Lymphoepithelial Lymphoma

Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist Dr. Harun Ar Rashid, MD - Arthritis, Bones, Joints Pain, Trauma, and Internal Medicine Specialist
1 View
Rx Cancer (A - Z)

Lymphoepithelial lymphoma is a rare type of cancer that affects the lymph nodes and other parts of the body. In this article, we will break down what lymphoepithelial lymphoma is, its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and drugs used in its management. We’ll use simple, plain English to make the information easy to understand.

Types

There are different types of lymphoepithelial lymphoma, but the most common one is called Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL-NT). ENKTL-NT often starts in the nasal passages, but it can also affect other areas like the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or lungs. Less common types include B-cell lymphoepithelial lymphoma and other T-cell lymphomas.

Causes of Lymphoepithelial Lymphoma

While the exact cause of lymphoepithelial lymphoma is not fully understood, several factors may contribute to its development. These factors include:

  1. Viral Infections: Some viral infections, such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have been linked to an increased risk of lymphoepithelial lymphoma.
  2. Immune System Issues: Problems with the immune system can make a person more susceptible to lymphoepithelial lymphoma.
  3. Genetics: There may be a genetic predisposition to developing this type of lymphoma, although it’s not a direct cause.
  4. Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain chemicals or toxins may play a role in the development of lymphoepithelial lymphoma, although this is still being studied.

Symptoms of Lymphoepithelial Lymphoma

The symptoms of lymphoepithelial lymphoma can vary depending on where it is located in the body. Some common symptoms include:

  1. Enlarged Lymph Nodes: Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin are a common sign.
  2. Nasal Symptoms: If the lymphoma is in the nasal area, you may experience nasal congestion, nosebleeds, or a runny nose.
  3. Digestive Issues: Lymphoepithelial lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, or vomiting.
  4. Skin Lesions: Skin involvement may result in the appearance of lumps or sores on the skin.
  5. Fever and Fatigue: Some people may experience fever, night sweats, and fatigue.
  6. Respiratory Symptoms: If the lungs are affected, you may have difficulty breathing or coughing.
  7. Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss is a common symptom of lymphoepithelial lymphoma.
  8. Swelling: Swelling of the face or other areas of the body can occur if the lymphoma obstructs the flow of fluids.
  9. Pain: Depending on the location, you may experience pain or discomfort.

Remember that not everyone with lymphoepithelial lymphoma will have all these symptoms, and some individuals may have no symptoms at all.

Diagnostic Tests for Lymphoepithelial Lymphoma

To diagnose lymphoepithelial lymphoma, doctors may use various tests and procedures, including:

  1. Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells.
  2. Imaging: X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, or PET scans may be done to see the extent and location of the lymphoma.
  3. Blood Tests: Blood tests can help detect abnormalities or markers associated with lymphoepithelial lymphoma.
  4. Bone Marrow Aspiration: If the cancer has spread, a sample of bone marrow may be taken to check for cancer cells.
  5. Endoscopy: A thin tube with a camera on the end may be used to look inside the body and take tissue samples.
  6. Lumbar Puncture: In some cases, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid may be taken if there are concerns about lymphoma involving the central nervous system.
  7. Flow Cytometry: This test helps identify specific cell types in a sample, aiding in the diagnosis.

Treatments for Lymphoepithelial Lymphoma

Treatment for lymphoepithelial lymphoma depends on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Here are some common treatment options:

  1. Chemotherapy: Powerful drugs are used to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. Chemotherapy can be given orally or through an IV.
  2. Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to target and destroy cancer cells. This is often used for localized lymphomas.
  3. Immunotherapy: Some patients may benefit from immunotherapy, which helps the immune system fight cancer.
  4. Stem Cell Transplant: In some cases, a stem cell transplant can replace damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
  5. Targeted Therapy: Medications that specifically target certain molecules involved in cancer growth may be used.
  6. Watchful Waiting: For slow-growing or asymptomatic cases, doctors may choose to monitor the patient’s condition closely without immediate treatment.
  7. Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a tumor.

Drugs Used in Lymphoepithelial Lymphoma Treatment

Several drugs may be used in the treatment of lymphoepithelial lymphoma, either alone or in combination. Some of these drugs include:

  1. Rituximab: This monoclonal antibody targets specific cells in lymphomas.
  2. Cyclophosphamide: A chemotherapy drug that interferes with the growth of cancer cells.
  3. Doxorubicin: Another chemotherapy drug that can help stop the spread of cancer.
  4. Methotrexate: This drug is used to slow down the growth of cancer cells.
  5. Prednisone: A steroid medication that can reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
  6. Etoposide: Another chemotherapy drug that can kill cancer cells.
  7. Bortezomib: A targeted therapy drug that inhibits the growth of cancer cells.
  8. Lenalidomide: This drug can stimulate the immune system and slow cancer growth.
  9. Brentuximab Vedotin: Used in some lymphoma cases to target cancer cells directly.
  10. Ibrutinib: A medication that blocks specific signals that promote cancer cell growth.

It’s important to note that the choice of drugs and treatment plan will be tailored to the individual patient’s condition and needs.

In summary, lymphoepithelial lymphoma is a rare cancer that can affect various parts of the body. While the exact cause remains unclear, factors like viral infections, immune system issues, genetics, and environmental factors may play a role. Symptoms can vary widely, and diagnosis involves several tests. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplants, targeted therapy, and surgery, depending on the specific case.

 

Disclaimer: Each person’s journey is unique, treatment plan, life style, food habit, hormonal condition, immune system, chronic disease condition, previous medical  history is also unique. So always seek the best advice from a qualified medical professional or health care provider before trying any treatments to ensure to find out the best plan for you. This guide is for general information and educational purposes only. If you or someone are suffering from this disease condition bookmark this website or share with someone who might find it useful! Boost your knowledge and stay ahead in your health journey. Thank you for giving your valuable time to read the article.

References

  1. https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html
  2. https://www.aad.org/about/burden-of-skin-disease
  3. https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/national-institute-of-arthritis-musculoskeletal-and-skin-diseases
  4. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/skin/default.html
  5. https://www.skincancer.org/
  6. https://illnesshacker.com/
  7. https://endinglines.com/
  8. https://www.jaad.org/
  9. https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriasis/
  10. https://books.google.com/books?
  11. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/skin-diseases
  12. https://cms.centerwatch.com/directories/1067-fda-approved-drugs/topic/292-skin-infections-disorders
  13. https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Acute-Bacterial-Skin-and-Skin-Structure-Infections—Developing-Drugs-for-Treatment.pdf
  14. https://dermnetnz.org/topics
  15. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/skin-allergy
  16. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/occupational-skin-disease
  17. https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/skin-allergies/
  18. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  19. https://rxharun.com/resources/category/resources/rxharun/article-types/skin-care-beauty/skin-diseases-types-symptoms-treatment/
  20. https://www.nei.nih.gov/
  21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions
  22. https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=List_of_skin_diseases&redirect=no
  23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_condition
  24. https://oxfordtreatment.com/
  25. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/
  26. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/w
  27. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health
  28. https://catalog.ninds.nih.gov/
  29. https://www.aarda.org/diseaselist/
  30. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets
  31. https://www.nibib.nih.gov/
  32. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/topics
  33. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  34. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics
  35. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/
  36. https://www.niehs.nih.gov
  37. https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/
  38. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics
  39. https://obssr.od.nih.gov/
  40. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics
  41. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  42. https://beta.rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases
  43. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/

 

Related Articles

No widgets added. You can disable footer widget area in theme options - footer options

RxHarun
Logo