meals close to bedtime may contribute to sleepwalking.
18. Certain Medications: Some medications, such as sedatives or hypnotics, can induce sleepwalking.
19. Sleep Disorders: Conditions like sleep apnea or REM sleep behavior disorder may coexist with sleepwalking.
20. Stressful Life Events: Traumatic experiences or significant life changes can trigger sleepwalking episodes.

Symptoms of Chronic Sleepwalking:

1. Walking or Performing Complex Tasks While Asleep
2. Limited or No Memory of Episodes
3. Incoherent Speech or Actions
4. Difficulty Waking the Individual
5. Engaging in Inappropriate Behavior
6. Clumsiness or Lack of Coordination
7. Eyes Open but Appear Glassy or Vacant
8. Occasional Vocalizations
9. Confusion Upon Awakening
10. Agitation or Distress During Episodes
11. Increased Heart Rate During Episodes
12. Sweating or Flushed Skin
13. Unresponsiveness to External Stimuli
14. Repetitive Movements
15. Difficulty Returning to Sleep After Episodes
16. Sleep Talking
17. Automatic Behavior
18. Sleepwalking in Familiar Patterns
19. Difficulty Concentrating During the Day
20. Daytime Fatigue or Sleepiness

Diagnostic Tests for Chronic Sleepwalking:

History Taking:

• Patient Interview: Detailed questioning about sleep habits, family history, and recent stressors.
• Sleep Diary: Recording sleep patterns, behaviors, and any potential triggers.
• Family History: Identifying any genetic predispositions or familial patterns of sleepwalking.

Physical Examination:

• Neurological Assessment: Evaluating brain function and assessing for any underlying neurological conditions.
• Evaluation of Medications: Reviewing current medications to identify potential contributors to sleepwalking.
• Assessment of Sleep Environment: Identifying factors that may disrupt sleep, such as noise or uncomfortable bedding.

Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Chronic Sleepwalking:

1. Maintain a Consistent Sleep Schedule: Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day can help regulate the sleep-wake cycle.
2. Create a Relaxing Bedtime Routine: Engage in calming activities before bed, such as reading or taking a warm bath, to signal to the body that it’s time to sleep.
3. Ensure a Comfortable Sleep Environment: Keep the bedroom dark, quiet, and at a comfortable temperature to promote uninterrupted sleep.
4. Limit Stimulants and Alcohol Before Bed: Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol in the hours leading up to bedtime, as they can disrupt sleep.
5. Address Stress and Anxiety: Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation to reduce stress levels before bedtime.
6. Exercise Regularly: Engage in moderate exercise during the day, but avoid vigorous activity close to bedtime.
7. Avoid Heavy Meals Before Bed: Opt for lighter meals in the evening to prevent discomfort and digestive issues that may disrupt sleep.
8. Establish a Wind-Down Period: Create a transition period before bedtime to signal to the body that it’s time to relax and prepare for sleep.
9. Limit Screen Time: Reduce exposure to screens, such as smartphones and computers, before bed as the blue light emitted can interfere with the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle.
10. Seek Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Therapy techniques can help address underlying psychological factors contributing to sleepwalking.
11. Use Safety Precautions: Remove obstacles or hazards from the sleep environment to prevent injury during sleepwalking episodes.
12. Consider Sleep Aids: In some cases, devices such as alarms or bed alarms can alert caregivers to sleepwalking episodes, providing an opportunity for intervention.
13. Explore Relaxation Techniques: Practices such as progressive muscle relaxation or guided imagery can promote relaxation and improve sleep quality.
14. Encourage a Healthy Sleep Hygiene: Emphasize the importance of a consistent sleep routine and good sleep habits to promote overall sleep health.
15. Monitor and Manage Underlying Conditions: Address any medical or psychiatric conditions that may be contributing to sleepwalking through appropriate treatment and management strategies.
16. Seek Support from Family and Caregivers: Educate family members or roommates about sleepwalking and enlist their support in creating a safe sleep environment.
17. Consider Biofeedback or Hypnosis: These techniques may help individuals gain better control over their sleep patterns and reduce the frequency of sleepwalking episodes.
18. Address Environmental Triggers: Identify and mitigate any environmental factors, such as noise or light pollution, that may be disrupting sleep.
19. Practice Relaxation Techniques: Engage in activities such as deep breathing exercises or progressive muscle relaxation to promote relaxation before bedtime.
20. Promote Healthy Sleep Habits: Encourage consistent sleep schedules, relaxation before bedtime, and a comfortable sleep environment to support quality sleep.

Drugs for Chronic Sleepwalking:

1. Clonazepam (Klonopin)
2. Diazepam (Valium)
3. Lorazepam (Ativan)
4. Temazepam (Restoril)
5. Zolpidem (Ambien)
6. Zopiclone (Imovane)
7. Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
8. Melatonin
9. Tricyclic Antidepressants
10. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Surgeries for Chronic Sleepwalking:

1. None: Surgical interventions are not typically indicated for the treatment of sleepwalking.

Prevention of Chronic Sleepwalking:

1. Maintain a Consistent Sleep Schedule
2. Create a Relaxing Bedtime Routine
3. Ensure a Comfortable Sleep Environment
4. Limit Stimulants and Alcohol Before Bed
5. Address Stress and Anxiety
6. Exercise Regularly
7. Avoid Heavy Meals Before Bed
8. Establish a Wind-Down Period
9. Limit Screen Time
10. Seek Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

When to See a Doctor:

It is advisable to seek medical attention if:

• Sleepwalking episodes pose a risk of injury to oneself or others.
• Sleepwalking is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as daytime fatigue or difficulty concentrating.
• Sleepwalking significantly disrupts daily functioning or quality of life.
• Sleepwalking persists despite implementing preventive measures or non-pharmacological treatments.
• There are underlying medical or psychiatric conditions that may be contributing to sleepwalking.

In conclusion, chronic sleepwalking can be a disruptive and distressing sleep disorder, but with proper understanding, preventive measures, and treatment strategies, individuals can effectively manage the condition and improve their quality of life. It’s essential to consult healthcare professionals for personalized guidance and support in addressing chronic sleepwalking and its underlying causes.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.