Idiopathic Vasculitis

Idiopathic vasculitis is a condition in which the body’s blood vessels become inflamed for reasons that doctors cannot fully explain. In very simple English, “idiopathic” means the cause is unknown, and “vasculitis” means swelling and irritation of the walls of blood vessels. When a vessel wall swells, it can thicken or weaken. Thickening may narrow the passage through which blood flows, while weakening can lead to bulges called aneurysms. Both narrowing and bulging can damage organs by reducing or disrupting their blood supply. Idiopathic vasculitis can affect any blood vessel in the body—small, medium, or large—and may come and go or last a long time. Mayo ClinicJMAJ

Idiopathic vasculitis is a condition where blood vessels become inflamed for no identifiable reason. “Vasculitis” means inflammation of the vessel walls, which makes them swell and thicken. When vessels narrow, blood flow can slow or stop, potentially damaging organs and tissues. In idiopathic vasculitis, doctors cannot find an underlying trigger such as infection, medication, or another disease; it is simply “of unknown cause.” Mayo Clinic

Inflammation in vasculitis is driven by the immune system attacking the lining of arteries, veins, or capillaries. White blood cells release chemicals that damage vessel walls, causing them to thicken or weaken. Over time, this can lead to reduced blood flow (ischemia), aneurysm formation, or scarring. Although the specific immune signals in idiopathic forms remain unclear, the result is the same: inflamed vessels that jeopardize normal organ function. Vasculitis Foundation

Types of Idiopathic Vasculitis

Doctors group idiopathic vasculitis into categories based on the size of the vessels involved.

1. Large-Vessel Vasculitis involves the body’s biggest arteries, such as the aorta and its main branches. Examples include giant cell arteritis (inflammation of the arteries in the head and neck) and Takayasu arteritis (inflammation of the aorta). PMCvasculitis.org.uk

2. Medium-Vessel Vasculitis affects the main visceral arteries and veins that supply organs. Polyarteritis nodosa, for instance, inflames medium arteries in the kidneys, skin, nerves, and gut. vasculitis.org.ukAHA Journals

3. Small-Vessel Vasculitis targets tiny vessels like capillaries, venules, and arterioles. It includes ANCA-associated vasculitides (e.g., microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis) and immune complex small-vessel vasculitis (e.g., IgA vasculitis). NCBIUpToDate

4. Variable-Vessel Vasculitis can involve vessels of any size. Behçet’s disease, for example, may inflame both large and small vessels in different organs. Johns Hopkins Vasculitis CenterRadiopaedia

5. Single-Organ Vasculitis is confined to the vessels of one organ, such as cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis (skin) or primary central nervous system vasculitis (brain). PubMedJohns Hopkins Vasculitis Center

6. Secondary Vasculitis occurs as part of another illness (e.g., lupus, infections, medications, or cancer). When no underlying illness is found, it’s classified as idiopathic or primary vasculitis. PubMedNHLBI, NIH

 Potential Triggers and Risk Factors

Although idiopathic vasculitis by definition has no known single cause, research has identified factors that may trigger vessel inflammation in susceptible people. Each factor below may play a role in starting or worsening the inflammation:

1. Genetic Predisposition
   Variations in genes that regulate the immune system can increase the risk of abnormal vessel inflammation. Certain HLA types, for example, are more common in patients with giant cell arteritis. JMAJPMC

2. Viral Infections
   Viruses such as hepatitis B or C, parvovirus B19, and herpesviruses have been found in inflamed vessels and may trigger an immune attack on blood vessels. NHLBI, NIHJMAJ

3. Bacterial Infections
   Past or chronic infections with bacteria like Streptococcus or Staphylococcus species can prime the immune system to attack vessels. NHLBI, NIHJMAJ

4. Fungal Infections
   Though rare, certain fungi have been identified in vasculitis lesions, suggesting they may contribute in immunocompromised patients. JMAJ

5. Autoimmune Reactivity
   An overactive immune system may mistakenly target vessel walls, even without a clear trigger, due to loss of self-tolerance. JMAJNHLBI, NIH

6. Allergic Reactions
   Hypersensitivity to drugs, foods, or environmental allergens can inflame small vessels in the skin or other organs. nhs.ukUniversity of Michigan Health

7. Medication Side Effects
   Some antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and biologic therapies can trigger vasculitis in a small number of patients. nhs.ukUniversity of Michigan Health

8. Toxin Exposure
   Chemicals like silica and solvents have been linked to an increased risk of vasculitis in occupational studies. NHLBI, NIH

9. Smoking
   Tobacco smoke may damage vessel linings directly or alter immune responses, raising vasculitis risk. NHLBI, NIHUniversity of Michigan Health

10. Age
    Certain types, like giant cell arteritis, are more common in people over 50, while Kawasaki disease affects children. vasculitis.org.ukCleveland Clinic

11. Sex
    Some vasculitides have a gender bias—giant cell arteritis is more common in women, while polyarteritis nodosa slightly favors men. vasculitis.org.ukCleveland Clinic

12. Ethnicity
    Genetic background influences disease rates; Takayasu arteritis is more frequent in individuals of Asian descent. vasculitis.org.ukPMC

13. Environmental Factors
    Seasonal patterns suggest that environmental triggers like pollen or temperature changes may play a part. Cleveland ClinicNHLBI, NIH

14. Cancer (Paraneoplastic)
    Rarely, hidden cancers can provoke vasculitis as an indirect (paraneoplastic) immune response. PubMed

15. Hormonal Changes
    Pregnancy and menopause can influence immune regulation, sometimes unmasking vasculitis. NHLBI, NIH

16. Stress
    Chronic physical or emotional stress may alter immune balance, tipping it toward vessel inflammation. NHLBI, NIH

17. Gut Microbiome Alterations
    Emerging research suggests changes in gut bacteria can affect systemic immunity and vessel health. JMAJ

18. Vaccinations
    Very rarely, vaccines have been temporally associated with vasculitis onset, though causality is not proven. NHLBI, NIH

19. Implanted Devices
    Metallic or polymer implants can sometimes trigger local vasculitis around surgical sites. NHLBI, NIH

20. Idiopathic/Unknown Triggers
    In many cases, none of the above factors are found—hence the term idiopathic. JMAJ

Common Symptoms of Idiopathic Vasculitis

Symptoms vary by vessel size and organ involved, but these are often seen:

1. Fever — A persistent or recurrent fever without clear infection can signal vessel inflammation. Mayo Clinic

2. Fatigue — Feeling unusually tired even after rest is a common early sign. Cleveland Clinic

3. Weight Loss — Losing weight without dieting may result from chronic inflammation. Mayo Clinic

4. Muscle Aches (Myalgia) — Aching muscles can occur when vessels in muscles are inflamed. Cleveland Clinic

5. Joint Pain (Arthralgia) — Swollen joints may hurt if small vessels in joints are affected. Mayo Clinic

6. Headache — Particularly in large-vessel vasculitis of head arteries (giant cell arteritis). Mayo Clinic

7. Skin Rash or Purpura — Small-vessel inflammation can cause red spots or bruises on the skin. Mayo Clinic

8. Numbness or Tingling — Nerve damage from inflamed vessels may cause pins-and-needles sensations. Mayo Clinic

9. Vision Changes — Blurred or double vision can occur if eye-supplying arteries swell. Mayo Clinic

10. Abdominal Pain — Inflammation of gut arteries may lead to cramping pain after meals. Cleveland Clinic

11. Chest Pain — Heart vessel involvement can cause chest tightness or pain. Cleveland Clinic

12. Shortness of Breath — Lung vessel inflammation may make breathing difficult. Cleveland Clinic

13. Kidney Problems — Blood in urine or high blood pressure may signal kidney-vessel inflammation. Cleveland Clinic

14. Blood Clots — Inflamed vessel walls can trigger clots, leading to swelling or pain in limbs. NHLBI, NIH

15. Weight Gain from Swelling — Fluid retention can occur if vessels leak plasma into tissues. NHLBI, NIH

Diagnostic Tests for Idiopathic Vasculiti

To diagnose idiopathic vasculitis, doctors use a mix of exams and tests. Below are 20 key diagnostic steps, sorted by category, each explained in simple English.

Physical Exam (4 tests)

1. Pulse Check — Feeling the wrist or neck pulse can show weak or missing beats if vessels there are inflamed. Mayo Clinic

2. Blood Pressure in Both Arms — A significant difference between arms may signal large-vessel inflammation. Mayo Clinic

3. Skin Inspection — Looking for rashes, bruises, or ulcers on the skin points to small-vessel disease. Mayo Clinic

4. Joint and Muscle Exam — Pressing on joints and muscles to find tenderness or swelling helps locate inflammation. Mayo Clinic

Manual Tests (3 tests)

5. Palpation of Temporal Artery — Feeling the vessel in front of the ear for thickening or tenderness detects giant cell arteritis. Mayo Clinic

6. Allen’s Test — Closing and releasing hand arteries checks blood flow in wrist and palm vessels. NHLBI, NIH

7. Capillary Refill Time — Pressing a fingertip and timing color return measures small-vessel health. NHLBI, NIH

Lab & Pathological Tests (8 tests)

8. Complete Blood Count (CBC) — Measures red and white blood cells and platelets; a high white count signals inflammation. NHLBI, NIH

9. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) — Checks how fast red cells settle in a tube; faster rates indicate more inflammation. NHLBI, NIH

10. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) — A protein that rises quickly when there is inflammation anywhere in the body. NHLBI, NIH

11. ANCA Panel — Tests for antibodies against vessel-lining cells, common in small-vessel vasculitis. UpToDate

12. ANA Test — Screens for antibodies linked to other autoimmune diseases that can cause secondary vasculitis. UpToDate

13. Complement Levels — Measures proteins that fight infection; low levels may appear in immune complex vasculitis. NHLBI, NIH

14. Cryoglobulin Test — Detects proteins that clump in cold, which can block small vessels and cause inflammation. NHLBI, NIH

15. Blood Cultures — Looks for bacteria or fungi in the blood that might trigger secondary vasculitis. NHLBI, NIH

16. Biopsy of Affected Tissue — Removing a small sample of skin, nerve, or artery to look under a microscope for inflamed vessel walls. PubMed

Electrodiagnostic Tests (2 tests)

17. Nerve Conduction Studies — Send tiny electrical signals through nerves to check for damage from inflamed vessels. Mayo Clinic

18. Electromyography (EMG) — Measures muscle electrical activity to see if nerve damage is causing weakness. Mayo Clinic

Imaging Tests (3 tests)

19. Doppler Ultrasound — Uses sound waves to look at blood flow in arteries and veins, spotting blockages or narrowings. vasculitis.org.uk

20. CT Angiography (CTA) — A CT scan with contrast dye shows detailed pictures of vessel inflammation or aneurysms. AHA Journals

21. MR Angiography (MRA) — Uses magnetic fields and dye to map blood vessels without X-rays. AHA Journals

Non-Pharmacological Treatments

Idiopathic vasculitis often requires lifestyle and supportive measures alongside medical therapy. These approaches can reduce inflammation, ease symptoms, and improve quality of life.

1. Physical Activity: Gentle exercises like walking or swimming boost circulation, reduce stiffness, and help control inflammation by increasing anti-inflammatory compounds in the body.
2. Stress Management: Techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and guided imagery lower stress hormones that can worsen immune activity.
3. Massage Therapy: Soft-tissue massage can relieve muscle tension around painful areas, improve lymphatic drainage, and promote relaxation.
4. Heat and Cold Therapy: Warm compresses relax tense muscles and ease joint pain, while cold packs reduce local swelling and numb discomfort.
5. Occupational Therapy: A therapist teaches joint-protecting methods and adaptive tools to perform daily tasks without overloading inflamed vessels.
6. Yoga and Stretching: Gentle stretching and yoga postures maintain joint mobility, enhance balance, and support mental well-being.
7. Acupuncture: Inserting fine needles at specific points may modulate pain pathways and encourage the release of natural anti-inflammatory chemicals.
8. Hydrotherapy: Warm water exercises reduce joint stress, boost circulation to inflamed areas, and foster relaxation.
9. Sleep Hygiene: Establishing a regular sleep schedule and restful environment helps control fatigue and supports immune regulation.
10. Smoking Cessation: Quitting smoking improves vessel health and lowers systemic inflammation.
11. Hydration: Drinking enough water maintains healthy blood viscosity and supports detoxification processes.
12. Compression Garments: For patients with limb swelling, graduated compression stockings improve venous return and reduce discomfort.
13. Patient Education: Learning about vasculitis empowers self-monitoring of flares and adherence to treatment plans.
14. Support Groups: Connecting with others facing vasculitis offers emotional support, practical tips, and reduces isolation.
15. Balanced Rest and Activity: Alternating periods of rest with light activity prevents overexertion while maintaining function.
16. Nutritional Counseling: A dietitian can guide anti-inflammatory meal planning (see below) and avoid triggers.
17. Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces strain on blood vessels and joints.
18. Heat Avoidance (for Cryoglobulinemic Forms): Patients prone to cold-induced flares should stay warm to prevent protein clumping in vessels.
19. Foot Care: Regular inspection and proper footwear prevent ulcers in cases of reduced limb circulation.
20. Self-Monitoring Logs: Tracking symptoms, medication effects, and potential triggers helps identify patterns and inform management. Vasculitis Foundation

Drug Treatments

Medical therapy aims to control vessel inflammation, induce remission, and prevent relapses. Dosages and durations vary by disease severity and patient response.

1. Prednisone (Glucocorticoid)

• Class: Corticosteroid

• Dosage & Time: 1 mg/kg once daily, usually in the morning; tapered over weeks to months

• Purpose: Rapidly reduces inflammation in vessel walls

• Mechanism: Suppresses genes that produce inflammatory cytokines

• Side Effects: Weight gain, high blood sugar, osteoporosis, increased infection risk

2. Cyclophosphamide

• Class: Alkylating agent

• Dosage & Time: 2 mg/kg daily (oral) or 0.5–1 g/m² IV every 4 weeks

• Purpose: Induction therapy for severe or organ-threatening disease

• Mechanism: Kills overactive immune cells by damaging DNA

• Side Effects: Nausea, hair loss, bladder irritation, bone marrow suppression

3. Methotrexate

• Class: Antimetabolite

• Dosage & Time: 15–25 mg weekly, oral or subcutaneous

• Purpose: Maintenance of remission in mild to moderate disease

• Mechanism: Inhibits folate metabolism, reducing immune cell proliferation

• Side Effects: Mouth sores, liver toxicity, lung inflammation

4. Azathioprine

• Class: Purine analog

• Dosage & Time: 1–2 mg/kg daily

• Purpose: Long-term maintenance to prevent flares

• Mechanism: Blocks DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing immune cells

• Side Effects: Bone marrow suppression, liver enzyme elevation

5. Mycophenolate Mofetil

• Class: Antimetabolite

• Dosage & Time: 2 g daily in two divided doses

• Purpose: Alternative maintenance agent

• Mechanism: Inhibits guanine synthesis in lymphocytes

• Side Effects: Diarrhea, leukopenia, increased infection risk

6. Rituximab

• Class: Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody

• Dosage & Time: 375 mg/m² weekly for 4 weeks (or 1 g IV on days 1 and 15)

• Purpose: Induction or maintenance in refractory cases

• Mechanism: Depletes B cells that drive autoimmunity

• Side Effects: Infusion reactions, low immunoglobulins, infection risk

7. Tocilizumab

• Class: IL-6 receptor antagonist

• Dosage & Time: 8 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks or 162 mg subcutaneously weekly

• Purpose: For patients with giant cell arteritis or severe systemic inflammation

• Mechanism: Blocks IL-6-mediated inflammatory signaling

• Side Effects: Elevated liver enzymes, lipid changes, infection

8. Azithromycin (for Secondary Infections)

• Class: Macrolide antibiotic

• Dosage & Time: 500 mg once daily for 3–5 days

• Purpose: Treats or prevents bacterial infections in immunosuppressed patients

• Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

• Side Effects: Gastrointestinal upset, QT prolongation

9. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)

• Class: Immunoglobulin preparation

• Dosage & Time: 2 g/kg over 2–5 days

• Purpose: Modulates immune response in refractory small-vessel vasculitis

• Mechanism: Provides anti-idiotype antibodies and regulatory cytokines

• Side Effects: Headache, infusion reactions, renal dysfunction

10. Hydroxychloroquine

• Class: Antimalarial

• Dosage & Time: 200–400 mg daily

• Purpose: Adjunct for mild skin or joint manifestations

• Mechanism: Inhibits toll-like receptors, reducing cytokine release

• Side Effects: Retinal toxicity (with long-term use), gastrointestinal upset Mayo Clinic

Dietary Molecular & Herbal Supplements

While strong scientific data is limited, some supplements have anti-inflammatory or immune-modulating properties. Always discuss with your doctor before starting any supplement.

1. Omega-3 Fish Oil (1 – 3 g/day): Provides EPA/DHA, which reduce pro-inflammatory eicosanoids.

2. Curcumin (500 mg twice daily): A turmeric extract that blocks NF-κB, a key inflammatory pathway.

3. Resveratrol (100 – 500 mg/day): A polyphenol that activates SIRT1, reducing cytokine release.

4. Green Tea Extract (250 – 500 mg/day): Contains EGCG, which inhibits inflammatory enzymes.

5. Boswellia Serrata (300 – 400 mg three times daily): Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase, lowering leukotriene production.

6. Quercetin (500 mg twice daily): A flavonoid that stabilizes mast cells and reduces histamine release.

7. Ginger (1 – 2 g/day): Contains gingerols that block COX and LOX enzymes.

8. Vitamin D (2,000 IU/day): Regulates T-cell activity and supports immune balance.

9. Vitamin C (500 – 1,000 mg twice daily): Antioxidant that scavenges free radicals in inflamed tissues.

10. Probiotics (10–20 billion CFU/day): Supports gut microbiome, which influences systemic immunity.

11. Cat’s Claw (250 – 350 mg twice daily): May inhibit TNF-α production.

12. Andrographis (300 mg three times daily): Blocks pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α.

13. Milk Thistle (420 mg/day): Contains silymarin, an antioxidant that protects liver from drug toxicity.

14. Garlic Extract (600 – 1,200 mg/day): Contains allicin, which has mild anti-inflammatory effects.

15. Ashwagandha (300 – 500 mg/day): An adaptogen that may lower cortisol and balance immunity. Vasculitis Foundation

Regenerative & Stem Cell-Based Therapies

These advanced treatments are reserved for severe or refractory vasculitis under clinical trial settings.

1. Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (AHSCT): Patients receive high-dose chemotherapy to wipe out autoreactive immune cells, followed by reinfusion of their own stem cells to rebuild a tolerant immune system.
2. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion: Donor MSCs modulate immune responses by secreting anti-inflammatory factors and promoting regulatory T cells.
3. Rituximab-Conditioned B-Cell Depletion: Although not a “stem cell” drug, high-dose rituximab can reset B-cell populations, akin to a cellular therapy.
4. Low-Dose Interleukin-2 Therapy: Stimulates expansion of regulatory T cells that suppress autoimmunity.
5. Antithymocyte Globulin (ATG) with Stem Cell Rescue: ATG depletes T cells, and stem cell rescue restores normal immune balance.
6. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: In localized vessel damage, PRP may boost healing through growth factors. Vasculitis Foundation

Surgical Procedures

When medical therapy cannot fully reverse structural vessel damage, surgery may be needed.

1. Tissue Biopsy: A small sample of affected vessel or organ tissue is removed under local anesthesia to confirm the diagnosis under the microscope.
2. Angioplasty and Stenting: A balloon catheter widens narrowed arteries, and a metal stent keeps the vessel open to restore blood flow.
3. Bypass Surgery: A graft reroutes blood around a permanently blocked or damaged vessel segment.
4. Aneurysm Repair: An inflamed vessel wall that has bulged (aneurysm) is repaired or reinforced to prevent rupture.
5. Amputation or Debridement: In cases of severe limb ischemia with gangrene, removal of dead tissue (debridement) or amputation may be required to prevent infection. Mayo Clinic

Prevention Strategies

Although idiopathic causes cannot be eliminated, these measures reduce flare risk and vessel damage:

1. Keep up with scheduled medical check-ups and laboratory tests.

2. Quit smoking and avoid second-hand smoke.

3. Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.

4. Manage blood pressure to reduce vessel stress.

5. Stay up to date on vaccinations (especially influenza and pneumococcal).

6. Avoid known chemical or drug triggers when possible.

7. Practice safe sun exposure to protect skin vessels.

8. Control blood sugar if diabetic, to prevent vessel damage.

9. Wear protective gear during strenuous activity to avoid injury.

10. Practice good dental hygiene to lower infection risk. Vasculitis Foundation

When to See a Doctor

Contact your healthcare provider promptly if you experience:

• Unexplained fevers or night sweats

• New or worsening skin rashes, ulcers, or purple spots

• Persistent headaches, vision changes, or jaw pain when chewing

• Chest pain or shortness of breath

• Abdominal pain, blood in stool, or kidney changes (swelling, blood in urine)

• Numbness, weakness, or tingling in limbs

• Sudden weight loss or fatigue

• Signs of infection (sore throat, cough, burning with urination)

• Swelling or pain in joints unrelieved by rest

• Mouth ulcers or mouth dryness Mayo Clinic

Dietary Recommendations

A balanced anti-inflammatory diet supports overall vessel health.

What to Eat:

• Fresh fruits and vegetables (berries, leafy greens) rich in antioxidants

• Whole grains (oats, brown rice) for fiber and stable blood sugar

• Lean proteins (fish, poultry, legumes) with omega-3s and amino acids

• Healthy fats (olive oil, nuts, seeds) for vessel integrity

• Spices with anti-inflammatory properties (turmeric, ginger)

What to Avoid:

• Refined sugars and processed snacks that spike inflammation

• Trans fats and excessive saturated fats (fried foods, fatty cuts)

• Excess sodium (canned soups, processed meats) that raises blood pressure

• Alcohol in large amounts, which can trigger flares

• Artificial additives and colorings that may irritate sensitive individuals Mayo Clinic

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is idiopathic vasculitis?
Inflammation of blood vessels with no known cause, leading to vessel damage and organ risk.

2. How is it diagnosed?
Through clinical signs, blood tests for inflammation, imaging (CT, MRI, ultrasound), and often biopsy confirmation.

3. Can it be cured?
There is no cure, but many patients achieve long-term remission with treatment.

4. What are common symptoms?
Fever, fatigue, weight loss, skin rashes, joint pain, nerve symptoms, and organ-specific signs like kidney changes.

5. Is diet important?
Yes—an anti-inflammatory diet can support overall treatment and vessel health.

6. Are supplements safe?
Some have potential benefits, but discuss with your doctor to avoid interactions or immune stimulation.

7. When might surgery be needed?
If vessels narrow permanently, form aneurysms, or cause severe ischemia unresponsive to medicines.

8. What are side effects of steroids?
Possible weight gain, high blood sugar, bone thinning, mood changes, and infection risk.

9. How long does treatment last?
Induction therapy may last months, followed by maintenance that can continue for years to prevent flares.

10. Can I exercise?
Yes—gentle, regular activity is encouraged, but avoid overexertion during flares.

11. What triggers flares?
Infections, stress, certain medications, and poor treatment adherence.

12. Is pregnancy possible?
Many women can safely become pregnant with careful planning and close monitoring.

13. Can it affect children?
While rare, vasculitis can occur in children and requires specialized pediatric care.

14. Are there support resources?
Yes—patient groups like the Vasculitis Foundation offer education, advocacy, and peer support.

15. What research is ongoing?
Trials in stem cell therapy, novel biologic drugs (e.g., IL-17 inhibitors), and personalized immune profiling. Vasculitis Foundation

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, geological location, weather and previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. Regular check-ups and awareness can help to manage and prevent complications associated with these diseases conditions. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. We always try to ensure that the content is regularly updated to reflect the latest medical research and treatment options. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

The article is written by Team RxHarun and reviewed by the Rx Editorial Board Members

Last Updated: August 06, 2025.