Transverse process fusion is a spinal condition in which the small bony projections (transverse processes) on the sides of adjacent vertebrae grow together ...

Pseudoarticulation lumbarization is a form of lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) in which the first sacral segment (S1) fails to fuse fully with the ...

A dysplastic transverse process is a congenital malformation in which one or more of the lateral bony projections (transverse processes) of a vertebra develop ...

Complete bilateral lumbarization is a congenital spinal anomaly in which the first sacral segment (S1) fails to fuse with the rest of the sacrum on both sides. ...

Complete unilateral lumbarization is a congenital variation of the lumbosacral spine in which the first sacral vertebra (S1) fails to fuse on one side and ...

Incomplete Bilateral Lumbarization is a congenital variant of the lumbosacral junction in which the first sacral vertebra (S1) does not fully fuse with the ...

Incomplete unilateral lumbarization is a type of lumbosacral transitional vertebra, a congenital spine anomaly where the top segment of the sacrum (S1) partly ...

Lumbarization is a congenital anomaly where the first sacral vertebra (S1) does not fuse with the rest of the sacrum, effectively appearing as an additional ...

Foix–Alajouanine syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a slowly progressive myelopathy—damage to the spinal cord—caused by chronic venous ...

Conduction aphasia is a language disorder characterized by fluent speech and good understanding but a marked inability to repeat words or phrases. It arises ...

Thalamic pain syndrome, also known as Dejerine–Roussy syndrome or central post-stroke pain (CPSP), is a chronic neuropathic pain condition that arises after ...

Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is a condition characterized by compression or irritation of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the cubital tunnel at the ...

Traumatic craniocervical distraction is a severe injury in which the skull (cranium) becomes forcibly separated from the top of the spine (cervical vertebrae) ...

Ventral Brainstem Compression (VBC) occurs when structures in front of the brainstem press against it, narrowing its space and disrupting normal function. The ...

Cranial settling, also known as basilar invagination in the context of craniocervical junction pathology, refers to the upward migration of the upper cervical ...

Basilar invagination is a craniocervical junction abnormality in which the odontoid process (the “dens” of C2) migrates upward into the foramen magnum, ...

Atlanto-axial vertical dislocation (also called atlanto-axial distraction injury) occurs when the first cervical vertebra (C1, the “atlas”) moves abnormally ...

Atlanto-axial rotatory dislocation (AARD) is a condition in which the first cervical vertebra (C1, also called the atlas) rotates abnormally against the second ...

The atlanto-axial joint is the articulation between the first cervical vertebra (atlas) and the second cervical vertebra (axis). In a lateral dislocation, the ...

The atlanto-axial joint is where the first cervical vertebra (the atlas) meets the second cervical vertebra (the axis). In a posterior dislocation of this ...