Rx Journal of Fitness&Clinical Nutrition

Vitamin B5 ; Symptoms, Food Source, Health Benefit

Vitamin B5 is a water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant properties. Vitamin B5 is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. Vitamin B5 is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, Read More …

Esophageal Thrush Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

Esophageal Thrush Symptoms/Esophageal candidiasis (EC) is one of the most common opportunistic infections in patients with impaired cellular immunity, and it is and the most common gastrointestinal (GI) opportunistic disorder among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [rx], [rx] However, we have sometimes come across EC in healthy individuals without HIV infection.[rx–rx] When EC has been found in healthy individuals, Read More …

Vitamin B Complex; Types, Deficiency Symptoms, Food Source

Vitamin B Complex/B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Though these vitamins share similar names, they are chemically distinct compounds which often coexist in the same foods. In general, dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific Read More …

Vitamin A; Types, Deficiency Symptoms, Food Source, Health Benefit

Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamins A carotenoids (most notable beta-carotene). Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system and good vision. Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, Read More …

Bethanechol; Indications, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions ,Pregnancy

Bethanechol is a slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension,[1] Bethanechol is a synthetic ester structurally and pharmacologically related to acetylcholine. A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, bethanechol is generally Read More …

Metoclopramide; Indications, Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions ,Pregnancy

Metoclopramide is a substituted benzamide and a derivative of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) that is structurally related to procainamide, with gastroprokinetic and antiemetic effects. Metoclopramide exerts its prokinetic effect by antagonizing dopamine-mediated relaxation effect on gastrointestinal smooth muscle. This enhances the response of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle to cholinergic stimulation, thereby leading to an increase of gastric emptying into the intestines. Metoclopramide may also strengthen the lower esophagus sphincter, thereby Read More …

Cefquinome; Indications/Uses, Dosage, Side effects, Interaction ,Pregnancy

Cefquinome is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefquinome binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial Read More …

Cefpirome; Uses, Contra indications, Dosage, Side effects, Interaction

Cefpirome is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefpirome binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell Read More …

Cefozopran; Mechanism, Uses, Contraindications, Dosage, Side effects,

Cefozopran is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefozopran binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell Read More …

Cefoselis; Mechanism, Uses, Contra indications, Dosage, Side effects

Cefoselis is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-resistant, fourth-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefoselis binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial Read More …

Cefluprenam; Uses, Contraindications, Dosage, Side effects, Interaction

Cefluprenam is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. It binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for Read More …

Cefepime; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions

Cefepime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefepime binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell Read More …

Cefclidin; Mechanism, Uses, Contraindications, Dosage, Side effects,

Cefclidin is a fourth-generation, parenteral cephalosporin with strong activity against glucose non-fermentative bacillus bacteria, but is ineffective against gram-positive cocci. Pharmacology of Cefclidin Cefclidin is a fourth-generation, parenteral cephalosporin with strong activity against glucose non-fermentative bacillus bacteria, but is ineffective against gram-positive cocci. Cefclidin is a fourth-generation, parenteral cephalosporin with strong activity against glucose non-fermentative bacillus bacteria, but is ineffective against gram-positive cocci. Cefclidin is a fourth-generation, parenteral cephalosporin with strong Read More …

Anticholinergic Drugs; Types, Indications/Uses, Side Effects, Drug Interactions

Anticholinergic drugs agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system. These agents inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells. The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lungs, and many other parts of the body. Anticholinergics are divided into three categories in accordance Read More …

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Types, Mechanism, Uses, Side Effects, Interactions

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes, monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They have a long history of use as medications prescribed for the treatment of depression. They are particularly effective in treating atypical depression. They are also used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and several other disorders. Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (RIMAs) Read More …