Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a condition that occurs when a developing fetus is infected with the rubella virus (also known as German measles) through ...

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of rare, inherited disorders of the neuromuscular junction, where communication between nerve endings and ...

Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) is a benign, congenital overgrowth (hamartoma) of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer ...

Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy (CHED) is a rare genetic disorder of the corneal endothelium that manifests as bilateral corneal clouding from ...

Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles (CFEOM) is a rare, inherited group of eye-movement disorders present from birth. In healthy development, cranial ...

Congenital ectropion uveae (CEU) is a rare, non‑progressive developmental eye anomaly where the pigmented layer of the iris (the back surface) is ...

Congenital cystic eye (CCE) is an extremely rare birth defect in which the normal structures of the eye fail to form, and instead a fluid‐filled cyst occupies ...

Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders (CCDDs) are a group of rare conditions present at birth in which one or more of the cranial nerves that control ...

Epiblepharon is an eyelid condition characterized by an extra horizontal fold of skin and pretarsal orbicularis muscle that rides over the eyelid margin, ...

Conductive keratoplasty (CK) is a minimally invasive refractive procedure that uses controlled radiofrequency energy to reshape the cornea and correct mild to ...

Digital Eye Strain (DES), also known as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), is a clinical syndrome characterized by a collection of visual disturbances and ocular ...

Compressive visual field defects are abnormalities in the patient’s peripheral or central vision caused by pressure (mass effect) on the visual ...

Commotio retinae, also known as Berlin’s edema when involving the macula, is a form of traumatic retinopathy that arises following blunt injury to the eye. In ...

Deuteranopia, often called green–blindness, is a form of red–green color vision deficiency in which the medium‑wavelength (green) cone photoreceptors in the ...

Protanopia is a form of color vision deficiency in which the long-wavelength sensitive cones (often called “red” cones) are either absent or nonfunctional. ...

Normal trichromatic vision is the typical human ability to perceive and distinguish a wide range of colors using three types of cone photoreceptor cells in the ...

Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (often abbreviated CHR-RPE or simply CHRRPE) is a rare, benign, congenital ocular tumor. It ...

Color vision is the ability of the visual system to distinguish light of different wavelengths and to interpret those differences as distinct colors. In the ...

Coloboma is a congenital eye condition in which normal eye structures do not form completely during early development. The term “coloboma” comes from the Greek ...

Cogan syndrome (often written “Cogan’s syndrome”) is a rare autoimmune disease in which the body’s own defense system mistakenly attacks tissues of the inner ...